1. Ukuhlukaniswa kwama-DC motors
1. Brushless DC motor:
I-brushless DC motor ukushintshanisa i-stator ne-rotor ye-DC motor ejwayelekile.I-rotor yayo iwuzibuthe unomphela wokukhiqiza i-air-gap flux: i-stator iyi-armature futhi iqukethe i-multi-phase windings.Ngokwesakhiwo, ifana ne-synchronous motor yamagnetic unomphela.Isakhiwo se-brushless DC motor stator siyefana naleso semoto ejwayelekile ehambisanayo noma i-induction motor. I-Multi-phase windings (isigaba sesithathu, isigaba sesine, isigaba sesihlanu, njll.) ifakwe kumgogodla wensimbi. Ama-windings angaxhunywa kunkanyezi noma e-delta, futhi axhumeke Amashubhu wamandla we-inverter axhumekile ukuze ashintshwe ngendlela efanele.I-rotor ngokuvamile isebenzisa izinto zomhlaba ezingavamile ezinamandla amakhulu okuphoqelela kanye nokuminyana okuphezulu kwe-samarium cobalt noma i-neodymium iron boron. Ngenxa yezindawo ezihlukene zezinto kazibuthe ezigxotsheni kazibuthe, zingahlukaniswa zibe izigxobo kazibuthe ezingaphezulu, izigxobo kazibuthe ezishumekiwe nezigxobo zikazibuthe.Njengoba umzimba wemoto uyimoto kazibuthe unomphela, kuyisiko ukubiza i-brushless DC motor ebizwa nangokuthi i-permanent magnet brushless DC motor.
Amamotho e-Brushless DC athuthukiswa eminyakeni yamuva nje ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe be-microprocessor kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla amasha kagesiamadivaysi anemvamisa ephezulu yokushintsha kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla aphansi, kanye nokwenza kahle kwezindlela zokulawula kanye nokuvela kwezinto ezingabizi kakhulu, ezisezingeni eliphezulu ezihlala njalo zikazibuthe. Kuthuthukiswe uhlobo olusha lwe-DC motor.
Amamotho e-Brushless DC awagcini nje ngokugcina ukusebenza kahle kokulawula isivinini samamotho endabuko e-DC, kodwa futhi anezinzuzo zokungaxhumani nokushelelayo kanye nezinhlansi zokuhamba, ukwethembeka okuphezulu, impilo ende yesevisi nomsindo ophansi, ngakho asetshenziswa kabanzi ku-aerospace, amathuluzi omshini we-CNC. , amarobhothi, izimoto zikagesi, njll., ama-peripheral amakhompiyutha kanye nezinto zasendlini zisetshenziswe kakhulu.
Ngokwezindlela ezihlukene zokuphakelwa kwamandla, ama-brushless DC motors angahlukaniswa abe izigaba ezimbili: ama-square wave brushless DC motors, amagagasi awo angemuva e-EMF kanye nokuhlinzeka nge-waveform yamanje kokubili okungamagagasi angama-rectangular, aziwa nangokuthi ama-rectangular wave ama-synchronous motors azibuthe; I-Brushed DC motor, i-EMF waveform yayo yangemuva kanye nokuhlinzeka nge-waveform yamanje womabili amagagasi ane-sine.
2. I-brush ye-DC motor
(1) Unomphela uzibuthe DC motor
Uzibuthe unomphela DC motor division: umhlaba ongavamile uzibuthe unomphela DC motor, ferrite unomphela uzibuthe DC motor kanye alnico unomphela uzibuthe DC motor.
① Injini ye-DC enozibuthe yomhlaba engavamile: Incane ngosayizi futhi isebenza kangcono, kodwa iyabiza, isetshenziswa kakhulu endaweni yendiza, amakhompyutha, amathuluzi aphansi, njll.
② Uzibuthe we-DC motor we-Ferrite unomphela: I-magnetic pole body eyenziwe ngezinto ze-ferrite ishibhile futhi isebenza kahle, futhi isetshenziswa kakhulu ezintweni zasendlini, izimoto, amathoyizi, amathuluzi kagesi neminye imikhakha.
③ I-Alnico unomphela uzibuthe we-DC motor: Idinga ukusebenzisa izinsimbi eziningi eziyigugu, futhi intengo iphezulu, kodwa inokuvumelana nezimo ezinhle lokushisa eliphezulu. Isetshenziswa ezikhathini lapho izinga lokushisa le-ambient liphezulu noma kudingeka ukuzinza kwezinga lokushisa kwemoto.
(2) I-electromagnetic DC motor.
I-Electromagnetic DC motor division: uchungechunge lwe-DC motor ejabulile, shunt motor DC ejabulile, motor DC ejabulile ngokwehlukana kanye ne-DC motor ejabulile.
① Uchungechunge lwe-DC motor ejabulile: I-current ixhunywe kuchungechunge, i-shunted, futhi i-winding field ixhunywe ochungechungeni ne-armature, ngakho-ke insimu kazibuthe kule moto ishintsha kakhulu ngokushintsha kwe-armature current.Ukuze ungabangeli ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kanye nokwehla kwe-voltage ku-winding ye-excitation, kuncane ukumelana kwe-excitation winding, kungcono, ngakho-ke uchungechunge lwe-DC excitation motor luvame ukulimala ngocingo olukhudlwana, futhi inani layo lokujika lincane.
② Shunt ejabulile injini ye-DC: Inkundla yokusongelwa kwe-shunt ejabulile ye-DC motor ixhunywe ngokuhambisana ne-armature winding. Njengejeneretha ye-shunt, i-voltage ye-terminal evela ku-motor ngokwayo inikeza amandla ku-winding field; njengenjini ye-shunt, insimu ejikajikayo Ukwabelana ngokunikezwa kwamandla okufanayonge-armature , iyafana nemoto ye-DC ejabule ngokwehlukana ngokusebenza.
③ Imoto ye-DC ejabulile ngokwehlukana: I-winding field ayinakho ukuxhunywa kukagesi ne-armature, futhi isifunda senkundla sinikezwa enye i-DC power supply.Ngakho-ke i-field current ayithinteki i-terminal voltage noma i-armature current.
④ I-Compound-excited DC motor: I-compound-excited DC motor inamawindi e-excitation amabili, i-shunt excitation kanye ne-series excitation. Uma amandla kazibuthe akhiqizwe uchungechunge lwe-excitation winding asendleleni efanayo namandla kazibuthe akhiqizwa i-shunt excitation winding, kubizwa ngokuthi i-product compound excitation.Uma izikhombisi-ndlela zamandla amabili we-magnetomotive ziphambene, kubizwa ngokuthi i-different compound excitation.
2. Isimiso sokusebenza se-DC motor
Kunozibuthe omile omise okwendandatho ogxilile ngaphakathi kwenjini ye-DC, futhi owamanje udlula kukhoyili kurotha ukuze ukhiqize amandla e-ampere. Lapho ikhoyili ku-rotor ihambisana nensimu kazibuthe, isiqondiso samagnetic sizoshintsha lapho iqhubeka nokujikeleza, ngakho-ke ibhulashi ekugcineni kwe-rotor lizoshintsha Amapuleti axhumene ngokushintshana, ukuze isiqondiso wamanje kukhoyili nawo uyashintsha, futhi isiqondiso samandla e-Lorentz akhiqizwayo ahlala engashintshiwe, ukuze injini iqhubeke izungeza ohlangothini olulodwa.
Umgomo wokusebenza wejeneretha ye-DC ukuguqula amandla e-AC electromotive akhangwe kukhoyili yengalo ukuze abe amandla e-DC electromotive lapho ekhishwa ekugcineni kwebhulashi ngumshayeli kanye nomthelela wokushintsha webhulashi.
Isiqondiso samandla e-electromotive adaliwe kunqunywa ngokomthetho wesandla sokudla (umugqa wensimu kazibuthe ukhomba entendeni yesandla, isithupha sikhomba lapho kuhamba khona umqhubi, futhi isiqondiso seminye iminwe emine isiqondiso samandla e-electromotive eyenziwe ku-conductor).
Ukuqondiswa kwamandla asebenza ku-conductor kunqunywa umthetho ongakwesokunxele.Leli pheya lamandla kazibuthe kagesi lakha itorque esebenza ku-armature. Le torque ibizwa ngetorque kagesi emshinini kagesi ojikelezayo. Isiqondiso se-torque siphambene newashi, izama ukwenza i-armature ijikeleze ngokuphambene newashi.Uma le torque kagesi ingakwazi ukunqoba itorque yokumelana ku-armature (njengetorque yokumelana ebangelwa ukungqubuzana namanye ama-torque omthwalo), i-armature ingazungezisa ngokuphambene newashi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-18-2023