NgoLwesihlanu (Agasti 12), ngesikhathi sasekhaya, Ihhovisi Lemboni Nezokuphepha Lomnyango Wezohwebo wase-US (BIS) lidalule ku-Federal Register umthetho wokugcina wesikhashana wemikhawulo yokuthumela ngaphandle obeka imingcele ku-Federal Register.umklamo we-GAAFET (Full Gate Field Effect Transistor). ) Isoftware ye-EDA/ECAD edingekayo kumasekethe ahlanganisiwe wesakhiwo; izinto ze-ultra-wide bandgap semiconductor ezimelelwe idayimane ne-gallium oxide; ubuchwepheshe obune obufana ne-pressure gain combustion (PGC) esetshenziswa ezinjinini ze-gas turbine ukuze kusetshenziswe izilawuli ezintsha zokuthumela ngaphandle, idethi esebenzayo yokuvinjelwa kwanamuhla (15 Agasti).
Phakathi kobuchwepheshe obune, i-EDA idonsa amehlo kakhulu, okuhunyushwa imakethe njengemikhawulo eyengeziwe embonini ye-chip yaseChina yi-United States ngemuva kwe-“Chip and Science Act”, ethinta ngqo izinkampani zasekhaya eziklama i-3nm nangaphezulu. imikhiqizo ye-chip.Kodwa-ke, idizayini ye-3-nanometer ayivamisile ukusetshenziswa e-China njengamanje, futhi umthelela wayo wesikhathi esifushane unomkhawulo.
Ngokungeziwe kunqubo ye-3nm, ukushaja okusheshayo kwe-800V kungase kuthinteke
I-EDA (Electronics Design Automation) iwukuzenzela kwe-electronic design, okuyingxenye ebalulekile nebalulekile yomklamo we-chip IC (integrated circuit). Iyingxenye yemboni ekhuphuka nomfula yokukhiqiza ama-chip, ehlanganisa zonke izinqubo ezifana nedizayini yesekethe edidiyelwe, izintambo, ukuqinisekiswa kanye nokulingiswa.I-EDA ibizwa ngokuthi “umama wama-chips” embonini.
I-Tianfeng International Research Report yabonisa ukuthi uma ukukhiqizwa kwe-chip kuqhathaniswa nokwakha isakhiwo, ukuklama kwe-IC kuwumdwebo wokuklama, futhi isofthiwe ye-EDA iyithuluzi lokuklama imidwebo, kodwa isofthiwe ye-EDA iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunesofthiwe yokuklama izakhiwo.
I-ECAD (isoftware ye-Electronic Computer Aided Design) inobubanzi obubanzi kune-EDA, futhi ukuvinjelwa kusho ukuthi wonke ama-software ahlobene amboziwe.NgokoMnyango Wezohwebo wase-US, i-ECAD iyikilasi lamathuluzi esofthiwe asetshenziselwa ukuklama, ukuhlaziya, ukuthuthukisa kanye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwesekethe ehlanganisiwe noma ibhodi lesekethe eliphrintiwe.Isetshenziselwa ukuklama amasekethe ahlanganisiwe ayinkimbinkimbi ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza kwezempi, i-aerospace, kanye nezimboni zokuvikela.
Ubuchwepheshe be-GAAFET transistor ubuchwepheshe obuthuthuke kakhulu uma buqhathaniswa ne-FinFET transistors (i-fin field effect transistors), ubuchwepheshe be-FinFET bungafinyelela kuma-nanometers angu-3, kuyilapho i-GAAFET ikwazi ukuzuza ama-nanometer angu-2.
Lokhu ukulawulwa kokuthekelisa kwesithathu okuqalwe yi-United States ngokumelene ne-China emkhakheni we-EDA.Eyokuqala yayimelene ne-ZTE ngo-2018 kanti eyesibili yayibhekene neHuawei ngo-2019.Ngokungeziwe kuma-electronics abathengi afana nomakhalekhukhwini be-Apple namakhompyutha, ama-chips asebenzisa inqubo yokukhiqiza ethuthuke kakhulu emakethe wonke angama-chips anamandla amakhulu e-computing, njengama-GPU asetshenziselwa ubuhlakani bokwenziwa, nama-server chips asetshenziswa ezikhungweni zedatha nakukhompyutha yamafu. .
Abanye abaklami be-chip bathi umthelela wesikhashana walesi silinganiso sokulawula unomkhawulo, ngoba imiklamo ye-nanometer engu-3 ayivami ukusetshenziswa e-China. Amanye ama-chips e-AI nama-GPU chips asebenzisa ama-nanometer angu-7, kuyilapho ama-TV, ama-set-top boxes, nama-chips ebanga lezimoto ngokuvamile angu-28 nm. i-nanometer noma i-nanometer engu-16.Ezinye izingqapheli zemboni zikholelwa ukuthi i-United States ifuna ukwenza izwe laseShayina lingabi namathuluzi okuklama ama-chips aphezulu angama-nanometers angu-3 nangaphansi, futhi umklamo unamathele kuma-nanometers angu-5, futhi ukukhiqizwa kubambelele kuma-nanometer angu-7.Bese, ibanga phakathi kweChina ne-United States kukhompyutha enesivinini esikhulu, i-AI yokwenziwa, njll. lizonwetshwa.
Ngokombono womuntu we-chip, isizathu esiyinhloko esenza i-United States icindezele i-EDA ukulawula umthamo wokukhiqiza wama-chips asekhaya.
Ngaphezu kwesofthiwe ye-EDA kulokhu, izinto ezimbili ze-semiconductor nazo zihilelekile: i-gallium oxide (Ga2O3) nama-substrates edayimane, kokubili okuyizinto ze-ultra-wide bandgap semiconductor.Izinto ezinjalo kulindeleke ukuthi zisebenze ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima, njengama-voltage aphezulu noma amazinga okushisa aphezulu.
Lezi zinto zisathuthukiswa futhi azikaze zenziwe ngezimboni ngezinga elikhulu, futhi ubuchwepheshe bugxile kakhulu eJapane nase-United States.Kodwa-ke, ama-chips enziwe ngalezi zinto ezisetshenziswayo azofaneleka kakhulu ezindaweni eziningi zezimboni njengamandla amasha, ukugcinwa kwamandla egridi, ukuxhumana, njll., futhi ngenxa yalokho azwela kakhulu futhi abaluleke kakhulu.
Uma sithatha njengesibonelo izimoto ezishajayo, njengamanje, izinkampani zezimoto ezintsha ezisebenza ngamandla njenge-Xiaopeng Motors, BYD, Li Auto, ne-BAIC Jihu sezivele zisatshalaliswe ubuchwepheshe bokushaja obusheshayo be-800V, futhi zizokhiqizwa ngobuningi kulo nyaka.Amadivayisi kagesi enziwe ngezinto ze-gallium oxide angasetshenziswa kulobu buchwepheshe bokushaja okusheshayo.
Ithuba le-EDA “lokuphumelela” kwasekhaya
“Uma uklama umkhiqizo we-chip we-5-nanometer futhi usebenzisa isoftware ye-EDA ephezulu emhlabeni, izindleko zingalawulwa cishe ngezigidi ezingama-40 zamadola aseMelika, kodwa ngaphandle kokusekelwa kwesoftware ye-EDA, izindleko zokuklama i-5-nanometer chip zingase ziphakame 7.7 billion wamadola aseMelika. Idola laseMelika liseduze negebe izikhathi ezingaba ngu-200. " Umuntu ofanelekile ophethe inkampani yasekhaya yesoftware ye-CAD (i-computer-aid design) ubale i-akhawunti.
Njengamanje, imakethe yomhlaba wonke yemboni ye-EDA iphezulu kakhulu. Iziqhwaga ezintathu ze-EDA i-Synopsy (Synopsy), i-Cadence (i-Kedence Electronics), kanye ne-Mentor Graphics (Mentor International, etholwe ngabakwa-Siemens eJalimane ngo-2016) zithatha ngokuqinile ngaphezu kwama-70% emakethe yomhlaba. isabelo semakethe, futhi inganikeza amathuluzi aphelele e-EDA, ahlanganisa yonke inqubo noma ingxenye enkulu yenqubo yokwakhiwa kwesekethe edidiyelwe kanye nokukhiqizwa.
Lezi zinkampani ezintathu zinezici zazo emikhiqizweni, futhi ukugxila kanye nezinzuzo ze-IP (impahla yengqondo) kwehluke kakhulu. Imikhiqizo yabo inesabelo semakethe esingu-85% eChina.Ubuchwepheshe benqubo ye-architecture ye-3-nanometer ye-GAAFET obusanda kugqekezwa ngabakwaSamsung ngoJuni nonyaka buqedwe ngosizo lwe-Synopsys and Cadence.
Izinkampani zesigaba sesibili zimelelwe yi-ANSYS, Silvaco, Aldec Inc, Huada Jiutian, njll. Zinayo yonke inqubo emikhakheni ethile futhi zithuthuke kakhulu kubuchwepheshe emikhakheni yasendaweni.Izinkampani ezisesigabeni sesithathu zifaka i-Altium, i-Concept Engineering, i-Introduction Electronics, i-Guangliwei, i-Sierxin, i-DownStream Technologies, njll. Ukuhlelwa kwe-EDA kusekelwe ikakhulukazi kumathuluzi wamaphuzu, futhi kukhona ukuntuleka kwemikhiqizo egcwele inqubo emikhakheni ethile.
Iningi lezinkampani eziklama amashiphu ezifuywayo zisasebenzisa isoftware yezimboni ye-EDA engenisiwe ukudizayina ama-chips. Ngo-1993, u-Huada Jiutian wakhipha isoftware yokuqala yasekhaya ye-EDA - uhlelo lwe-Panda ICCAD, oluzuze impumelelo ku-EDA yasekhaya ukusuka ku-0 kuye ku-1.Ngo-2020, emakethe ye-EDA yaseChina, ngokwesilinganiso semali engenayo, u-Huada Jiutian wakleliswa endaweni yesine.
Ngomhla zingama-29 kuJulayi, u-Huada Jiutian wafika ngokusemthethweni eMakethe ye-Growth Enterprise, ekhuphuke ngo-126% ngosuku lokuqala lokufakwa kuhlu, futhi inani layo lemakethe ladlula ama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-40.U-Huada Jiutian ushilo ku-prospectus ukuthi iningi lomklamo wayo wesekethe yedijithali imikhiqizo ye-EDA ingasekela inqubo ye-5-nanometer; I-Gelun Electronics iveze embikweni wayo waminyaka yonke ukuthi amanye amathuluzi angakwazi ukusekela inqubo ye-7-nanometer, 5-nanometer, kanye ne-3-nanometer.
Imali engenayo ka-Huada Jiutian ngo-2021 ingama-yuan ayizigidi ezingama-580, kanti imali engenayo ye-Gailun Electronics ingaphansi kwama-yuan ayizigidi ezingama-200.I-No. 1 Synopsys yomhlaba inenzuzo elinganiselwa ku-26 billion yuan kanye nenzuzo engaphezu kwama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-5.
I-Tianfeng International Research Report iveze ukuthi kubalulekile ukwenziwa kwasendaweni. Kunemikhakha engaphansi engaba ngu-40 ochungechungeni lwamathuluzi e-EDA. Lezi zikhondlakhondla ezintathu zithole ukusabalala kwawo wonke uchungechunge lwezimboni, kanti umholi wasekhaya u-Huada Jiutian njengamanje unesilinganiso sokuhlanganisa esingaba ngu-40%. Abanye Imikhiqizo yabakhiqizi be-EDA basekhaya ngokuvamile ingamathuluzi okukhomba.
Ngokwezibalo, cishe kunezinkampani zamathuluzi okuklama eziyi-100 eChina.I-EDA ihlukaniswe ngamathuluzi omklamo we-analog chip kanye namathuluzi omklamo we-digital chip.Ezinye izinkampani ezifuywayo zixazulule yonke inqubo yokuklama ama-analog chips.Amathuluzi okuklama ama-chips edijithali anzima kakhulu. Cishe “amathuluzi wamaphuzu” angu-120 ahilelekile ohlelweni lokuklama, futhi ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kwenziwa ethuluzini ngalinye lamaphuzu.
Kunombono wokuthi ukuqukatha kwe-United States, okuwukuphela kwendlela yokuthuthukisa izinga le-software yasekhaya ye-EDA ukuthuthukisa ngokushesha izinga le-software yasekhaya ye-EDA, futhi amabhizinisi asekhaya kufanele ahlangane, ngisho neHuawei HiSilicon namanyuvesi asekhaya kufanele abambe iqhaza. ekwakheni imifelandawonye ukuze kuthuthukiswe ngokuhlanganyela.Ngokukhula kwesidingo sama-chips asekhaya, i-EDA yasekhaya ayinawo amathuba emakethe yomthengi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-15-2022