Abathandi bezimoto bebelokhu beshiseka ngokweqile ngezinjini, kodwa ukufakwa kukagesi akumi, futhi imithombo yolwazi yabanye abantu ingase idinge ukubuyekezwa.
Okujwayeleke kakhulu namuhla injini yomjikelezo we-four-stroke, nayo engumthombo wamandla ezimotweni eziningi ezisebenza ngophethiloli.Ngokufana ne-four-stroke, i-two-stroke kanye ne-Wankel rotor injini yezinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi, ama-motor emoto kagesi angahlukaniswa abe ama-motor synchronous kanye nama-asynchronous motors ngokusho umehluko kuma-rotors. Ama-asynchronous motors abizwa nangokuthi ama-induction motors, kuyilapho ama-synchronous motors aqukethe odonsa unomphela. futhi yamanje ukujabulisa injini.
I-Stator ne-Rotor
Zonke izinhlobo zezimoto zikagesi ziqukethe izingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko: i-stator ne-rotor.
Stator▼
I-stator ingxenye yenjini ehlala imile futhi iyindlu engaguquki yenjini, efakwe ku-chassis njengebhulokhi yenjini.I-rotor iyona kuphela ingxenye ehambayo ye-motor, efana ne-crankshaft, ethumela i-torque ngaphandle ngokudluliswa nokuhluka.
I-stator yakhiwe izingxenye ezintathu: i-stator core, i-stator winding kanye nohlaka.Ama-grooves amaningi ahambisanayo emzimbeni we-stator agcwele ama-winding ethusi axhunyiwe.
Lawa ma-winding aqukethe okokufaka kwethusi okucolisekileyo okunwebekayo okwandisa ukuminyana kokugcwalisa imbobo kanye nokuxhumana okuqondile kwentambo kuya kocingo.Ama-winding aminyene akhuphula umthamo we-torque, kuyilapho iziphetho zinyakaziswa ngobunono, kunciphisa inqwaba yephakheji elincane eliphelele.
I-Stator ne-rotor▼
Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-stator ukukhiqiza inkambu kazibuthe ejikelezayo (RMF), kuyilapho umsebenzi oyinhloko we-rotor uzosikwa yimigqa yamandla kazibuthe endaweni ezungezayo kazibuthe ukukhiqiza (okukhiphayo) okwamanje.
I-motor isebenzisa izigaba ezintathu ezishintshashintshayo zamanje ukusetha inkambu ejikelezayo, futhi imvamisa yayo namandla kulawulwa amandla kagesi aphendula ku-accelerator.Amabhethri angamadivayisi wamanje (DC), ngakho-ke amandla kagesi emoto kagesi ahlanganisa isiguquli se-DC-AC esinikeza i-stator nge-AC yamanje edingekayo ukuze kudaleke inkambu yakazibuthe eshintshashintshayo ebaluleke kakhulu.
Kodwa kufanelekile ukukhomba ukuthi lawa ma-motor nawo angamajeneretha, okusho ukuthi amasondo azobuyisela i-rotor ngaphakathi kwe-stator, ehlise insimu yamagnetic ezungezayo ngakolunye uhlangothi, athumele amandla ebhethri ngesiguquli se-AC-DC.
Le nqubo, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-regenerative braking, idala ukudonsa futhi ibambezele imoto.Ukuvuselelwa akukona nje kuphela ukunweba ububanzi bezimoto zikagesi, kodwa futhi nezinhlobonhlobo ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, njengoba ukuvuselelwa okubanzi kuthuthukisa ukonga kukaphethiloli.Kodwa emhlabeni wangempela, ukukhiqiza kabusha akusebenzi kahle njengokuthi “ukugingqa imoto,” okugwema ukulahlekelwa amandla.
Ama-EV amaningi athembele ekudluliselweni kwesivinini esisodwa ukunciphisa ukujikeleza phakathi kwenjini namasondo.Njengezinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi, ama-motor kagesi asebenza kahle kakhulu ku-rpm ephansi kanye nomthwalo ophezulu.
Nakuba i-EV ingase ithole ibanga elihloniphekile ngegiya elilodwa, ama-pickup asindayo nama-SUV asebenzisa ama-multi-speed transmissions ukwandisa ububanzi ngesivinini esiphezulu.
Ama-EV amagiya amaningi awavamile, futhi namuhla, yi-Audi e-tron GT kanye ne-Porsche Taycan kuphela asebenzisa ukuthunyelwa kwamagiya amabili.
Izinhlobo ezintathu zeMoto
Izalwe ngekhulu le-19, i-rotor ye-induction motor iqukethe izendlalelo ezinde noma imicu yezinto eziphathekayo, ngokuvamile ithusi futhi ngezinye izikhathi i-aluminium.Inkambu yakazibuthe ezungezayo ye-stator yenza i-current kulawa mashidi, yona idale inkambu kazibuthe kagesi (EMF) eqala ukujikeleza ngaphakathi kwendawo kazibuthe ye-stator ezungezisayo.
Ama-motor induction abizwa ngokuthi ama-asynchronous motors ngoba inkambu ye-electromagnetic eyenziwe kanye ne-torque ejikelezayo ingakhiqizwa kuphela lapho isivinini se-rotor silele ngemuva kwensimu yamagnetic ejikelezayo.Lezi zinhlobo zamamotho zivamile ngoba azidingi ozibuthe abangavamile futhi zibiza kancane ukuze zenziwe.Kodwa awakwazi ukukhipha ukushisa emithwalweni ephezulu eqhubekayo, futhi awasebenzi kahle ngokwemvelo ngesivinini esiphansi.
I-Permanent magnet motor, njengoba negama libonisa, i-rotor yayo inozibuthe wayo futhi ayidingi amandla okudala insimu kazibuthe ye-rotor.Zisebenza kahle kakhulu ngesivinini esiphansi.I-rotor enjalo iphinde ijikeleze ngokuhambisana nensimu yamagnetic ejikelezayo ye-stator, ngakho ibizwa ngokuthi i-synchronous motor.
Kodwa-ke, ukumane ukusonga i-rotor ngozibuthe kunezinkinga zako.Okokuqala, lokhu kudinga ozibuthe abakhulu, futhi ngesisindo esengeziwe, kungaba nzima ukugcina ukuvumelanisa ngesivinini esikhulu.Kodwa inkinga enkulu yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi "i-EMF" yesivinini esiphezulu, okwandisa ukudonsa, umkhawulo wamandla aphezulu, futhi ikhiqize ukushisa okweqile okungalimaza odonsa.
Ukuze kuxazululwe le nkinga, izinjini eziningi zikazibuthe ezihlala unomphela zemoto kagesi zinamazibuthe angaphakathi ahlala njalo (ama-IPM) ashelela ngamabili emiseleni emide emise okwe-V, ehlelwe ngama-lobe amaningi ngaphansi komgogodla wensimbi we-rotor.
I-V-groove igcina omazibuthe abangunaphakade bephephile ngesivinini esikhulu, kodwa idala i-torque emadolonzima phakathi kozibuthe.Omazibuthe bakhangwa noma baxoshwe abanye odonsa, kodwa ukungabaza okuvamile, kudonsela izimbotshana zerotha yensimbi endaweni yamagnetic ezungezayo.
Ozibuthe baphakade bangena ngesivinini esiphansi, kuyilapho i-torque yokungabaza ithatha isivinini esikhulu.I-Prius isetshenziswa kulesi sakhiwo.
Uhlobo lokugcina lwemoto ejabulile lwamanje lusanda kuvela ezimotweni zikagesi. Zombili lezi ezingenhla zingama-motorless brushless. Ubuhlakani obujwayelekile bubamba ukuthi ama-brushless motors ukuphela kwendlela esebenzayo yezimoto zikagesi.Futhi abakwaBMW basanda kuphambana nenkambiso futhi bafake amamotho e-AC ehambisanayo e-brushed current-excited modeli entsha ye-i4 ne-iX.
Irotha yalolu hlobo lwemoto isebenzisana nenkundla kazibuthe ezungezayo ye-stator, efana ncamashi nerotor kazibuthe ehlala unomphela, kodwa esikhundleni sokuba nozibuthe unomphela, isebenzisa izimbobo zethusi ezibanzi eziyisithupha ezisebenzisa amandla ebhethri le-DC ukuze kwakhiwe insimu edingekayo ye-electromagnetic. .
Lokhu kudinga izindandatho ze-slip namabhulashi entwasahlobo ukuze kufakwe ku-rotor shaft, ngakho abanye abantu besaba ukuthi amabhulashi azogqoka futhi aqongelele uthuli futhi alahle le ndlela.Ngenkathi ibhulashi livalwe endaweni evalekile enekhava ekhiphekayo, kusazobonakala ukuthi ukugqokwa kwebhulashi kuyinkinga yini.
Ukungabi bikho kwezibuthe ezihlala njalo kugwema ukukhuphuka kwezindleko zomhlaba ongavamile kanye nomthelela wemvelo wezimayini.Lesi sixazululo futhi senza kube nokwenzeka ukuhluka amandla kazibuthe we-rotor, ngaleyo ndlela unike amandla ukuthuthukiswa okwengeziwe.Noma kunjalo, ukunika amandla i-rotor kusadla amandla athile, okwenza lawa ma-motor angasebenzi kahle, ikakhulukazi ngesivinini esiphansi, lapho amandla adingekayo ukudala insimu kazibuthe iyingxenye enkulu yokusetshenziswa okuphelele.
Emlandweni omfushane wezimoto zikagesi, ama-AC synchronous motors amanje ajabulile asemusha, futhi sisenendawo enkulu yokuthi imibono emisha ithuthuke, futhi kube nezinguquko ezinkulu, njengokuhamba kukaTesla kusuka emiqondweni ye-induction motor kuya unomphela. ozibuthe motor synchronous.Futhi singaphansi kweminyaka eyishumi enkathini ye-EV yesimanje, futhi sisaqala.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jan-21-2023