Kulo nyaka, ngaphezu kwe-MG (SAIC)kanye ne-Xpeng Motors, okuyintoekuqaleni zathengiswa eYurophu, zombili i-NIO kanye ne-BYD zisebenzise imakethe yaseYurophu njengesisekelo esikhulu.I-logic enkulu icacile:
●Amazwe amakhulu ase-Europe i-Germany, i-France, i-Italy kanye namazwe amaningi aseNtshonalanga Yurophu anoxhaso, futhi amazwe ase-Nordic azoba nemihlomulo yentela ngemva kokuphela koxhaso. Amamodeli afanayo angaba nenani eliphakeme e-Europe kunase-China, futhi angenziwa e-China futhi athunyelwe eYurophu ngenani eliphansi.
●Izinhlobo ezikhangiswa yizinkampani zezimoto zase-Europe eChina, kusukela kwaBBA kuya kwaVolkswagen, Toyota, Honda nezimoto zaseFrance, zonke ziyibonile inkinga. Ukuphindaphinda kuhamba kancane, intengo iphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa, futhi kukhona igebe phakathi kokuncintisana kwethu nokushintshashintsha.
▲Umfanekiso 1. Ukuthengiswa kwezinkampani zezimoto eYurophu ngo-2022
Futhi muva nje, uMongameli we-ACEA kanye ne-CEO ye-BMW u-Oliver Zipse uke waphawula: "Ukuze siqinisekise ukubuyela ekukhuleni kanye nemakethe enkulu ekuthengisweni kwezimoto zikagesi, i-Europe idinga ngokuphuthumayo ukusungula izimo zohlaka ezifanele, i-European supply chain. . Ukuqina, umthetho we-EU Critical Raw Materials Act wokuqinisekisa ukufinyelela okubalulekile ezintweni zokusetshenziswa ezidingekayo ezimotweni zikagesi, kanye nokukhishwa okusheshisiwe kwengqalasizinda eshajayo. Izehlakalo ezinkulu kule minyaka embalwa edlule, njengeBrexit, ubhubhane lwe-coronavirus, izingqinamba zokuhlinzekwa kwe-semiconductor kanye nempi yaseRussia-Ukraine, Lezi zenzakalo zibe nomthelela emananini nasekunikezeni amandla, kanye nesivinini, ukujula kanye nokungaqiniseki umhlaba okhona ngakho. ukushintsha. Lokhu kusebenza ikakhulukazi esimweni se-geopolitical, lapho izimboni namaketanga azo amanani ahlanganiswe ngokuqinile enomthelela oqondile. "
Ukukubeka kalula, imikhawulo ehlukahlukene yokulawula eYurophu inomthelela omkhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwezinkampani zezimoto zaseYurophu. Ihlanganiswe nezinqubomgomo ezahlukahlukene, imboni yezimoto yaseYurophu isesikhathini esibuthakathaka.I-ACEA ibuyekeze isibikezelo sayo sokuqala sokuthi imakethe yezimoto ye-EU izobuyela ekukhuleni ngo-2022, ibikezela okunye ukuncishiswa kulo nyaka, kwehle ngo-1% kuya ku-9.6 million amayunithi.Uma kuqhathaniswa nezibalo zika-2019, ukuthengiswa kwezimoto kwehle ngo-26% eminyakeni emithathu nje kuphela.
▲Umfanekiso 2.Ukuthengiswa kwezimoto eYurophu
Eqinisweni, uma izinkampani zezimoto zaseChina zingena e-Europe ngalesi sikhathi, azazi ukuthi zenza malini ngokwenzuzo yezomnotho, kodwa izinselelo zendawo zizoba zinkulu.Uzuza izigidigidi, futhi izinkinga ze-geopolitical ezilethwa zingadinga ukuhlolwa ngokucophelela. Lokhu kufana nesimo sezinkampani zezimoto zaseJapan ezingena emakethe yase-US.Into okumele uyiqaphele ukuthi ukuhlobana phakathi kwenani labantu abaqashwayo kanye nemboni yezimoto eYurophu, kanye nezinkinga zezomnotho ezalandela kanye ne-ZZ zinomsuka ofanayo.
▲Umfanekiso 3.Izinkinga zokuqashwa zihlobene ngqo nezepolitiki eYurophu
Ingxenye 1
Ukuvela kwemboni yezimoto emhlabeni wonke
Njengoba amazwe akhiqiza izimoto eqhudelana ngemakethe ngokumelene nesizinda sokwehla kwesidingo sezimoto emhlabeni wonke, kwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla.Wonke ukuncintisana kusuka emikhiqizweni yezimoto kuya emqhudelwaneni wemakethe akunakugwenywa, futhi kulula ukuncintisana emakethe yasekhaya.
▲Umfanekiso 4.Isimo sokukhiqizwa kwezimoto emhlabeni jikelele
Sibona inselelo enkulu ikakhulukazi eYurophu, lapho ungabona ngezansi, ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto zaseYurophu kwehle iminyaka emi-4 ilandelana.
▲Umfanekiso 5.Ukubuka konke kokukhiqizwa kwezimoto zaseYurophu
Ngo-2021, i-EU izothumela ngaphandle izimoto zabagibeli eziyizigidi ezi-5.1, kanti izimoto zabagibeli ze-EU zisezindaweni eziyi-10 ezihamba phambili emhlabeni.(UK, US, China, Turkey, Ukraine, Switzerland, Japan, South Korea, Norway kanye namazwe aseMpumalanga Ephakathi).
Ngokuphambene nokucabanga kwawo wonke umuntu, isibalo sezimoto ezithunyelwa zisuka e-Europe ziye eChina zingu-410,000 kuphela ngonyaka.Ingase yehle ngo-2022. Ekuhlaziyeni kokugcina, amalungelo nezintshisekelo zemboni yezimoto yase-Europe e-China igxile kakhulu ekutshalweni kwezimali kwasendaweni kwemboni yezimoto yaseJalimane, kanye nezinye izimoto ezivela kwamanye amazwe.
▲Umfanekiso 6.Ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwezinkampani zezimoto zaseYurophu
Ngokusho kwedatha ye-IHS, kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya ku-Agasti 2022, ukuthengiswa kwezimoto zabagibeli zamandla amasha emhlabeni kufinyelele amayunithi ayizigidi ezingu-7.83, futhi izimoto ezintsha zaseShayina zabagibeli ezinamandla zibalelwa ku-38.6% wemakethe; I-Europe ibiyimakethe yesibili ngobukhulu, enesabelo semakethe esingu-27.2%.Phakathi kwazo, ukuthengiswa komhlaba wonke kwezimoto zabagibeli ezisebenza ngogesi ezihlanzekile bekungamayunithi ayizigidi ezi-5.05, kanti izimoto zabagibeli ezisebenza ngogesi zaseChina zilinganiselwa ku-46.2%; I-Europe ibiyimakethe yesibili ngobukhulu emhlabeni, inesabelo semakethe esingu-21.8%.
Ingxenye 2
Izinkampani zezimoto zaseChina eYurophu
Siyabona ukuthi izinkampani zezimoto ezintsha zaseShayina zisasebenza kakhulu eYurophu ngalesi sikhathi:
●Engxenyeni yesibili yonyaka, i-BYD yamemezela ukusebenzisana no-Hedin Mobility, iqembu elihamba phambili labathengisi embonini yaseYurophu, ukuhlinzeka ngemikhiqizo emisha yezimoto zamandla ezimakethe zaseSweden naseJalimane.
●Ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba, i-NIO yabamba umcimbi we-NIO Berlin 2022 e-Berlin, imemezela ngokusemthethweni ukuthi izosebenzisa imodeli yokubhalisela entsha ukuze inikeze izinsiza zesistimu egcwele eJalimane, eNetherlands, eDenmark naseSweden, futhi ivule i-ET7, EL7 kanye I-ET5 amamodeli eplathifomu amathathu e-NIO NT2. Ukubhuka.
Eqinisweni, sibona izinhlobo zamaShayina i-MG, Chase kuhlanganise ne-Geely's Polestar zonke zithengiswa eYurophu.Ukuqonda kwami ukuthi, uma ufuna ukuhlala emakethe eYurophu, indlela yokungena ibaluleke kakhulu.
I-Europe iphinde yamemezela Imithetho Yebhethri ye-EU, ehlanganisa zonke izigaba zomjikelezo wempilo yebhethri: kusukela ekukhiqizweni nasekucutshungulweni kwezinto ezingavuthiwe zebhethri, ekusetshenzisweni kwemikhiqizo yebhethri, kuya ekugayweni kabusha kwamabhethri angasekho nasekupheleni kwempilo.Ukusabela ezidingweni ezintsha ezibekwe emithethweni emisha, amabhizinisi adinga ukuthatha izinyathelo ezifika ngesikhathi ekuthuthukisweni komkhiqizo, ekuthengeni impahla eluhlaza kanye nokuphathwa kochungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwempahla, futhi bakhe futhi basebenzise izinhlelo zokusabela zesikhathi esimaphakathi nezesikhathi eside.Eqinisweni, lo mthetho webhethri uzoletha izinselelo eziningi ochungechungeni lwenani lebhethri, ikakhulukazi izimoto zamandla amasha kanye nabakhiqizi bebhethri lamandla ukungena emakethe ye-EU.
▲ Umfanekiso 7. Imithetho yebhethri yaseYurophu
UMongameli weKhomishini yaseYurophu u-von der Leyen uthe ngoSepthemba ukuthi i-EU idinga ukuqinisa ubudlelwano namazwe athembekile kanye nezifunda ezibalulekile zokukhula, futhi iqinisekise ukuhlinzekwa kwe-lithium nomhlaba ongavamile ukuze kuqhutshekwe noguquko oluya emnothweni oluhlaza.Uzophusha ukuthi kugunyazwe izivumelwano zokuhwebelana neChile, Mexico kanye ne-New Zealand, futhi asebenzele ukuqhubekisela phambili izingxoxo nabalingani abanjengo-Australia ne-India.I-EU idinga ukugwema ukuncika kuwoyela negesi ekushintsheni emnothweni oluhlaza, waveza ukuthi njengamanje sicubungula amaphesenti angama-90 omhlaba ongavamile kanye no-60% we-lithium.I-European Commission izokwethula umthetho omusha, iI-European Critical Raw Materials Act, ukuhlonza amaphrojekthi amasu angaba khona kanye nokwakha izinqolobane ezindaweni ezisengozini yokuphakelwa.Ukuthi izoba njenge-IRA e-United States ngokuzayo, sonke sidinga ukuxoxa.
▲Umfanekiso 8.Izwe selishintshile
Indaba efingqiwe: Ngokwenkomba yakho, ngizwa sengathi umgwaqo obheke ekuthuthukeni kwemboni ugcwele ameva futhi awukwazi ukujahwa okwesikhashana.Kudingeka kube nombono ophelele wenkinga.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-15-2022