0.Isingeniso
I-No-load current kanye nokulahlekelwa kwe-cage-type three-phase asynchronous motor yimingcele ebalulekile ebonisa ukusebenza kahle nokusebenza kukagesi kwemoto. Ziyizinkomba zedatha ezingakalwa ngokuqondile endaweni yokusetshenziswa ngemva kokwakhiwa nokulungiswa kwemoto. Ibonisa izingxenye eziyinhloko ze-motor ngezinga elithile - Izinga lenqubo yokuklama kanye nekhwalithi yokukhiqiza ye-stator ne-rotor, okwamanje akukho mthwalo kuthinta ngokuqondile isici samandla we-motor; ukulahlekelwa okungalayishiwe kuhlobene eduze nokusebenza kahle kwenjini, futhi kuyinto yokuhlola enembile kakhulu yokuhlolwa kokuqala kokusebenza kwemoto ngaphambi kokuba injini iqale ukusebenza ngokusemthethweni.
1.Izinto ezithinta ukungabikho komthwalo wamanje nokulahlekelwa kwenjini
Amandla amanje angenamthwalo wenjini yohlobo lwe-squirrel yesigaba sesithathu asynchronous ikakhulukazi ihlanganisa amandla ashukumisayo kanye namandla asebenzayo lapho ungalayishi, cishe u-90% wawo ungumthombo wenjabulo, osetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza insimu yamagnetic ejikelezayo futhi ithathwa njengeyamanje esebenzayo, ethinta isici samandla i-COSφ yenjini. Ubukhulu bayo buhlobene ne-motor terminal voltage kanye nobuningi be-magnetic flux yomklamo we-iron core; ngesikhathi sokuklama, uma ubukhulu be-magnetic flux bukhethwa buphezulu kakhulu noma i-voltage iphakeme kune-voltage elinganiselwe lapho injini isebenza, i-iron core izogcwala, i-excitation current izokhula kakhulu, futhi okuhambisanayo akunalutho I-current load inkulu. futhi isici samandla siphansi, ngakho ukulahlekelwa okungenamthwalo kukhulu.Okusele10%kuyinto yamanje esebenzayo, esetshenziselwa ukulahlekelwa kwamandla okuhlukahlukene ngesikhathi sokungalayishi futhi ithinta ukusebenza kahle kwemoto.Emotweni ene-cross-section evundlile engaguquki, i-current no-load ye-motor inkulu, i-current esebenzayo evunyelwe ukugeleza izoncishiswa, futhi umthamo womthwalo we-motor uzoncishiswa.Umthamo wamanje ongalayishi we-cage-type three-phase asynchronous motor ngokuvamileU-30% kuya ku-70% wamanje olinganiselwe, futhi ukulahlekelwa ngu-3% kuya ku-8% wamandla alinganiselwe. Phakathi kwazo, ukulahlekelwa kwethusi kwamamotho amancane anamandla kubangela ingxenye enkulu, futhi ukulahlekelwa kwensimbi yamamotho anamandla amakhulu kubalwa ingxenye enkulu. ngaphezulu.Ukulahlekelwa okungalayishiwe kwamamotho amakhulu osayizi wozimele ukulahlekelwa okuyinhloko, okuhlanganisa ukulahlekelwa kwe-hysteresis nokulahlekelwa kwamanje kwe-eddy.Ukulahlekelwa kwe-Hysteresis kuhambisana nokokusebenza okuvunyelekayo kazibuthe kanye nesikwele sokuminyana kazibuthe. Ukulahlekelwa kwamanje kwe-Eddy kulinganiselwe nesikwele sokuminyana kazibuthe, isikwele sogqinsi lwezinto ezikwazi ukuvunyeleka, isikwele sefrikhwensi kanye nokungena kazibuthe. Ngokulingana nobukhulu bento.Ngaphezu kokulahlekelwa okuyinhloko, kukhona nokulahlekelwa kwenjabulo kanye nokulahlekelwa kwemishini.Lapho i-motor inokulahlekelwa okukhulu okungenamthwalo, imbangela yokuhluleka kwemoto ingatholakala kulezi zici ezilandelayo.I-1) Umhlangano ongalungile, ukujikeleza kwe-rotor okungaguquki, ikhwalithi ephansi yokuthwala, amafutha amaningi kakhulu kuma-bearings, njll., kubangela ukulahlekelwa kwemishini ngokweqile. 2) Ukusebenzisa isiphephetha-moya esikhulu ngokungalungile noma isiphephetha-moya esinama-blade amaningi kuzokwandisa ukungqubuzana komoya. I-3 ) Ikhwalithi yeshidi lensimbi ye-silicon core ayilungile. I-4) Ubude obunganele bomnyombo noma i-lamination engalungile ibangela ubude obunganele obusebenzayo, okuholela ekulahlekeni okukhulayo nokulahlekelwa kwensimbi. I-5 ) Ngenxa yokucindezela okukhulu phakathi ne-lamination, ungqimba lwe-insulation ye-core silicon steel sheet lwachotshozwa noma ukusebenza kokufakwa kwe-insulation layer kwasekuqaleni akuzange kuhlangabezane nezidingo.
Injini eyodwa ye-YZ250S-4/16-H, enesistimu kagesi engu-690V/50HZ , amandla angu-30KW/14.5KW , namandla amanje alinganiselwe angu-35.2A/58.1A. Ngemva kokuqedwa komklamo nokuhlanganisa kokuqala, ukuhlolwa kwenziwa. I-4- pole no-load current yayingu-11.5A, futhi ukulahlekelwa kube ngu-1.6KW, evamile. I-16- pole no-load yamanje ingu-56.5A kanti ukulahlekelwa okungenamthwalo ngu-35KW. Kucatshangwa ukuthi i-16-i-pole no-load current inkulu futhi ukulahlekelwa okungenamthwalo kukhulu kakhulu.Le moto iyisistimu yokusebenza yesikhashana,egijima ku10/5 min.I-16-I-pole motor isebenza ngaphandle komthwalo cishe1umzuzu. Imoto iyashisa futhi iyabhema.Injini yahlakazwa futhi yaklanywa kabusha, futhi yaphinde yahlolwa ngemva komklamo wesibili.I-4-Pole akukho-load yamanjengo-10.7Afuthi ukulahlekelwa1.4KW,okuyinto evamile;ibe 16-pole no-load lamanje kuyinto46Akanye nokulahlekelwa okungalayishiweamandla angu-18.2 kW. Kubhekwa ukuthi i-no-load current inkulu futhi ayilayishiwe Ukulahlekelwa kusekukhulu kakhulu. Ukuhlolwa komthwalo olinganiselwe kwenziwa. Amandla okokufaka ayengu33.4KW, amandla okukhiphaamandla angu-14.5 kW, kanye namandla okusebenzango-52.3A, eyayingaphansi kwamandla enjinikwe 58.1A. Uma ihlolwe ngokusekelwe kwesimanje kuphela, i-no-load current ibifaneleka.Nokho, kusobala ukuthi ukulahlekelwa okungenamthwalo kukhulu kakhulu. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, uma ukulahlekelwa okukhiqizwa lapho injini isebenza kuguqulwa kube amandla okushisa, izinga lokushisa lengxenye ngayinye yemoto lizokhuphuka ngokushesha okukhulu. Ukuhlolwa kwe-no-load operation kwenziwa futhi injini yabhema ngemva kokugijima ama-2imizuzu.Ngemva kokushintsha umklamo okwesithathu, ukuhlolwa kwaphindwa.I-4-i-pole no-load currentkwakungu-10.5Afuthi ukulahlekelwa kwaba1.35KW, okwakuvamile;ibe 16-Pole akukho-load yamanjeibe 30Akanye nokulahlekelwa okungalayishiweamandla angu-11.3 kW. Kwanqunywa ukuthi i-no-load current incane kakhulu futhi ukulahlekelwa okungenamthwalo kwakusekukhulu kakhulu. , yenze ukuhlolwa kokusebenza okungalayishiwe, nangemuva kokusebenzango3imizuzu, injini yashisa kakhulu futhi yabhema.Ngemva kokuklama kabusha, ukuhlolwa kwenziwa.I-4- i-pole ayishintshile,ibe 16-Pole akukho-load yamanjengi 26a, kanye nokulahlekelwa okungalayishiwengi 2360w. Kwahlulelwa ukuthi i-no-load yamanje incane kakhulu, ukulahlekelwa okungenamthwalo kuyinto evamile, futhiibe 16-i-pole igijima5imizuzu ngaphandle komthwalo, okuyinto evamile.Kungabonakala ukuthi ukulahlekelwa okungekho umthwalo kuthinta ngokuqondile ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa kwemoto.
2.Izici eziyinhloko ezithonya ukulahleka kwe-motor core
Ekulahlekeni kwe-low-voltage, amandla aphezulu kanye ne-high-voltage motor, ukulahleka kwe-motor core kuyisici esibalulekile esithinta ukusebenza kahle. Ukulahleka kwe-motor core kubandakanya ukulahleka kwensimbi okuyisisekelo okubangelwa izinguquko endaweni enkulu kazibuthe kumongo, ukulahlekelwa okwengeziwe (noma okulahlekile)endaweni ephakathi ngesikhathi sokungalayishi,kanye nokuvuza kwezindawo kazibuthe nama-harmonics okubangelwa ukusebenza kwamanje kwe-stator noma i-rotor. Ukulahlekelwa okubangelwa izizinda kazibuthe kumongo wensimbi.Ukulahleka kwe-iron okuyisisekelo kwenzeka ngenxa yezinguquko endaweni enkulu kazibuthe kumongo wensimbi.Lolu shintsho lungaba lwemvelo yamagnetization eshintshanayo, njengokuthi kwenzekani kumazinyo e-stator noma e-rotor enjini; kungase futhi kube okwemvelo yamagnetization ejikelezayo, njengokuthi kwenzekani ku-stator noma ijoka lensimbi ye-rotor yemoto.Noma ngabe i-alternating magnetization noma i-rotational magnetization, i-hysteresis kanye nokulahlekelwa kwamanje kwe-eddy kuzobangelwa kumongo wensimbi.Ukulahlekelwa okuyisisekelo kuncike kakhulu ekulahlekeni kwensimbi eyisisekelo. Ukulahlekelwa okuyinhloko kukhulu, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuchezuka kwempahla eklanyweni noma izici eziningi ezingezinhle ekukhiqizeni, okuholela ekuqineni okukhulu kazibuthe, isifunda esifushane phakathi kwamashidi ensimbi ye-silicon, kanye nokwanda okufihliwe kobukhulu bensimbi ye-silicon. amashidi. .Izinga le-silicon steel sheet alihlangabezani nezidingo. Njengento eyinhloko yamagnetic conductive yenjini, ukuthobela ukusebenza kweshidi lensimbi ye-silicon kunomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kwenjini. Lapho uklama, kuqinisekiswa ngokuyinhloko ukuthi ibanga le-silicon steel sheet lihlangabezana nezidingo zokuklama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinga elifanayo le-silicon steel sheet livela kubakhiqizi abahlukene. Kunomehluko othize ezintweni ezibonakalayo. Lapho ukhetha izinto zokwakha, kufanele uzame konke okusemandleni akho ukukhetha izinto ezivela kubakhiqizi bensimbi be-silicon abahle.Isisindo somgogodla wensimbi asanele futhi izingcezu azihlanganisiwe. Isisindo se-iron core asanele, okuholela ekulahlekelweni kwensimbi ngokweqile kwamanje kanye nokudlulele.Uma ishidi le-silicon steel lipendwe liqine kakhulu, isekethe kazibuthe izogcwala ngokweqile. Ngalesi sikhathi, ijika lobudlelwano phakathi kwe-no-load current kanye ne-voltage izogoba kakhulu.Ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa nokucutshungulwa kwe-iron core, ukuqondiswa kokusanhlamvu kwendawo yokubhoboza yeshidi lensimbi ye-silicon kuzolimala, okuzoholela ekwenyukeni kokulahlekelwa kwensimbi ngaphansi kokungeniswa kwamagnetic okufanayo. Kumamotho amafrikhwensi aguquguqukayo, ukulahleka kwensimbi okwengeziwe okubangelwa ama-harmonics kufanele futhi kucatshangelwe; yilokhu okufanele kucatshangelwe ohlelweni lokuklama. Kucatshangelwe zonke izici.okunye.Ngaphezu kwalezi zici ezingenhla, inani lokuklama lokulahlekelwa kwensimbi ye-motor kufanele lisekelwe ekukhiqizeni kwangempela kanye nokucutshungulwa kwe-iron core, futhi uzame ukufanisa inani lethiyori nenani langempela.Amajika esici ahlinzekwa abahlinzeki bezinto ezijwayelekile akalwa ngendlela ye-Epstein square circle, futhi izikhombisi-ndlela zikazibuthe zezingxenye ezahlukene zemoto zihlukile. Lokhu kulahlekelwa kwensimbi okukhethekile akunakwa okwamanje.Lokhu kuzoholela ekuphambeni phakathi kwamanani abaliwe namanani akalwayo ukuya kumazinga ahlukahlukene.
3.Umthelela wokwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa kwemoto esakhiweni sokufakelwa
Inqubo yokushisisa nokupholisa yemoto iyinkimbinkimbi, futhi izinga lokushisa layo liyakhuphuka lishintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ejikeni lomchazi.Ukuze uvimbele ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa kwe-motor ekudluleleni kwezidingo ezijwayelekile, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukulahlekelwa okukhiqizwa yi-motor kuyancishiswa; ngakolunye uhlangothi, amandla okukhipha ukushisa kwemoto ayanda.Njengoba umthamo wemoto eyodwa ukhula usuku nosuku, ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lokupholisa nokwandisa amandla okukhipha ukushisa kube yizinyathelo ezibalulekile zokuthuthukisa ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa kwemoto.
Lapho injini isebenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezilinganiselwe isikhathi eside futhi izinga lokushisa layo lifinyelela ukuzinza, inani elivunyelwe lomkhawulo lokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa lengxenye ngayinye yemoto libizwa ngokuthi umkhawulo wokwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa.Umkhawulo wokwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa wenjini ubalulwe ezindinganisweni zikazwelonke.Umkhawulo wokwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa ngokuyisisekelo uncike emazingeni aphezulu okushisa avunyelwe yisakhiwo sokufakelwa kanye nezinga lokushisa lendawo yokupholisa, kodwa futhi uhlobene nezici ezifana nendlela yokulinganisa izinga lokushisa, ukudluliswa kokushisa nezimo zokukhishwa kokushisa kokusonteka, kanye amandla okugeleza kokushisa avunyelwe ukukhiqizwa.Izakhiwo zemishini, zikagesi, ezibonakalayo nezinye zezinto ezisetshenziswa esakhiweni sokufakwa kwe-motor winding izowohloka kancane kancane ngaphansi kwethonya lokushisa. Lapho izinga lokushisa likhuphuka lifinyelela ezingeni elithile, izakhiwo ze-insulation material zizobhekana nezinguquko ezibalulekile, ngisho Nokulahlekelwa ikhono lokuvikela.Kubuchwepheshe bukagesi, izinhlaka zokuvikela noma ukufakwa kwezinsimbi ezimotweni nasezintweni zikagesi zivame ukuhlukaniswa ngamamaki amaningana amelana nokushisa ngokuya ngamazinga azo okushisa aphezulu.Uma isakhiwo noma uhlelo lusebenza ezingeni lokushisa elihambisanayo isikhathi eside, ngokuvamile ngeke lukhiqize izinguquko zokusebenza okungadingekile.Izakhiwo ezivalelayo zebanga elithile elikwazi ukumelana nokushisa kungenzeka zingasebenzisi zonke izinto zokuvikela zebanga elifanayo elikwazi ukumelana nokushisa. Ibanga elimelana nokushisa lesakhiwo sokufakwa ngaphakathi lihlolwa ngokucophelela ngokwenza izivivinyo zokulingisa kumodeli yesakhiwo esisetshenzisiwe.Isakhiwo se-insulating sisebenza ngaphansi kwamazinga okushisa acacisiwe futhi singafinyelela impilo yesevisi eyongayo.Ukutholwa kwethiyori kanye nokwenza kufakazele ukuthi kunobudlelwano obucacile phakathi kwempilo yesevisi yesakhiwo sokufakelwa kanye nezinga lokushisa, ngakho-ke kuzwela kakhulu izinga lokushisa.Kwamanye amamotho anenhloso ekhethekile, uma impilo yawo yesevisi ingadingeki ukuthi ibe yinde kakhulu, ukuze kuncishiswe usayizi wenjini, izinga lokushisa elivunyelwe lemoto linganyuswa ngokusekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho noma idatha yokuhlola.Nakuba izinga lokushisa lendawo yokupholisa lihluka ngesistimu yokupholisa kanye nendawo yokupholisa esetshenziswayo, kumasistimu okupholisa ahlukahlukene asetshenziswayo njengamanje, izinga lokushisa lendawo yokupholisa lincike ngokuyisisekelo ekushiseni komkhathi, futhi ngokwezinombolo liyafana nezinga lokushisa lomkhathi. Kakhulu okufanayo.Izindlela ezihlukene zokulinganisa izinga lokushisa zizophumela ekwehlukeni okuhlukene phakathi kwezinga lokushisa elilinganisiwe kanye nezinga lokushisa lendawo eshisa kakhulu engxenyeni elinganiswayo. Izinga lokushisa lendawo eshisa kakhulu engxenyeni elinganiswayo liyisihluthulelo sokwahlulela ukuthi injini ingasebenza ngokuphepha yini isikhathi eside.Kwezinye izimo ezikhethekile, umkhawulo wokwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa we-motor winding ngokuvamile awunqunywa ngokuphelele izinga lokushisa eliphakeme elivumelekile lesakhiwo sokufakelwa esisetshenzisiwe, kodwa ezinye izici kufanele zicatshangelwe.Ukwenyusa izinga lokushisa kwama-motor windings ngokuvamile kusho ukwanda kokulahleka kwezimoto kanye nokwehla kokusebenza kahle.Ukwanda kwezinga lokushisa elimazombezombe kuzobangela ukwanda kokucindezeleka okushisayo ezintweni zezingxenye ezithile ezihlobene.Ezinye, njengezakhiwo ze-dielectric ze-insulation namandla emishini yezinto zensimbi ze-conductor, zizoba nemiphumela emibi; kungase kubangele ubunzima ekusebenzeni kwe-bearing lubrication system.Ngakho-ke, nakuba amanye ama-motor windings okwamanje amukela i-ClassF noma Izakhiwo ze-Insulation Class H, imikhawulo yazo yokwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa isahambisana nemithetho Yesigaba B. Lokhu akugcini nje ukucabangela ezinye zezici ezingenhla, kodwa futhi kwandisa ukuthembeka kwe-motor ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa. Kuzuzisa kakhulu futhi kunganweba impilo yesevisi yemoto.
4.Ekuphetheni
Ukulahlekelwa kwamanje nokungabikho komthwalo wekheji yesigaba sesithathu se-asynchronous motor kubonisa ukunyuka kwezinga lokushisa, ukusebenza kahle, isici samandla, ikhono lokuqala nezinye izinkomba zokusebenza eziyinhloko zenjini ngezinga elithile. Ukuthi ufanelekile noma cha kuthinta ngqo ukusebenza kwemoto.Izisebenzi zaselabhorethri yesondlo kufanele zilawule imithetho yomkhawulo, ziqinisekise ukuthi izinjini eziqeqeshiwe ziyaphuma embonini, zenze izinqumo kumamotho angafaneleki, futhi zilungise ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izinkomba zokusebenza kwezinjini ziyahlangabezana nezidingo zamazinga omkhiqizo.a
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-16-2023