Iyini injini esebenza kahle kakhulu? Injini evamile: I-70% ~ 95% yamandla kagesi amuncwa injini iguqulwa ibe amandla emishini (inani lokusebenza kahle liyinkomba ebalulekile yemoto), kanti ama-30% ~ 5% asele asetshenziswa amandla kagesi. injini ngokwayo ngenxa yokukhiqiza ukushisa, ukulahlekelwa kwemishini, njll. Ngakho le ngxenye yamandla iyachithwa. Injini esebenza kahle kakhulu: isho injini enezinga eliphezulu lokusebenzisa amandla, futhi ukusebenza kahle kwayo kufanele kuhlangabezane nezidingo ezifanele zezinga lokusebenzisa amandla. Kumamotho ajwayelekile, konke ukwanda kokusebenza kahle kwe-1% akuwona umsebenzi olula, futhi izinto zizokhula kakhulu. Lapho ukusebenza kahle kwezimoto kufinyelela inani elithile, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kungakanani okungeziwe, akukwazi ukuthuthukiswa. Iningi lama-motor asebenza kahle kakhulu emakethe namuhla yisizukulwane esisha se-asynchronous motors ezigaba ezintathu, okusho ukuthi isimiso esiyisisekelo sokusebenza asishintshile. Izinjini ezisebenza kahle kakhulu zithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokuphumayo ngokunciphisa ukulahleka kwamandla kagesi, amandla okushisa namandla emishini ngokwamukela idizayini entsha yemoto, ubuchwepheshe obusha nezinto ezintsha. Uma kuqhathaniswa namamotho ajwayelekile, umphumela wokonga amandla wokusebenzisa izinjini ezisebenza kahle kakhulu usobala kakhulu. Imvamisa, ukusebenza kahle kunganyuswa ngesilinganiso sika-3% kuye ku-5%. Ezweni lami, ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kagesi kuhlukaniswe ngamazinga ama-3, lapho ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kweleveli 1 kuphakeme kakhulu. Ezicelweni zangempela zobunjiniyela, imvamisa, injini esebenza kahle kakhulu ibhekisa kumotho amandla ayo asebenza kahle ahlangabezana nenqubo kazwelonke eyimpoqo ye-GB 18613-2020 “Imikhawulo Yokusebenza Kwamandla kanye NamaBanga Asebenza Kahle Amandla E-Electric Motors” nangaphezulu kwenkomba yokusebenza kahle kwamandla kweLeveli 2, noma ifakwe kukhathalogi "Yemikhiqizo Eyonga Amandla Ezuzisa Iphrojekthi Yabantu" ingabhekwa futhi njengehlangabezana nezimfuneko zamamotho asebenza kahle kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, umehluko phakathi kwama-motor asebenza kahle kakhulu kanye nama-motor ajwayelekile ubonakala ngokuyinhloko kumaphuzu amabili: 1. Ukusebenza kahle. Amamotho asebenza kahle kakhulu anciphisa ukulahlekelwa ngokuthatha izinombolo ze-stator ne-rotor slot ezinengqondo, amapharamitha wabalandeli, nama-windings e-sinusoidal. Ukusebenza kahle kungcono kunaleyo yamamotho ajwayelekile. Izinjini ezisebenza kahle kakhulu ziphakeme ngo-3% kunamamotho ajwayelekile ngokwesilinganiso, kanti amamotho asebenza kahle kakhulu acishe abe ngu-5% ngaphezulu ngokwesilinganiso. . 2. Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla. Uma kuqhathaniswa namamotho ajwayelekile, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwamamotho asebenza kahle kakhulu kuncipha cishe ngama-20% ngokwesilinganiso, kanti ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okusebenza kahle kakhulu kwehliswe ngamaphesenti angaphezu kwama-30 uma kuqhathaniswa namamotho ajwayelekile. Njengemishini kagesi esetshenziswa kakhulu esetshenziswa kakhulu ezweni lami, izinjini zisetshenziswa kakhulu kumaphampu, amafeni, ama-compressor, imishini yokudlulisa, njll., futhi ukusetshenziswa kwawo kukagesi kubala ngaphezu kwama-60% okusetshenziswa kukagesi womphakathi wonke. Kulesi sigaba, izinga lokusebenza kahle kwamamotor asebenza kahle kakhulu emakethe yi-IE3, engathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla ngaphezu kuka-3% uma kuqhathaniswa namamotho ajwayelekile. “Uhlelo Lokusebenza Lokukhuphuka Kwekhabhoni Ngaphambi Konyaka ka-2030” olukhishwe uMkhandlu Kazwelonke ludinga ukuthi kuthuthukiswe imishini esetshenziswa kakhulu kagesi njengezinjini, amafeni, amaphampu, nama-compressor ukuze kongiwe futhi kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle, kukhuthaze imikhiqizo esezingeni eliphezulu nesezingeni eliphezulu kanye nemishini. , kusheshiswe ukuqedwa kwezinto zokusebenza ezibuyela emuva nezingasebenzi kahle, futhi kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kwezimboni nezokwakha. Amatheminali, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ezindaweni zasemakhaya, izinga lokufakwa kukagesi ohlelweni lukaloliwe. Ngasikhathi sinye, "Uhlelo Lokuthuthukiswa Kokusebenza Kwamandla E-Motor (2021-2023)" olukhishwe ngokuhlanganyela nguMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi kanye Nokuphathwa Kwezwe Lokulawulwa Kwemakethe kwasho ngokusobala ukuthi ngo-2023, umphumela wonyaka wamamotho asebenza kahle kakhulu kufanele. ifinyelela ku-170 million kilowatts. Isilinganiso kufanele sibe ngaphezu kwama-20%. Ukusheshisa ukuqedwa kwamamotho angasebenzi kahle enkonzweni kanye nokukhuthaza ngamandla ukukhiqizwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemishini yezimoto esebenza kahle kakhulu kuyizindlela ezibalulekile zokwenza izwe lami lifinyelele izinga eliphezulu lekhabhoni ngo-2030 kanye nokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni ngo-2060.
Ukuthuthuka okusheshayo kwemboni yezimoto esebenza kahle kakhulu yezwe lami kanye nokukhuthazwa nokusetyenziswa kokunciphisa ikhabhoni kuzuze imiphumela emangalisayo. imboni yezimoto yezwe lami inkulu ngezinga. Ngokwezibalo, ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto zezimboni kazwelonke ngo-2020 kuzoba ama-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingama-323. Amabhizinisi okukhiqiza izimoto asatshalaliswa ikakhulukazi eZhejiang, Jiangsu, Fujian, Shandong, Shanghai, Liaoning, Guangdong naseHenan. Inani lamabhizinisi akhiqiza izimoto kulezi zifundazwe namadolobhakazi ayisishiyagalombili libalelwa ku-85% yenani eliphelele lamabhizinisi akhiqiza izimoto ezweni lami.
ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto ezisezingeni eliphezulu kwezwe lami kanye nokuthandwa nokusetshenziswa kwezimoto kuzuze imiphumela emangalisayo. Ngokwe-“White Paper on High-Efficiency Motor Promotion Projects”, ukukhiqizwa kwezinjini ezisebenza kahle kakhulu nezinjini ezenziwe kabusha ezweni lami kukhuphuke kusuka ku-20.04 million kilowatts ngo-2017 kuya ku-105 million kilowatts ngo-2020, okuwumphumela wokusebenza kahle kakhulu. Izinjini zikhuphuke zisuka ku-19.2 million kilowatts zaya ku-102.7 million kilowatts. Isibalo sabakhiqizi bezimoto abasezingeni eliphezulu nabakhiqizwe kabusha sikhule sisuka ku-355 ngo-2017 saya ku-1,091 ngo-2020, sibala ingxenye yabakhiqizi bezimoto isuka ku-13.1% yaya ku-40.4%. Uhlelo lwemakethe olusebenza kahle kakhulu lokuhlinzekwa kwezimoto kanye nemakethe yokuthengisa luya ngokuya lungenasici. Isibalo sabahlinzeki nabathengisi senyuke sisuka ku-380 ngo-2017 saya ku-1,100 ngo-2020, kanti ivolumu yokuthengisa ngo-2020 izofinyelela ku-94 million kilowatts. Isibalo sezinkampani ezisebenzisa izinjini ezisebenza kahle kakhulu namamotho akhiqizwe kabusha siyaqhubeka nokukhula. Isibalo sezinkampani ezisebenzisa izinjini ezisebenza kahle kakhulu senyukile sisuka ku-69 300 ngo-2017 saya ngaphezu kwezi-94 000 ngo-2020, futhi isibalo sezinkampani ezisebenzisa izinjini enziwe kabusha sikhuphuke sisuka ku-6,500 saya ku-10,500. .
Ukuthandwa nokusetshenziswa kwamamotho asebenza kahle kakhulu kuzuze imiphumela emangalisayo ekongeni amandla kanye nokunciphisa ikhabhoni. Ngokwezilinganiso, kusukela ngo-2017 kuya ku-2020, ukonga amandla ngonyaka wokukhuthazwa kwezimoto ezisebenza kahle kakhulu kuzokhuphuka kusuka ku-2.64 billion kWh kuya ku-10.7 billion kWh, futhi ukonga amandla okuhlanganisiwe kuzoba ngu-49.2 billion kWh; ukuncishiswa kwaminyaka yonke kokukhishwa kwe-carbon dioxide kuzokhuphuka kusuka kumathani ayizigidi ezingu-2.07 kuya kumathani ayizigidi ezingu-14,9. Ingqikithi yamathani angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-30 okukhishwa kwesikhutha ancishisiwe.
izwe lami lithatha izinyathelo eziningi zokukhuthaza izinjini ezisebenza kahle kakhulu Izwe lami libheka ukubaluleka okukhulu ekuthuthukisweni kokusebenza kahle kwamandla ezimoto kanye nokugqugquzelwa kwezinjini ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, likhiphe izinqubomgomo eziningi ezihlobene nezinjini, futhi lasebenzisa izindlela eziningi zokuthuthukisa ngokuningiliziwe.
▍Ngeimigomo yesiqondiso senqubomgomo,gxila ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kwezinjini nezinhlelo zazo, nokuqeda amamotho angasebenzi kahle. Qondisa futhi unxuse amabhizinisi ukuthi asuse amamotho angasebenzi kahle ngokugada ukongiwa kwamandla ezimbonini, izinhlelo zokuthuthukisa amandla ezimoto, kanye nokukhishwa “Kwekhathalogi Yokuqedwa Kwezisetshenziswa Eziphezulu Zokusebenzisa Amandla Kagesi (Imikhiqizo) Ephelelwe Isikhathi”. Phakathi nesikhathi “soHlelo Lweminyaka Eyi-13 Lweminyaka Emihlanu”, kwenziwa ukuhlolwa okukhethekile ekukhiqizweni nasekusetshenzisweni kwemikhiqizo ebalulekile edla amandla njengamamotho namaphampu ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kwamandla ezinjini. Cishe angu-150,000 amamotho angasebenzi kahle atholakala, futhi izinkampani zayalelwa ukuba zilungise phakathi nesikhathi esilinganiselwe.
▍Ngeimigomo yesiqondiso esijwayelekile,izinga lokusebenza kahle kwezimoto liyasetshenziswa futhi ilebula yemoto eyonga kahle iyasetshenziswa. Ngo-2020, kwakhishwa indinganiso kazwelonke eyimpoqo "Amanani Avumelekile Wokusebenza Amandla kanye Namabanga Asebenza Kahle Amandla E-Electric Motors" (GB 18613-2020), eyathatha indawo "Yamanani Avumelekile Amandla Okusebenza Kahle kanye Namabanga Amancane Naphakathi- usayizi wezigaba ezintathu ze-Asynchronous Motors” ( GB 1 8 6 1 3 – 2 0 1 2) kanye “Namanani Avumelekile Wokusebenza Amandla kanye Namakilasi Asebenza Kahle Amandla Ezimoto Zamandla Amancane” (GB 25958-2010). Ukukhishwa kanye nokuqaliswa kwezinga kukhuphule izinga elincane lezwe lami lokusebenzisa amandla kagesi ezingeni le-IE2 lafinyelela ezingeni le-IE3, kwaphoqa abakhiqizi bezimoto ukuthi bakhiqize amamotho aphezulu kuneleveli ye-IE3, futhi kwathuthukisa nokukhiqizwa kwezinjini ezisebenza kahle kakhulu kanye nokwenyuka kwesabelo semakethe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinjini ezithengiswayo kudingeka zinamathiselwe amalebula akamuva okusebenza kahle kwamandla, ukuze abathengi baqonde ngokucace kakhudlwana izinga lokusebenza kahle lamamotho athengiwe.
▍Ngokwemisebenzi yokukhangisa nokukhangisa,khulula amakhathalogi okukhangisa, enze ukuqeqeshwa kobuchwepheshe, futhi ahlele imisebenzi efana "nokufaka amasevisi okonga amandla emabhizinisini". Ngokukhishwa kwamaqoqo ayisithupha ""Imikhiqizo Eyonga Amandla Ezuzisa Iphrojekthi Yabantu" Ikhathalogi Yokuphromotha Kwezimoto Esebenza Kakhulu", amaqoqo amahlanu "Ikhathalogu Yezisetshenziswa Zezisetshenziswa Zezimboni Kazwelonke", amaqoqo ayishumi oMkhiqizo othi ""Energy Efficiency Star" I-Catalogue”, amaqoqo ayisikhombisa “E-Electromechanical Equipment (Imikhiqizo) Enconyiwe Yekhathalogi”, incoma amamotho asebenza kahle kakhulu kanye nemishini yokonga amandla nemikhiqizo esebenzisa amamotho asebenza kahle kakhulu emphakathini, futhi iqondise amabhizinisi ukuthi asebenzise amamotho asebenza kahle kakhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, "Ikhathalogu Yomkhiqizo Wokukhiqiza Kabusha" yakhululwa ukuze ikhuthaze ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwamamotha asebenza kahle kakhulu abe amamotho asebenza kahle kakhulu futhi kuthuthukiswe izinga lokugaywa kabusha kwezinsiza. Kwabasebenzi abahlobene nezimoto kanye nabasebenzi bokuphatha amandla ezinkampanini ezibalulekile ezidla amandla, hlela izikhathi zokuqeqesha eziningi ngobuchwepheshe bokonga amandla ezimoto. Ngo-2021, uMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi uzophinde uhlele amayunithi afanelekile ukuze abambe imisebenzi engama-34 “yokonga amandla emabhizinisini”.
▍Ngeimigomo yezinsizakalo zobuchwepheshe,hlela amaqoqo amathathu ezinsiza zokuxilonga ezonga amandla ezimbonini. Kusukela ngo-2019 kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-2021, uMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi uhlele ama-ejensi esevisi ezinkampani zangaphandle ukuze axilonge ukonga ugesi ukuze ahlole indlela yokonga ugesi emabhizinisini angama-20,000, futhi wahlola izinga lokusebenza kahle kwamandla kanye nokusebenza kwangempela kwemishini kagesi ebalulekile efana nale. njengama-motor, amafeni, ama-air compressor, namaphampu. Ukusiza amabhizinisi ukuhlonza izinjini ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, hlaziya amandla ezinjini ezisebenza kahle kakhulu ukuze zikhushulwe futhi zisetshenziswe, futhi ziqondise amabhizinisi ukuthi enze ukongiwa kwezimoto.
▍Ngeimigomo yokuxhaswa ngezimali,amamotho asebenza kahle kakhulu afakiwe emkhakheni wokuqaliswa kwemikhiqizo yokonga ugesi ukuze kuzuze abantu. UMnyango Wezezimali uhlinzeka ngoxhaso lwezezimali emikhiqizweni yezimoto yezinhlobo ezahlukene, amabanga namandla ngokuya ngamandla alinganiselwe. Uhulumeni omkhulu unikezela ngezimali zoxhaso kubakhiqizi bezimoto ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, futhi abakhiqizi bazithengisela abasebenzisi bezimoto, amaphampu amanzi kanye namafeni ngentengo yomxhaso. Qedela amabhizinisi okukhiqiza imishini. Nokho, kusukela ngoNdasa wezi-2017, ukuthengwa kwemikhiqizo yezimoto esebenza kahle kakhulu kukhathalogi “yemikhiqizo yokonga amandla ezuzisa abantu” ngeke kusajabulela uxhaso lwezimali olumaphakathi. Njengamanje, ezinye izifunda ezifana ne-Shanghai nazo zisungule izimali ezikhethekile zokusekela ukukhuthazwa kwamamotho asebenza kahle kakhulu.
Ukukhuthazwa kwezinjini ezisebenza kahle kakhulu ezweni lami kusabhekene nezinselelo ezithile
Nakuba ukugqugquzelwa kwezinjini ezisebenza kahle kakhulu kuzuze imiphumela ethile, uma kuqhathaniswa namazwe athuthukile njengeYurophu ne-United States, izwe lami lamukele izinga le-IE3 njengomkhawulo wokonga amandla emoto isikhathi esifushane (kusukela ngoJuni 1, 2021), kanye nesabelo semakethe samamotho asebenza kahle kakhulu ngaphezu kwezinga le-IE3 Izinga liphansi. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinjini ezisebenza kahle kakhulu e-China kanye nokukhuthaza amamotho asebenza kahle kakhulu kusabhekene nezinselelo eziningi.
Abathengi abakhuthazwe kakhulu ukuthenga ama-motor asebenza kahle kakhulu
Ukukhethwa kwezinjini ezisebenza kahle kakhulu kunezinzuzo zesikhathi eside kubathengi, kodwa kudinga ukuthi abathengi bakhulise ukutshalwa kwezimali ezimpahleni ezingaguquki, okuletha ingcindezi ethile yezomnotho kubathengi bezimoto. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abanye abathengi abanakho ukuqonda kwethiyori yomjikelezo wempilo yomkhiqizo, banake ukutshalwa kwezimali kwesikhathi esisodwa, abazicabangeli izindleko zenqubo yokusetshenziswa, futhi banokukhathazeka mayelana nokuthembeka kwekhwalithi nokuzinza kokusebenza. zamamotho asebenza kahle kakhulu, ngakho-ke abazimisele ukuthenga izinjini ezisebenza kahle kakhulu ngamanani aphezulu.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yezimoto kusalele emuva kakhulu
Imboni yezimoto iyimboni edinga abasebenzi abaningi futhi edinga ubuchwepheshe. Imakethe yezimoto ezinkulu neziphakathi nendawo iphakeme kakhulu, kuyilapho eyamamotor amancane naphakathi nendawo iphansi kakhulu. Kusukela ngo-2020, cishe kunamabhizinisi angu-2,700 XNUMX akhiqiza izimoto ezweni lami, lapho amabhizinisi amancane naphakathi nendawo enza ingxenye enkulu. Lawa mabhizinisi amancane naphakathi agxile ekukhiqizweni kwamamotho amancane naphakathi futhi abe namandla abuthaka e-R&D, okuholela ekubeni kube nokuqukethwe okuphansi kobuchwepheshe kanye nenani elengeziwe lemikhiqizo ekhiqizwayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, intengo ephansi yamamotho ajwayelekile ibangele ukuthi abanye abathengi bakhethe ukuthenga amamotho ajwayelekile, okuholele ekutheni abanye abakhiqizi bezimoto basakhiqize amamotho ajwayelekile. Ngo-2020, ukukhishwa kwezinjini zezwe lami ezisebenza kahle kakhulu kuzokubalelwa kuphela cishe ama-31.8% omkhiqizo ophelele wamamotho wezimboni.
Kunamamotho amaningi ajwayelekile esitokweni nabahlinzeki abaningi
Amamotho ajwayelekile enza cishe u-90% wamamotho asebenza ezweni lami. Amamotho ajwayelekile anenani eliphansi, alula ngesakhiwo, alungele ukulungiswa, isikhathi eside empilweni yesevisi, futhi anesisekelo esikhulu sabahlinzeki, okuletha izithiyo ezinkulu ekukhuthazeni amamotho asebenza kahle kakhulu. Izwe lami selisebenzise i-GB 18613-2012 eyimpoqo kazwelonke kusukela ngo-2012, futhi lihlela ukuqeda uhlu lwemikhiqizo yezimoto engasebenzi kahle. Iminyango ethintekayo idinga ukuthi zonke izimboni, ikakhulukazi lezo ezisebenzisa kakhulu amandla kagesi, kufanele ziyeke kancane kancane ukusebenzisa izinjini ezingasebenzi kahle, kodwa imikhiqizo enjalo yezimoto isengasetshenziswa uma ingahlangabezani nezindinganiso ezilahliwe.
Uhlelo lwenqubomgomo yokukhuthaza izimoto olusebenza kahle kakhulu kanyeukuqapha motor
Umthethouhlelo aluzwakali ngokwanele
Amazinga okusebenza kahle kwamandla ezinjini asemenyezelwe futhi asetshenziswa, kodwa kukhona ukuntuleka kwezinqubomgomo ezisekelayo nezindlela zokulawula ukuvimbela abakhiqizi bezimoto ukuthi bakhiqize amamotho ajwayelekile. Iminyango efanele ikhiphe amakhathalogi anconyiwe emikhiqizo nemishini ehlobene nemoto esebenza kahle kakhulu, kodwa ayikho indlela yokuqaliswa eyisibopho. Bangaphoqa kuphela izimboni ezibalulekile kanye namabhizinisi abalulekile ukuthi asuse amamotho angasebenzi kahle ngokugadwa ukonga amandla ezimbonini. Uhlelo lwenqubomgomo kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zokuhlinzekwa nokufunwa aluphelele, okulethe izithiyo ekukhuthazeni amamotho asebenza kahle kakhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinqubomgomo zezezimali nezentela kanye nezinqubomgomo zezikweletu zokusekela ukukhuthazwa kwezinjini ezisebenza kahle azizwakala ngokwanele, futhi kunzima kubathengi abaningi bezimoto ukuthola uxhaso lwezimali emabhange okuhweba.
Izincomo Zenqubomgomo Zokuthuthukisa Izimoto Ezisebenza Kahle Ukukhuthazwa kwezinjini ezisebenza kahle kakhulu kudinga ukuhlanganiswa kwabakhiqizi bezimoto, abathengi bezimoto, kanye nezinqubomgomo ezisekelayo. Ikakhulukazi, ukudala indawo yenhlalo lapho abakhiqizi bezimoto bekhuthele bekhiqiza izinjini ezisebenza kahle kakhulu futhi abathengi bezimoto bakhetha ngenkuthalo amamotho asebenza kahle kakhulu kubalulekile ekukhuthazeni izinjini ezisebenza kahle kakhulu.
Nikeza ukudlala okuphelele endimeni eyisibopho yamazinga
Amazinga awusekelo olubalulekile lwezobuchwepheshe ekuthuthukisweni kwekhwalithi ephezulu yemboni yezimoto. Izwe likhiphe izindinganiso eziphoqelekile noma ezinconyiwe kazwelonke/zezimboni ezifana ne-GB 18613-2020 zamamotho, kodwa kukhona ukuntuleka kwemithetho esekelayo ukuvimbela abakhiqizi bezimoto ukuthi bakhiqize ngaphansi kwenani elilinganiselwe lokusebenza kahle kwamandla. Imikhiqizo yezimoto, inxusa izinkampani ukuthi ziyeke izinjini ezingasebenzi kahle. Kusukela ngowezi-2017 kuya kowezi-2020, sekuqedwe ama-kilowatts ayizigidi eziyi-170 zamamotho angasebenzi kahle, kodwa ayizigidi ezingama-31 kuphela kuwo athathelwe indawo yizinjini ezisebenza kahle kakhulu. Kunesidingo esiphuthumayo sokwazisa nokuqaliswa kwamazinga, kuqiniswe ukusetshenziswa kwamazinga, ukuqondisa ukusetshenziswa kwezindinganiso, ukubhekana nokulungisa ukuziphatha okungawasebenzisi izindinganiso ngesikhathi esifanele, ukuqinisa ukugadwa kwabakhiqizi bezimoto, nokwandisa isijeziso sokwephula izinkampani zezimoto. Njengoba bezimisele ukukhiqiza izinjini ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, abathengi bezimoto abakwazi ukuthenga izinjini ezisebenza kahle kakhulu.
Ukuqaliswa kokuphuma kwe-motor engasebenzi kahle
UMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi wenza umsebenzi wokuqondisa ukonga ugesi minyaka yonke, uqondise okukhethekile ekuthuthukisweni kokusebenza kahle kwamandla emikhiqizweni esetshenziswa kakhulu kagesi kanye nezinto zokusebenza, futhi uhlonza amamotho namafeni angasebenzi kahle ngokuhambisana “Nendlela Yokusebenzisa Amandla Aphezulu Okuphelelwe Isikhathi. I-Electromechanical Equipment (Imikhiqizo) Ikhathalogi Yokuqeda” (Iqoqo 1 kuye ku-4) , Ama-Air compressors, amaphampu neminye imikhiqizo yesisetshenziswa esiphelelwe yisikhathi esebenzisa amamotho njengamadivayisi okushayela. Nokho, lo msebenzi wokuqapha uhloselwe ikakhulukazi izimboni ezibalulekile ezisebenzisa amandla njengensimbi nensimbi, ukuncibilikisa insimbi engeyona insimbi, amakhemikhali e-petrochemical, nezinto zokwakha, futhi kunzima ukuhlanganisa zonke izimboni namabhizinisi. Izincomo ezilandelayo ziwukusebenzisa izenzo ezingasebenzi kahle zokuqedwa kwezimoto, ukuqeda izinjini ezingasebenzi kahle ngokwesifunda, iqoqo, nesikhathi, futhi kucaciswe isikhathi sokuqeda, ukusekela izikhuthazo kanye nezindlela zokujezisa zohlobo ngalunye lwemoto engasebenzi ukuze kunxuswe amabhizinisi ukuthi aziqede phakathi nesikhathi esibekiwe. . Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuyadingeka futhi ukucabangela ukusebenza kwangempela kwebhizinisi. Uma kubhekwa iqiniso lokuthi ibhizinisi elilodwa elikhulu lisebenzisa isamba esikhulu sezinjini futhi linezimali ezinamandla, kuyilapho ibhizinisi elilodwa elincane neliphakathi lisebenzisa amamotho amancane futhi linezimali eziqinile, umjikelezo wokuphuma kufanele unqunywe ngendlela ehlukile, futhi umjikelezo wesigaba sokuphuma wamamotho angasebenzi kahle emabhizinisini amakhulu kufanele uncishiswe ngokufanelekile.
Ukuthuthukisa indlela yokugqugquzela kanye neyokunqanda yamabhizinisi akhiqiza izimoto
Amakhono ezobuchwepheshe kanye namazinga obuchwepheshe ezinkampani ezikhiqiza izimoto azilingani. Ezinye izinkampani azinawo amakhono obuchwepheshe okwenza amamotho asebenza kahle kakhulu. Kuyadingeka ukuthola isimo esithile sezinkampani ezikhiqiza izimoto ezifuywayo futhi kuthuthukiswe ubuchwepheshe bebhizinisi ngezinqubomgomo zokukhuthaza ngezezimali njengezivumelwano zemali mboleko kanye nokukhululwa kwentela. Baqondise futhi banxuse ukuthi bathuthukise futhi baziguqule zibe yimigqa yokukhiqiza izimoto esebenza ngempumelelo kakhulu ngesikhathi esibekiwe, futhi baqondise amabhizinisi akhiqiza izimoto ukuthi angakhi amamotho angasebenzi kahle ngesikhathi soshintsho noshintsho. Ukwengamela ukusatshalaliswa kwezinto ezingasenzi kahle zenjini ukuze kuvinjelwe abakhiqizi bezimoto ukuthi bathenge izinto zokusetshenziswa zezimoto ezingasebenzi kahle. Ngasikhathi sinye, khulisa ukuhlolwa kwesampula yamamotho athengiswa emakethe, memezela imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwamasampula emphakathini ngesikhathi esifanele, futhi wazise abakhiqizi imikhiqizo yabo ehlulekayo ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezijwayelekile futhi bazilungise phakathi nomkhawulo wesikhathi. .
Qinisa ukuboniswa nokukhuthazwa kwezinjini ezisebenza kahle kakhulu
Khuthaza abakhiqizi bezimoto kanye nabasebenzisi bezimoto ezisebenza kahle kakhulu ukuthi bakhe ngokuhlanganyela izisekelo zokubonisa umphumela wokonga ugesi ukuze abathengi bafunde ngokusebenza kwezimoto nokongiwa kwamandla khona lapho, futhi badalule njalo idatha yokonga izimoto emphakathini ukuze babe nolwazi oluthe xaxa. ukuqonda okunembile kwemiphumela yokonga amandla wamamotho asebenza kahle kakhulu.
Sungula inkundla yokuphromotha yezinjini ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, bonisa ulwazi olufanele njengeziqu zabakhiqizi bezimoto, ukucaciswa komkhiqizo, ukusebenza, njll., memezela futhi uhumushe ulwazi lwenqubomgomo oluhlobene nezinjini ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, bushelelezi ukushintshisana kolwazi phakathi kwabakhiqizi bezimoto nezinjini. abathengi, futhi uvumele abakhiqizi nabathengi Bazi ngezinqubomgomo ezifanele.
Hlela ukukhushulwa nokuqeqeshwa kwamamotho asebenza kahle kakhulu ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuqwashisa kwabathengi bezimoto ezifundeni ezahlukene nezimboni ngamamotho asebenza kahle kakhulu, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo uphendule imibuzo yabo. Qinisa ama-ejensi wesevisi yezinkampani zangaphandle ukuze anikeze izinsiza ezifanele zokubonisana zabathengi.
Ukukhuthaza ukwenziwa kabusha kwamamotho angasebenzi kahle
Ukuqedwa ngezinga elikhulu kwamamotho angasebenzi kahle kuzodala ukumoshwa kwezinsiza ngezinga elithile. Ukukhiqiza kabusha amamotho angasebenzi kahle abe yizinjini ezisebenza kahle kakhulu akugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla ezinjini, kodwa futhi kuvuselela ezinye izinsiza, okusiza ukukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kohlaza kanye nekhabhoni ephansi yochungechunge lwezimboni zezimoto; uma kuqhathaniswa nokukhiqizwa kwezinjini ezintsha ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, kunganciphisa Izindleko ezingama-50%, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okungama-60%, izinto ezingama-70%. Yakha futhi ulungise imithetho namazinga okukhiqiza kabusha amamotho, ucacise uhlobo namandla amamotho enziwe kabusha, futhi ukhulule inqwaba yamabhizinisi akhombisayo anekhono lokukhiqiza kabusha izimoto, okuholela ekuthuthukisweni komkhakha wokukhiqiza kabusha izinjini ngokubonisa.
Ukuthengwa kwempahla kukahulumeni kuqhuba ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yezimoto esebenza kahle kakhulu
Ngo-2020, isilinganiso sikahulumeni kazwelonke sokuthengwa kwempahla sizoba ngama-3.697 trillion yuan, sibalwa u-10.2% no-3.6% wezindleko kazwelonke kanye ne-GDP ngokulandelana. Ngokuthenga kukahulumeni okuluhlaza, qondisa abakhiqizi bezimoto ukuthi bahlinzeke ngezinjini ezisebenza kahle kakhulu kanye nabathengi ukuze bathenge izinjini ezisebenza kahle kakhulu. Ucwaningo futhi udale izinqubomgomo zikahulumeni zokuthengwa kwempahla yemikhiqizo yobuchwepheshe yokonga amandla njengezinjini ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, amaphampu namafeni asebenzisa izinjini ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, kuhlanganisa amamotho asebenza kahle kakhulu kanye nemikhiqizo yobuchwepheshe yokonga amandla esebenzisa izinjini ezisebenza kahle kakhulu endaweni yokuthengwa kukahulumeni. , futhi uwahlanganise ngokwemvelo namazinga afanelekile namakhathalogi omkhiqizo wamamotho okonga amandla , wandise ububanzi nesikali sokuthengwa kukahulumeni okuluhlaza. Ngokuqalisa ukusebenza kwenqubomgomo kahulumeni yokuthengwa kwempahla eluhlaza, amandla okukhiqiza imikhiqizo yezobuchwepheshe ewonga amandla afana nezinjini ezisebenza kahle kakhulu kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwamakhono ezinsiza zobuchwepheshe ezisesimweni esihle kuzothuthukiswa.
Khulisa isikweletu, izinxephezelo zentela nokunye ukwesekwa kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zokuhlinzekwa nokufunwa
Ukuthenga amamotho asebenza kahle kakhulu kanye nokwenza ngcono amakhono obuchwepheshe abakhiqizi bezimoto kudinga imali enkulu yokutshalwa kwezimali, futhi amabhizinisi adinga ukuthwala ingcindezi enkulu yezomnotho, ikakhulukazi amabhizinisi amancane naphakathi nendawo. Ngokuvumelana nezikweletu, kusekela ukuguqulwa kwemigqa yokukhiqiza izimoto esebenza kahle kakhulu ibe imigqa yokukhiqiza izimoto esebenza kahle kakhulu, futhi yehlise ingcindezi ekutshalweni kwezimali okukhulu kwabathengi bezimoto. Nikeza izinxephezelo zentela kubakhiqizi bezimoto ezisebenza kahle kakhulu nabasebenzisi bezimoto ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, futhi usebenzise amanani entengo kagesi ahlukanisiwe ngokusekelwe kumazinga okusebenza kahle kwamandla amamotho asetshenziswa izinkampani. Lapho izinga lokuwonga kwamandla liphezulu, intengo kagesi iba ngcono kakhulu.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-24-2023