NgoSepthemba 30, isikhathi sendawo e-United States, uTesla wabamba umcimbi we-2022 AI Day ePalo Alto, eCalifornia. I-CEO ye-Tesla u-Elon Musk kanye nethimba lonjiniyela bakwaTesla bavele endaweni futhi balethe i-premiere yomhlaba wonke ye-Tesla Bot humanoid robot prototype "Optimus", esebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obufanayo bezobunhloli njengezimoto zeTesla. Amarobhothi e-Humanoid azosiholela “esizukulwaneni esilandelayo” osekukudala silindelwe.
Kusukela enguqukweni yokuqala yezimboni kuze kube manje, ukuphila komuntu kuye kwaba nezinguquko ezinkulu.Sisuka ekugibeleni inqola siye ekushayeleni imoto, sisuka kumalambu kaphalafini siye kumalambu kagesi, sisuka ekufundeni inqwaba yezincwadi siye ekutholeni kalula ulwazi oluhlukahlukene nge-inthanethi... Yonke inqubekelaphambili yesayensi nezobuchwepheshe iholele isintu enkathini entsha, futhi abantu banelukuluku lokwazi ukuthi izofika nini inkathi yobuhlakani bokwenziwa. .
Eqinisweni, uma sibheka emuva esikhathini esidlule, singathola ukuthi ubuchwepheshe bokubona ubuso, ukuguqulwa kwezwi nombhalo, izindlela zokuncoma okuqukethwe, namarobhothi ashanelayo kakade sekuthinte ukuphila kwethu ngokucashile. Eqinisweni, kudala abantu bephila enkathini yobuhlakani bokwenziwa.
Isizathu esenza abantu bangangeni embonweni wenkathi entsha yingoba abantu balindele ubuhlakani bokwenziwa. Ngaphezu kwezidingo zezindlela zokufaka izicelo, banethemba lokubona “izibalo zabantu” kunemishini ngokwefomu, engahlanganiswa kakhulu nezigcawu zokuphila komuntu. .Amarobhothi e-Humanoid anokubaluleka okukhulu ngokwezobuchwepheshe, umnotho, umphakathi nomoya womuntu.
Ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-Tesla be-homologous Artificial Intelligence ukwakha irobhothi langempela le-humanoid
Eqinisweni, ngaphambi kukaTesla, abakhiqizi abaningi bakhiphe imikhiqizo yamarobhothi e-humanoid, kodwa uTesla kuphela olethe "umqondo weqiniso" onamandla.
Ngoba i-CEO ye-Tesla u-Elon Musk uthe: "Sidinga ukukhiqiza amarobhothi ngobuningi anokuthembeka okuphezulu kakhulu nezindleko eziphansi kakhulu, okubaluleke kakhulu." Ubikezela ukuthi i-Optimus ingase ikhiqizwe ngobuningi eminyakeni engu-3-5. Uma ifika emakethe, umkhiqizo kufanele ufinyelele ezigidini, futhi intengo yayo izobiza kakhulu kunemoto, kanti intengo yokugcina yerobhothi kulindeleke ukuthi ibe ngaphansi kuka-$20,000.
Njengamanje, amarobhothi akhiqizwa abakhiqizi abaningi abiza kakhulu ukuthi angakhiqizwa ngobuningi, noma akhishwe ngenxa yokutshalwa kwezimali okungenasiphelo. Isibonelo, irobhothi elisanda kukhishwa abakhiqizi basekhaya libiza u-700,000 yuan futhi alikwazi ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi, kuyilapho izindleko ze-ASIMO e-Japan ziphezulu nakakhulu. Iphakeme njengoba ingaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-20 zamayuan.
Ubuchwepheshe obuningi obusetshenziswa yi-Optimus bujwayelekile ezimotweni zakwaTesla, njengokwakhiwa kwendawo, ukuqashelwa okubukwayo, njll., kanye nobuchwepheshe bokufunda benethiwekhi ye-neural efanayo busetshenziswa njenge-Tesla FSD (Ikhono Eligcwele Lokuzishayela).Ukuqoqwa kukaTesla kobuhlakani bokwenziwa akuvumeli nje izimoto zakwaTesla ukuthi zibe namandla obuchwepheshe ngaphezu kweminye imikhiqizo yomkhiqizo, kodwa futhi kuvumela i-Optimus ukuthi isuke emqondweni iye eqinisweni ezinyangeni ezimbalwa nje.Kulolu suku lwe-AI, uTesla akalethanga nje kuphela i-prototype ye-Optimus, kodwa futhi wabonisa inguqulo ezofakwa ekukhiqizeni.Lokhu kusho ukuthi eminyakeni embalwa, abantu abavamile abafana nami nawe banamarobhothi abo e-humanoid awasekho emcabangweni, akuyona into yokudlala ebizayo, kodwa umlingani wangempela ongasisebenzela.
Namuhla, i-Optimus prototype ingaphakamisa iketela ngokuguquguquka ukuze inisele izimbali ehhovisi, iphathe izinto ezibonakalayo ngezandla zombili, ithole ngokunembile abantu abazungezile futhi ibagweme ngenkuthalo.Ngokwemibiko yabezindaba, i-Optimus isiqalile ukubeka umsebenzi olula efektri yaseTesla yaseFremont.
Isimo somuntu sizonikeza amarobhothi amathuba amaningi.Izimoto ezihlakaniphile zenze ubuchwepheshe bokwenziwa kobuhlakani busetshenziswe kabanzi, futhi uma amarobhothi e-humanoid engena emakethe ngobuningi njengezimoto ezihlakaniphile namuhla, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa buzobhekana ngempela nezigcawu abantu ababhekana nazo, njengokuhlanza, ukupheka, ukufunda, ukuzilibazisa, ukukhulisa izingane kanye nomhlalaphansi. . … umhlaba obanzi uyavela embonini ye-AI.
"Ingqikithi ye-AGI (Artificial General Intelligence) ukuvela," kusho uMusk. Ukwanda okumangazayo kwenani labantu kusistimu kungabangela amaqembu ukuthi avele ngokuzumayo izici ebezingekho ngaphambilini. Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi ukuvela.Ukuphila nokuhlakanipha kuwumphumela wokuvela. Izimpawu ezidluliswa yi-neuron eyodwa zilinganiselwe kakhulu futhi azikwazi nokuchazwa, kodwa ukuphakama kwamashumi ezigidigidi zama-neurons kwakha "ubuhlakani" bomuntu.Ubuhlakani bokwenziwa bukhula ngesivinini esikhulu. Ngemva “kobunye” obuthile, mhlawumbe ubuhlakani obuseduze nomuntu “bungavela”. Ngaleso sikhathi, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa buzoletha “umzimba ophelele” wawo.
Qaphela umhlaba ngokombono womuntu bese ujula kwezinye izimo
Ukwenza i-Optimus isondele kubantu, uTesla wenze imizamo eminingi ngonyaka odlule, ehlanganisa ubuchwepheshe be-hardware ne-software obusetshenziswa ngaphambilini ezimotweni ezinamarobhothi. I-torso yerobhothi ifakwe iphakethe lebhethri elingu-2.3 kWh, 52V, elihlanganiswe kakhulu nokuphathwa kokushaja, izinzwa kanye nezinhlelo zokupholisa, ezikwazi ukusekela irobhothi ukuthi lisebenze usuku lonke. “Lokhu kusho ukuthi yonke into kusukela ekuhlanganeni kuya ekuphathweni kokushaja kuyahlanganiswa kulolu hlelo, okuphinde kuthathelwe ulwazi lwethu ekwakhiweni kwezimoto.” Kusho unjiniyela weTesla.
Umzimba we-Optimus unengqikithi yama-actuator esakhiwo angu-28, amalunga aklanywe ngamalunga e-bionic, futhi izandla ziklanywe ngamadigri enkululeko angu-11.Ngokuphathelene “nemizwa”, umbono wekhompyutha kaTesla onamandla ungasetshenziswa ngokuqondile kumarobhothi ngemva kokuqinisekiswa ukusetshenziswa kwangempela kohlelo lwe-autonomous driving cability (FSD).“Ubuchopho” be-Optimus busebenzisa i-chip efanayo nezimoto zikaTesla futhi busekela izixhumanisi ze-Wi-Fi, i-LTE nokuxhumana okulalelwayo, obuvumela ukuthi bucubungule idatha ebonakalayo, yenze izinqumo zesenzo ezisekelwe kokufakwayo kwezinzwa eziningi, nezinhlelo zokusekela ezifana nokuxhumana nokuxhumana. Ukuphepha kwesofthiwe nehadiwe nakho sekuthuthukisiwe futhi.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-Optimus iphinde “ifunde” abantu ngokuthwebula izinto ezinyakazayo, futhi uhlobo lokuxhumana nomhlaba lufana nomuntu.Uma sithatha ukuphathwa kwezinto njengesibonelo, izisebenzi zakwaTesla zifaka izenzo ngemishini egqokekayo, futhi irobhothi lifunda ngamanethiwekhi emizwa, kusukela ekuqedeni izenzo ezifanayo endaweni efanayo, kuya ekuthuthukisweni kwezixazululo kwezinye izimo, ukuze lifunde ukusebenza ezindaweni ezahlukene. izindawo. Phatha izinto ezahlukene.
Njengamanje, i-Optimus ingakwazi ukuqedela izenzo ezinjengokuhamba, ukugibela izitebhisi, ukusquat, nokucosha izinto. Awekho kuphela ama-actuator akwazi ukumelana nezinto ezisindayo njengamapiyano anesisindo esingaba uhhafu wethani, kodwa futhi nezinto ezilula ezingabamba, zisebenzise amadivaysi emishini, izandla eziyinkimbinkimbi Eziguqukayo zokunyakaza okunemba okuphezulu njengokuthinta komzimba.
UMusk uthe lokho uTesla afuna ukukwenza yimikhiqizo “ewusizo”: “Sithemba ukusiza abantu abaningi futhi sithuthukise ukusebenza kahle komsebenzi ngemikhiqizo efana ne-Optimus. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, sizocabangela indlela yokushintsha ikusasa lethu. umkhiqizo.”
Gxila ekuvikelekeni kwe-AI futhi uhole ekubekeni amazinga embonini
Njengezimoto, ngokuya ngamarobhothi, i-Tesla iphinde ihambisane nomqondo "wokuklama ngokuphepha kuqala", futhi ithuthukisa ukuphepha kwamarobhothi ngokusekelwe emandleni okuhlaziya ukulinganisa kokuphepha kwezimoto.Ekulingiseni izingozi zomgwaqo, i-Tesla ithuthukisa ukusebenza kokuphepha ngokusebenzisa isofthiwe nokwenza ngcono ukuwa kwemoto, ukuvikelwa kwebhethri, njll., futhi ekwakhiweni kwamarobhothi, u-Tesla uphinde aqinisekise ikhono le-Optimus lokuzivikela kanye nabantu abaseduze kwayo ngendlela efanayo.Isibonelo, ezimweni zangaphandle ezifana nokuwa nokushayisana, irobhothi lizothatha izinqumo ezihambisana nabantu - okubaluleke kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha "kobuchopho", okulandelwa ukuphepha kwephakethe lebhethri le-torso.
Eseshini ye-Q&A yoSuku lwe-AI, uMusk uphinde waveza nezindaba zokuphepha zobuhlakani bokwenziwa."Ukuphepha kwe-AI kubaluleke kakhulu," esho. "Ukuphepha kwe-AI kufanele kube nokulawulwa okungcono ezingeni likahulumeni, futhi kufanele kusungulwe i-ejensi yokulawula ehambisanayo. Noma yini engase ithinte ukuphepha komphakathi idinga lowo mthetho.”
Njengoba nje izindawo ezinjengezimoto, izindiza, ukudla, nezidakamizwa “ezithinta ukuphepha komphakathi” sezivele zinezindlela ezilawulwa kahle, uMusk ukholelwa ukuthi ubuhlakani bokwenziwa budinga izinyathelo ezifanayo: “Sidinga uhlobo lwendima kanompempe ukuze siqinisekise ukuthi i-AI ifanelekile. emphakathini. Kuphephile.”
Okwamanje awukho umhlahlandlela obumbene wokuphepha kwe-AI, futhi ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi kwe-Optimus kuzogqugquzela imboni neminyango ehlukahlukene nama-ejensi ukuthi asheshise ukwakhiwa kwamazinga, futhi ahole ekunikezeni imodeli ezobhekwa kuyo.
Dala “ikhompuyutha enamandla kunazo zonke emhlabeni” futhi uhole ekuthuthukisweni komkhakha
Ukuze kuzuzwe ukushayela okuzimele okuphephile nokuthembekile, izimoto ezihlakaniphile zidinga idatha yokuqeqeshwa enkulu ngendlela engacabangeki. Amarobhothi e-Humanoid abhekana nezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi adinga amandla okusebenzisa ikhompuyutha aqinile nokuqeqeshwa nokuhlaziywa kwedatha yezinga elikhulu. Indlela yokuxazulula ukucutshungulwa okusheshayo kwale datha inquma isivinini ubuhlakani bokwenziwa obukhula ngaso.
Ikhompiyutha eyi-Dojo eyakhiwe ngokuzithuthukisa kaTesla izobhekana nomsebenzi.U-Tesla ukubonile ukubaluleka kwamandla aphezulu wekhompiyutha kanye nama-chips asebenza kahle kakhulu kusukela ekuqaleni. Onjiniyela bakwaTesla bathi: “Sifuna ukwenza i-supercomputer ye-Dojo uhlelo oluqine kunawo wonke emhlabeni lwe-supercomputing ekuqeqesheni ubuhlakani bokwenziwa.”
Njengamanje, u-Tesla uzuze ukwanda kwe-30% ngesivinini sokuqeqesha kuphela ngokuya ngekhodi nokuklama. Isibonelo, ngobuchwepheshe bokulebula obuzenzakalelayo, i-Tesla ilithuthukise kakhulu isivinini sokulebula sezigcawu zokuqeqesha.Ngokusebenzisa imojula yokuqeqesha eyodwa kuphela ehlanganisa ama-chips angu-25 e-D1, ukusebenza kwamabhokisi angu-6 GPU kungafinyelelwa, futhi izindleko zingaphansi kwebhokisi le-GPU elilodwa.Amandla ekhompuyutha kuphela amakhabethe amakhulu ama-Dojo angu-4 adingekayo ukuze kuzuzwe ukusebenza kokulebula okuzenzakalelayo kwamakhabethe angama-72 GPU.
Ngaphansi kokuqeqeshwa okusebenzayo kwenethiwekhi ye-neural, inzuzo yokuqala iwukuthuthukiswa kwe-Tesla FSD, isofthiwe yayo eye yavuthwa kancane kancane ezingeni lobuchwepheshe.Enguqulweni yakamuva yesibuyekezo, i-FSD isifana kakhulu nomuntu njengerobhothi elinobuntu, eliphatha izimo zokushayela ngendlela efana kakhulu nezimpendulo zabantu.
Isibonelo, endaweni yesehlakalo sokujikela kwesokunxele okungavikelekile, uma kunemoto ngakolunye uhlangothi lwempambanomgwaqo ijikela kwesokudla, imoto engakwesokudla sempambanamgwaqo iqonda ngqo, futhi kukhona umuntu ohamba nenja phezu kwedube. ukuwela kwesokunxele, uhlelo lwe-FSD luzohlinzeka ngezixazululo ezihlukahlukene: Sheshisa kwesokunxele ngaphambi kwabahamba ngezinyawo nezimoto. Jikela emgwaqeni; linda abahamba ngezinyawo nezimoto ezijikela kwesokudla ukuthi zidlule, bese ujikela kwesokunxele ngaphambi kokuba izimoto ezingakwesokudla zidlule ezimpambanweni zomgwaqo; noma ulinde abahamba ngezinyawo nezimoto nhlangothi zombili ukuthi zidlule ngaphambi kokujikela kwesokunxele.Esikhathini esidlule, kungenzeka ukuthi i-FSD yamukela indlela yokuqala eqinile, kodwa manje izokhetha indlela yesibili, emnene futhi engokwemvelo, futhi evumelana nokucabanga kwabashayeli abaningi abangabantu.Lokhu futhi kuwukubonakaliswa kokuphepha kobuhlakani bokwenziwa.
U-Tesla uthe uzothumela iqoqo lokuqala lamakhabethe we-10 Dojo supercomputer engxenyeni yokuqala ye-2023, okungukuthi, i-ExaPOD enamandla e-computing angaphezu kwe-1.1EFLOPS, okuzokwandisa ikhono lokulebula okuzenzakalelayo izikhathi ezingu-2.5; Umdwebo wesi-7 uhlela amaqoqo anjalo ukuze anikeze amandla amakhulu ngendlela engenakucatshangwa yekhompuyutha, asheshise ukuthuthukiswa kwamarobhothi okushayela ngokuzenzakalelayo namarobhothi e-humanoid, futhi ahole ekuthuthukisweni kwemboni.
Khulula abasebenzi futhi uguqule isiphetho sesintu
Izinguquko ezilethwa ukushayela okuzimele embonini yezokuthutha zingachazwa njengenguquko, futhi ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqizwa kwezokuthutha kungathuthukiswa okungenani ngokuhleleka kobukhulu noma ngaphezulu.Amarobhothi ayoba nokubaluleka okukhulu emphakathini futhi azoshintsha isiphetho sesintu.
UMusk uthe: “Uma ukhuluma ngamarobhothi, ucabanga ngokuthuthuka komnotho. Isici esibalulekile somnotho abasebenzi, futhi uma singasebenzisa amarobhothi ukuzuza izindleko eziphansi zabasebenzi, ekugcineni kuzoholela ekuthuthukisweni komnotho ngokushesha.”
Uguquko lwesine lwezimboni olumelelwe ubuhlakani bokwenziwa seluya phambili. Njengenkundla yehadiwe ekahle kakhulu yobuhlakani bokwenziwa, amarobhothi e-humanoid azokhulula ingxenye enkulu yabasebenzi embonini yemfundo ephakeme kuyilapho esheshisa ukukhululwa kwabasebenzi bezimboni eziyinhloko nesesibili. Ukushoda kwezisebenzi okubangelwa izinga eliphansi lokuzalwa nokuguga kuzoxazululwa.
Akukhona lokho kuphela, esikhathini esizayo, ngokubamba iqhaza kwamarobhothi, abantu bazokwazi ukukhetha ngokukhululekile imisebenzi, phakathi kwayo imisebenzi elula ephindaphindayo ingenziwa ngamarobhothi, okuzoba yisinqumo kubantu, hhayi isidingo.Abantu abaningi bangangena emikhakheni ebaluleke kakhulu yabantu - indalo, ucwaningo nentuthuko, izinhlangano ezisiza umphakathi, izimpilo zabantu… Vumela abantu baphokophele ezingeni eliphezulu lezobuchwepheshe kanye nempucuko kamoya.
Ngesibusiso se-supercomputer ye-Dojo, u-Tesla uzothuthuka ngokushesha emkhakheni wobuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye namarobhothi e-humanoid. Njengamanje, ubuchwepheshe obuseduze be-intelligence yokufakelwa kithi yi-FSD, esevele yafika ezimotweni ze-Tesla.Uma kuqhathaniswa nemoto ye-Tesla esebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-homologous intelligence yokufakelwa futhi isivele ingene empilweni, i-Optimus, irobhothi "eliseduze kakhulu nokukhiqizwa kwenqwaba" ye-humanoid, isadinga iminyaka embalwa ukuze isihlangabeze ngempela, ngoba uTesla Pull uthatha indlela ecophelela kakhulu futhi uqinisekisa letha imikhiqizo ethembekile nephephile.
UMusk uthe: “Ngiyethemba ukuthi singaqikelela kakhulu ukuvumela i-Optimus izuzise isintu futhi ilethe esikudingayo empucukweni yethu, esintwini, futhi ngikholelwa ukuthi lokhu kucace kakhulu futhi kubaluleke kakhulu.” Esikhathini esizayo, abantu ngeke kusadingeka bajahe ukusinda, kodwa bazinikele ezintweni abazithandayo ngempela.
Ngaleso sikhathi, esizokhumbula ubuciko obuthinta umphefumulo, ubuchwepheshe obukhuthaza inqubekelaphambili yomphakathi, kanye nezenzo ezinhle ezibonisa ukucwazimula kwesintu, kunokungcoliswa kwemvelo, ukumoshwa kwezinsiza, ukuncintisana ngezithakazelo, impi, ubumpofu. … Izwe elisha elingcono lingase lifike ekugcineni. .
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-03-2022