1. Isifunda sokulawula ngesandla
Lena isekethe yokulawula okwenziwa ngesandla esebenzisa amaswishi emimese nama-circuit breaker ukulawula ukusebenza kokucisha kwesekhethi yezigaba ezintathu ze-asynchronous motorManual control circuit.
Isekethe inesakhiwo esilula futhi ifaneleka kuphela kumamotor amancane aqala ngokungavamile.I-motor ayikwazi ukulawulwa ngokuzenzakalelayo, futhi ayikwazi ukuvikelwa ekulahlekelweni kwamandla ka-zero nokulahlekelwa kwamandla kagesi.Faka isethi yamafuse FU ukwenza injini ibe nokugcwala ngokweqile kanye nokuvikelwa kwesekethe emfushane.
2. Isekhethi yokulawula ukugijima
Ukuqala nokuma kwenjini kulawulwa inkinobho yokushintsha, futhi i-contactor isetshenziselwa ukubona ukusebenza kokucisha kwenjini.
Isici: Uma injini kusekhethi yokulawula i-jog izosebenza ngokuqhubekayo, inkinobho yokuqala ethi SB kufanele ihlale ibanjwe ngesandla.
3. Umjikelezo wokulawula ukusebenza okuqhubekayo (ukulawula ukunyakaza okude)
Ukuqala nokuma kwenjini kulawulwa inkinobho yokushintsha, futhi i-contactor isetshenziselwa ukubona ukusebenza kokucisha kwenjini.
4. Isekhethi yokulawula ukugijima nokuhamba isikhathi eside
Eminye imishini yokukhiqiza idinga injini ukuthi ikwazi ukunyakazisa kokubili i-jog kanye nende. Isibonelo, lapho ithuluzi lomshini elijwayelekile lisebenza ngokujwayelekile, injini ijikeleza ngokuqhubekayo, okungukuthi, isikhathi eside, kuyilapho ngokuvamile kudingekile ukugijima ngesikhathi sokuthunywa nokulungiswa.
1. Isekhethi yokulawula i-Jog kanye nokunyakaza okude elawulwa ukushintsha kokudlulisa
2. Amasekhethi okulawula okugijima nokuhamba isikhathi eside alawulwa izinkinobho eziyinhlanganisela
Ukufingqa, isihluthulelo sokwazi ukulawula isikhathi eside nokugijima kolayini ukuthi kungaqinisekisa yini ukuthi igatsha elizikhiyayo lixhumekile ngemva kokuba ikhoyili ye-KM inikwe amandla.Uma igatsha lokuzikhiya lingaxhunywa, ukunyakaza okude kungafinyelelwa, ngaphandle kwalokho ukunyakaza kwe-jog kuphela kungafinyelelwa.
5. Isekhethi yokulawula phambili futhi uhlehlise
Ukulawula okuya phambili nokuhlehlayo kuphinde kubizwe ngokuthi ukulawula okubuyisela emuva, okukwazi ukubona ukunyakaza kwezingxenye zokukhiqiza kuzo zombili izikhombisi-ndlela ezinhle nezingezinhle phakathi nokukhiqiza.Ukuze injini ye-asynchronous enezigaba ezintathu, ibone ukulawula okuya phambili nokuhlehlayo, idinga kuphela ukushintsha ukulandelana kwesigaba sokuphakelwa kwayo kwamandla, okungukuthi, ukulungisa noma yiziphi izigaba ezimbili zemigqa yamandla yezigaba ezintathu kusekethe enkulu.
Kunezindlela ezimbili zokulawula ezivame ukusetshenziswa: enye iwukusebenzisa inkinobho yokuhlanganisa ukushintsha ukulandelana kwesigaba, kanti enye iwukusebenzisa othintana naye oyinhloko we-contactor ukushintsha ukulandelana kwesigaba.Eyangaphambili ifaneleka kakhulu amamotho adinga ukujikeleziswa phambili nokuhlehla njalo, kuyilapho eyokugcina ifaneleka kakhulu amamotho adinga ukujikeleza okuya phambili nokuhlehla njalo.
1. Positive-stop-reverse control circuit
Inkinga eyinhloko yama-circuits okulawula ugesi axhuma phambili nangemuva ukuthi lapho usuka kwesinye isiqondisi kuya kwesinye, inkinobho yokumisa i-SB1 kufanele icindezelwe kuqala, futhi ukuguqulwa akunakwenziwa ngokuqondile, okusobala ukuthi akulungile kakhulu.
2. Isekhethi yokulawula okuya phambili-reverse-stop
Lesi sifunda sihlanganisa izinzuzo zokuhlanganisa ugesi kanye nokuhlanganisa izinkinobho, futhi isifunda esiphelele esingakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokuqalisa okuqondile kokujikeleza phambili nokuhlehlayo, kodwa futhi kunokuphepha okuphezulu nokuthembeka.
Isixhumanisi sokuvikela umugqa
(1) Ukuvikelwa kwesekethe emfishane Isekethe enkulu inqanyulwa ukuncibilika kwe-fuse uma kwenzeka kuba nesekhethi emfishane.
(2) Ukuvikelwa kokulayishwa ngokweqile kwenziwa ngokudlulisela okushisayo.Ngenxa yokuthi i-thermal inertia ye-thermal relay inkulu ngokuqhathaniswa, ngisho noma i-current izikhathi ezimbalwa i-current rated igeleza ku-thermal element, i-thermal relay ngeke isebenze ngokushesha.Ngakho-ke, lapho isikhathi sokuqala se-motor singeside kakhulu, i-relay ye-thermal ingakwazi ukumelana nomthelela wokuqala wamanje we-motor futhi ngeke isebenze.Kuphela uma injini igcwele isikhathi eside, izosebenza, inqamule isifunda sokulawula, ikhoyili ye-contactor izolahlekelwa amandla, inqamule isifunda esikhulu se-motor, futhi ibone ukuvikelwa kokulayisha ngokweqile.
(3) Ukuvikelwa kwe-undervoltage kanye ne-undervoltage Ukuvikelwa kwe-undervoltage kanye ne-undervoltage kubonakala ngoxhumana nabo abazikhiyayo be-contactor KM.Ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile kwe-motor, i-voltage yegridi iyanyamalala noma yehla ngesizathu esithile. Lapho i-voltage iphansi kune-voltage yokukhululwa yekhoyili ye-contactor, i-contactor iyakhululwa, othintana naye ozikhiyayo uyanqanyulwa, futhi othintana naye oyinhloko unqanyuliwe, ukunqanyulwa kwamandla emoto. ,imoto iyama.Uma i-voltage yokunikezwa kwamandla ibuyela evamile, ngenxa yokukhululwa kwe-self-lock, injini ngeke iqale ngokwayo, igweme izingozi.
• Izindlela zokuqalisa isekethe ezingenhla ziwukuqalisa i-full-voltage.
Lapho umthamo we-transformer uvumela, i-squirrel-cage asynchronous motor kufanele iqalwe ngokuqondile ku-voltage egcwele ngangokunokwenzeka, engakwazi nje ukuthuthukisa ukuthembeka kwesifunda sokulawula, kodwa futhi inciphise umthwalo wokugcinwa kwemishini kagesi.
6. Isekhethi yokuya phansi yokuqala ye-asynchronous motor
• I-voltage egcwele yokuqala yamanje ye-asynchronous motor ngokuvamile ingafinyelela izikhathi ezingu-4-7 zamanje ezilinganiselwe.Ukuqala kwamanje kakhulu kuzonciphisa impilo yemoto, kubangele ukuthi i-voltage yesibili ye-transformer yehle kakhulu, inciphise i-torque yokuqala ye-motor ngokwayo, futhi yenze i-motor ingakwazi ukuqala, futhi iphinde ithinte ukusebenza okuvamile kwezinye. okokusebenza kunethiwekhi efanayo yokuphakelwa kwamandla.Indlela yokwahlulela ukuthi injini ingaqala nge-voltage egcwele?
• Ngokuvamile, lezo ezinamandla ezinjini ezingaphansi kuka-10kW zingaqalwa ngokuqondile.Ukuthi i-asynchronous motor engaphezu kuka-10kW ivunyelwe ukuqala ngokuqondile kuncike esilinganisweni somthamo wemoto namandla okuguqula amandla.
• Ngenjini yomthamo othile, ngokuvamile sebenzisa ifomula yokuhlola elandelayo ukuze ulinganise.
•Iq/Ie≤3/4+umthamo wesiguquli samandla (kVA)/[4×umthamo wemoto (kVA)]
• Kufomula, i-Iq—motor full voltage starting current (A); Okungukuthi-i-motor rated current (A).
• Uma umphumela wokubala uhlangabezana nefomula yokuhlola engenhla, ngokuvamile kungenzeka ukuthi uqale ngengcindezi egcwele, ngaphandle kwalokho, akuvunyelwe ukuqala ngengcindezi egcwele, futhi ukuqalisa kukagesi okuncishisiwe kufanele kucatshangelwe.
•Ngezinye izikhathi, ukuze kukhawulwe futhi kuncishiswe umthelela wetorque eqalayo kumshini wokukhanda, injini evumela ukuqalisa kwe-voltage egcwele iphinde isebenzisa indlela yokuqala ye-voltage encishisiwe.
• Kunezindlela ezimbalwa zokuqalisa phansi ukuqalisa phansi kwe-squirrel-cage asynchronous motors: stator circuit series resistance (noma ukusabela) ukusuka phansi ukuqala, i-auto-transformer step-down start, Y-△ step-down start, △-△ isinyathelo -ukuqala phansi, njll. Lezi zindlela zisetshenziselwa ukukhawulela i-current current (ngokuvamile, i-manje yokuqala ngemva kokunciphisa i-voltage izikhathi ezingu-2-3 zamanje ezilinganiselwe ze-motor), ukunciphisa ukwehla kwamandla kagesi, futhi uqinisekise ukusebenza okuvamile kwempahla kagesi yomsebenzisi ngamunye.
1. Ukumelana kochungechunge (noma ukusabela) isifunda sokulawula sokuqalisa phansi isinyathelo phansi
Ngesikhathi senqubo yokuqala yemoto, ukumelana (noma ukusabela) kuvame ukuxhunywa ochungechungeni kumjikelezo we-stator wezigaba ezintathu ukuze kuncishiswe i-voltage kumawindi e-stator, ukuze injini iqalwe ku-voltage encishisiwe ukufeza inhloso. yokukhawulela imanje lokuqala.Uma ijubane lemoto seliseduze nenani elilinganiselwe, nqamula ukumelana nochungechunge (noma ukusabela), ukuze injini ingene ekusebenzeni okuvamile kwe-voltage egcwele.Umqondo wokuklama walolu hlobo lwesekethe ngokuvamile ukusebenzisa isimiso sesikhathi ukunqamula ukumelana (noma ukusabela) ochungechungeni lapho uqala ukuqedela inqubo yokuqala.
Isekhethi yokulawula intambo ye-Stator eyehlayo yokulawula
•Inzuzo yokuqala ukumelana nochungechunge ukuthi isifunda sokulawula sinesakhiwo esilula, izindleko eziphansi, isenzo esithembekile, isici samandla esithuthukisiwe, futhi sisiza ekuqinisekiseni ikhwalithi yegridi yamandla.Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokwehliswa kwe-voltage yokumelana nentambo ye-stator, isiqalo samanje siyancipha ngokulingana ne-stator voltage, futhi i-torque yokuqala iyancipha ngokuvumelana nezikhathi zesikwele zesilinganiso sokwehla kwe-voltage.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isiqalo ngasinye sisebenzisa amandla amaningi.Ngakho-ke, i-asynchronous motor yesigaba sesithathu se-squirrel-cage isebenzisa indlela yokuqala yokumelana nesinyathelo-phansi, efanelekile kuphela kumamotor amancane naphakathi nendawo adinga ukuqala okushelelayo kanye nezikhathi lapho ukuqala kungavamile khona.Amamotho amakhulu ngokuvamile asebenzisa uchungechunge lokusuka phansi lokusabela.
2. I-String autotransformer isinyathelo-phansi sokuqala umjikelezo wokulawula
• Emjikelezweni wokulawula wesinyathelo sokuya phansi se-auto-transformer, ukukhawulela amandla okuqala enjini kubonakala ngesenzo sokuya phansi se-auto-transformer.Okuyinhloko kwe-autotransformer ixhunywe kumandla kagesi, kanti eyesibili ye-autotransformer ixhunywe emotweni.Eyesibili ye-autotransformer ngokuvamile inompompi abangu-3, futhi izinhlobo ezi-3 zama-voltage amanani ahlukene zingatholakala.Uma isetshenziswa, ingakhethwa ngokuguquguqukayo ngokuya ngezidingo zokuqala zamanje kanye ne-torque yokuqala.Lapho i-motor iqala, i-voltage etholwe yi-stator winding yi-voltage yesibili ye-autotransformer. Lapho isiqalo sesiqediwe, i-autotransformer iyanqunywa, futhi injini ixhunywe ngokuqondile kumandla kagesi, okungukuthi, i-voltage eyinhloko ye-autotransformer iyatholakala, futhi injini ingena ekusebenzeni okugcwele kwamandla kagesi.Lolu hlobo lwe-autotransformer luvame ukubizwa ngokuthi isinxephezelo sokuqala.
• Phakathi nenqubo yokuqala yokuya phansi kwe-autotransformer, isilinganiso samanje sokuqala kuya ku-torque yokuqala sincishiswa yisikwele sesilinganiso sokuguqulwa.Ngaphansi kwesimo sokuthola i-torque efanayo yokuqala, okwamanje okutholwe kugridi yamandla ngesinyathelo sokuya phansi kwe-autotransformer kuncane kakhulu kunokuqala kwesinyathelo sokuya phansi sokumelana, umthelela kugridi yamanje mncane, nokulahlekelwa amandla. incane.Ngakho-ke, i-autotransformer ibizwa ngokuthi isinxephezelo sokuqala.Ngamanye amazwi, uma i-current yokuqala yobukhulu obufanayo itholakala kugridi yamandla, isinyathelo-phansi esiqala nge-autotransformer sizokhiqiza i-torque enkulu yokuqala.Le ndlela yokuqala ivame ukusetshenziselwa izinjini ezinomthamo omkhulu kanye nokusebenza okujwayelekile ekuxhumekeni kwenkanyezi.Okubi ukuthi i-autotransformer iyabiza, isakhiwo sokumelana nesihlobo siyinkimbinkimbi, umthamo mkhulu, futhi uklanywe futhi wakhiwe ngokuvumelana nesistimu yokusebenza engapheli, ngakho-ke ukusebenza okuvamile akuvunyelwe.
3. Y-△ isiyingi sokulawula sokwehla siyehla
• Inzuzo yesigaba sesithathu se-squirrel-cage asynchronous motor ene-Y-△ step-down iqala ukuthi: uma i-stator winding ixhunywe kwinkanyezi, i-voltage yokuqala ingu-1/3 walokho lapho uxhumano lwe-delta lusetshenziswa ngokuqondile, futhi ukuqala kwamanje kungu-1/3 walokho lapho kusetshenziswa uxhumano lwe-delta. /3, ngakho-ke izici zamanje zokuqala zinhle, isifunda silula, futhi ukutshalwa kwezimali kuncane.Okubi ukuthi i-torque yokuqala iphinde yehliswe ibe yi-1/3 yendlela yokuxhuma i-delta, futhi izici ze-torque zimbi.Ngakho-ke lo mugqa ulungele ukulayisha okulula noma izikhathi zokuqalisa ezingalayishiwe.Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukuhambisana kwesiqondiso sokuzungeza kufanele kunakwe lapho kuxhunywa i-Y-
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-30-2022