Ukuhlelwa “kokutshalwa kwezimali” okudangele kwe-NIO eziteshini zokushintshisana kukagesi kwenziwa inhlekisa ngokuthi “isivumelwano sokuphonsa imali”, kodwa “Isaziso Sokuthuthukisa Inqubomgomo Yomxhaso Wezezimali Wokuphromothwa Nokusetshenziswa Kwezimoto Ezintsha Zamandla” sakhishwa ngokuhlanganyela izingqongqoshe ezine kanye namakhomishana azoqinisa ukwakhiwa kweziteshi zokushintshwa kukagesi. Ngemva kosizo lokushintsha imodeli yebhethri , yonke into iyahluka. Ngokusekelwa umbuso, imboni yokushintshisana kwamandla manje isihlukile kulokho eyayiyikho ngaphambili. Akuyona nje i-Weilai kuphela, kodwa nezinkampani eziningi ezifana ne-GAC Aian, i-Ningde Times, i-Tesla, ne-Volkswagen ziye zatshala imali embonini yokushintshanisa amandla. Ngakho-ke, itshe elilodwa lavusa amagagasi ayinkulungwane, futhi imodi yokushintshanisa amandla ngokushesha yavusa izingxoxo embonini. Ngisho nabangane beqembu labalandeli be-“EMF” abakwazanga ukuhlala bathule babuza, “Ingabe imodi yokushintshisana kwamandla ingenzeka?”
1,
Ukuhlola okungapheli.
Eqinisweni, ukuhlolwa kwemodi yokushintshanisa amandla kwaqalwa eShayina eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-20 edlule. Ngo-2000, i-Dianba New Energy yasungulwa. Intuthuko yabeka isisekelo. Kusukela ngo-2010 kuya ku-2015, i-State Grid kanye ne-Xuji Electric bangena emkhakheni wokushintshaniswa kwamandla, kodwa kwabuyela emuva, futhi ukutshalwa kwezimali kwabo akuzange kuzuze imiphumela emihle.
Imodeli yokushintshisana kwamandla isingenise ngempela uguquko ekuthuthukisweni. Eqinisweni, ngo-2016, ukubambisana phakathi kwe-BAIC New Energy kanye ne-Aodong New Energy yethula "Uhlelo Oluyinhloko Lwezindawo Eziyishumi Neziteshi Eziyinkulungwane ze-Optimus Prime", futhi imodeli yokushintshanisa amandla emoto yabagibeli yethulwa emakethe yamatekisi kagesi. . Bese, izinkampani zezimoto ezijwayelekile ezifuywayo ezifana ne-Weilai, i-GAC Aian, i-FAW Hongqi, ne-Geely zengeze “ubuchwepheshe bokushintshanisa amandla webhethri ye-chassis yamandla” kwamanye amamodeli, okukhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa kwemodi yokushintshisana kwamandla.
Ikakhulukazi kulo nyaka, ingenise "unyaka wokuqala wokushintsha ibhethri", futhi izinkampani eziningi zikhiphe imibhalo yazo emkhakheni wokushintsha ibhethri.
NgoJanuwari 18, i-CATL enkulu yebhethri yamandla yethula i-EVOGO, uhlobo lwesevisi yokushintsha ibhethri.NgoJuni 18, i-CATL yethula isevisi yokushintsha ibhethri ye-EVOGO e-Hefei, e-Anhui.
NgoJanuwari 24, i-Lifan Technology kanye ne-Geely Automobile ngokuhlanganyela basungula inkampani ehlangene, i-Ruilan Automobile, eyangena emakethe yezimoto zamandla amasha "ngamandla amasha okushintshanisa amabhethri" futhi yakha imikhiqizo emisha ngokusekelwe kupulatifomu yokushintsha amabhethri eyakhiwe ngokwayo (GBRC). ukushintsha ibhethri). platform) ehlanganisa ama-sedans, ama-SUV , ama-MPV ngisho nezimoto zelogistics namanye amamodeli, kanye nokwenza imizamo ekudunyisweni kwemoto ye-B-end kanye nezidingo zokushintshana kwamandla zabasebenzisi abangabodwana be-C ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ngomhla zingama-27 kuMbasa, i-CATL ne-AIWAYS basayine isivumelwano sohlaka lokubambisana lwephrojekthi yokushintshwa kwebhethri ye-EVOGO. Ngokusho kwesivumelwano, zombili izinhlangothi zizosebenzisa i-AIWAYS U5 njengenkampani yenethiwekhi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ngokuhlanganyela inguqulo ehlanganisiwe yokushintsha amabhethri, okuhlelwe ukuthi yethulwe emakethe ngekota yesine yalo nyaka. , Abanikazi be-Aiways abakhetha inguqulo ehlanganisiwe yokushintsha ibhethri bangajabulela isevisi yokushintsha ibhethri ye-EVOGO ehlukanisa amandla emoto, isabalalisa ugesi lapho kudingeka, futhi ingashajwa futhi ishintshwe.
NgoMeyi 6, i-Changan Deep Blue yamemezela imininingwane yokucushwa kwe-sedan yayo i-C385, engasekela imithombo yamandla eyahlukene okuhlanganisa izindlela zokushintshwa kwebhethri. Imoto entsha izokwethulwa ngokusemthethweni ngo-Agasti. Ngomhla zi-2 kuJuni, iqoqo lokuqala lamatekisi ashintshwa ngamabhethri (Nezha U Pro) afika e-Nanning, e-Guangxi balethwa ngokusemthethweni . I-Hezhong, i-Chery namanye ama-OEM angu-16 afinyelele ekuthuthukisweni kokubambisana kwamamodeli wokushintsha amabhethri angu-30+) Iqhutshwa inethiwekhi yesevisi yokushintshanisa amabhethri okwabelwana ngayo eyakhiwe e-Nanning kanye nenqubomgomo yokushintsha amabhethri, u-Hozon Nezha uhlanganyela ne-Aodong New Energy kanye ne-Northern Taxi Inkampani futhi amanye amabhizinisi akhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokushintshashintsha kwamandla emakethe ye-Nanning. NgoJuni 13, u-MG MULAN ukhiphe ngokusemthethweni into entsha egqamile yobuchwepheshe, futhi ibhethri le-SAIC “Magic Cube” elingasekela ukushintshana kwamandla lasuswa ukubethela okokuqala ngqa. NgoJulayi 6, i-NIO yathi isamba seziteshi zokushintshwa kwamabhethri ezweni sesifinyelele ku-1,011. I-Ruilan Automobile izonabela kuzo zonke izingxenye zezwe nge-“Chongqing” njengekamu layo lokwakha. Ihlela ukwakha iziteshi zokushintsha amabhethri ezingaphezu kuka-5,000 ngo-2025, ezihlanganisa i-100. ngaphezu kwamadolobha.
Izenzo ezivamile zezimoto ezintsha zamandla njenge-SAIC, i-Changan, ne-Nezha emakethe yokushintshanisa amabhethri konke kusekelwe ekushayeleni kwamasondo amabili ezidingo nezinqubomgomo zabasebenzisi.
Kuyaqondakala ukuthi izinga lokungena kwezimoto ezintsha ezisebenza ngamandla kulindeleke ukuthi lidlule ku-30% ngo-2025, okukhuphula kakhulu isidingo sabasebenzisi sokwengezwa kwamandla.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngo-2020, izinsiza zokushaja zizofakwa ezindaweni ezintsha eziyisikhombisa zengqalasizinda; kusukela ngo-2021, izinqubomgomo ezifanele ziye zethulwa ngokuqhubekayo, futhi umbiko womsebenzi kahulumeni uphakamisa ngokusobala ukwandisa ukwakhiwa kwezikhungo ezifana nokushaja izinqwaba.kanye neziteshi zokushintshisana.
2,
Izinzuzo kanye nokubi ngokushintshana kwebhethri.
Njengamanje, amandla engeziwe ezimoto zikagesi ancike ezindleleni ezimbili: ukushintshanisa ibhethri nokushaja, kodwa izihloko ezinjengokuthi “ingabe ukushintsha ibhethri kuzothatha indawo yokushaja?” futhi “ingabe imodi yokushintsha ibhethri ingcono noma imodi yokushaja ingcono?” , ezinye izinkampani zezimoto ngisho nongoti bezimboni bakholelwa ukuthi basebudlelwaneni obunokuncintisana.
Phambilini, uTong Zongqi, umqondisi woMnyango Wezokwazisa we-China Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Promotion Alliance, uthe, “Okwamanje, imodi yokushintsha amabhethri igxile kakhulu emkhakheni wokusebenza kanye namaloli amakhulu. Izimoto ezintsha zamandla kagesi embonini ezimele zisabuswa ukushajwa kancane, okulekelelwa ukushaja okusheshayo, nokushintshwa kwamabhethri. Ngeke kube okujwayelekile njengesengezo. ”
Abanye ochwepheshe baphinde bathi ukushaja okusheshayo kunomonakalo omkhulu kubhethri lamandla futhi kunomthelela omkhulu kugridi yamandla. Ikakhulukazi uma inombolo enkulu yezimoto zikagesi zisebenzisa ukushaja okusheshayo ngesikhathi esifanayo, igridi yamandla wendawo izoba ngaphansi kwengcindezi enkulu, futhi ukushintshwa kwebhethri kuzoba nomthelela omkhulu ebhethri. Umonakalo mncane uma kuqhathaniswa, kanti ugesi wezinga eliphezulu nowesigodi nawo ungasetshenziswa, okungathuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla.
U-Li Shufu, usihlalo we-Geely Holding Group, omele i-National People's Congress, uhlongoze ukwandisa ukwakhiwa kwesistimu yokushintshanisa ugesi ezimisweni ezimbili zalo nyaka. Ukholelwa ukuthi imodi yokushintshanisa amandla yokuhlukaniswa kwemoto nogesi inezinzuzo ezimbili phezu kwemodi yokushaja, okuwukugcwalisa amandla okuphumelelayo nokunciphisa izindleko.
Mayelana nokwengeza amandla asebenza kahle kakhulu, lapho izimoto zikagesi emakethe zisebenzisa imodi yokushaja okusheshayo, izimoto eziningi zikagesi zingashajwa ukusuka ku-30% kuye ku-80% cishe imizuzu engama-30 (empeleni imvamisa engaphezu kwemizuzu engama-30), futhi kuthatha imizuzu engu-1 -5 kuphela noma kunjalo.Kubikwa ukuthi isiteshi sakamuva sokushintshisana samandla se-Aodong New Energy sesizukulwane sesine sizuze yonke inqubo yomzuzu ongu-1, futhi inqubo yokushintshisana kwamandla ithatha kuphela i-20S, eqhathaniswa neyegalaji likaphethiloli.
Ngokwezindleko, amabhethri kagesi alinganiselwa ku-40% wemoto yonke. Imodi yokushaja "yokuhlanganiswa kwemoto nogesi" inyusa kakhulu izindleko zemoto yonke. Kumodi yokuhlukanisa ugesi wemoto, intengo yokuthenga yemoto kagesi ingancishiswa kuze kufike kuhhafu.Ngakho-ke, imodi yokushintsha ibhethri ayifinyeleli nje kuphela isikhathi sokushaja, kodwa futhi ikhulula ukucindezela kugridi yamandla, futhi inganciphisa intengo, okuye kwaba yinto egxile kakhulu emabhizinisini.
Empeleni, imodi yokushintsha ibhethri ilula kakhulu, okungukuthi, i-chassis noma iphakethe lebhethri lamandla angemuva elisetshenziswa emotweni entsha yamandla iguqulelwa kubuchwepheshe bokushintsha ibhethri, futhi iphakethe lebhethri liyasuswa bese lishintshwa esiteshini sokushintshwa ukuze kuzuzwe inhloso yokwengeza amandla.
Isizathu sokuthi kungani izinkampani eziningi zinaka imodi yokushintsha ibhethri ukuthi ifanele “ukushajwa kabusha, ukushintshwa, futhi ithuthukiswe” ezimeni ezahlukene, futhi inezici zokuhlukahluka, ukusebenza kahle, ukunethezeka, nokuphepha.Ngaphezu kwesengezo esisebenza kahle kakhulu esishiwo ngenhla, izinzuzo zako zifaka amaphuzu amane alandelayo:
1. Nweba impilo yebhethri.Ibhethri kwimodi yokushintshanisa ibhethri ishajwa ngesivinini esifanayo futhi igxiliswe endaweni yokushaja engashintshi yezinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama, evikela i-SOH (impilo) ne-SOC (uhla lokuhamba ngomkhumbi) ebhethrini. Ngisho noma kubanda, inganikeza ngokushesha ukushaja okuphelele emotweni. Ibhethri, ungakhathazeki ngokungashaji.
2. Thuthukisa ukuphepha kwebhethri.Kumodi yokushintshanisa ibhethri, ingemuva lesiteshi esishintshayo lizohlaziya isimo sebhethri ngesikhathi futhi lisuse amaphutha ebhethri nokunye ukuphathwa kokuphepha, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe ukusha kwemoto nokulahlekelwa kokuphepha okubangelwa ukuphela kokushisa kwebhethri lamandla.
3. Yehlisa umkhawulo wokuthenga imoto.Uma kuqhathaniswa nemodi yokushaja “yokuhlanganisa ugesi wemoto”, imodi yokushintshisana yamandla “yokuhlukaniswa kogesi wemoto” ifanele ukuqashiswa izicaciso ezihlukene zamabhethri wamandla ezimweni ezihlukene zokuhamba, ezingehlisi kuphela izindleko zokuthenga komsebenzisi, kodwa futhi zibone isikhathi eside. -Izimo ezihlala njalo zokusetshenziswa kwemoto. .
4. Okulungele ukugaywa kabusha.Isibonelo, ukusetshenziswa kwe-cascade yamabhethri e-lithium kungathuthukisa ngempumelelo umthelela ophelele wezomnotho womphakathi wonke.
Yiqiniso, kukhona okuhle nokubi ekushintsheni.Ukushintsha ibhethri kuyimboni yempahla enzima, enomthwalo omkhulu wezindleko kubatshalizimali kanye nesikhathi eside sokukhokha. Ukuxhuma njalo nokukhipha amabhethri kagesi kuyingozi.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abanye ochwepheshe baye babonisa ukuthi isilinganiso sezimoto ezishintshiwe ukuze sigcine amabhethri kufanele sibe ngu-1:1.3 ukuze sibe nengqondo, kodwa akunjalo.
Uma sithatha i-NIO njengesibonelo, isilinganiso samanje se-NIO ekushintshweni kwebhethri sicishe sibe ngu-1:1.04. Ngenxa yokuthi isilinganiso sokuthengwa kwezimoto nokushintshwa kwebhethri ngokusobala asilingani, i-NIO ibilokhu yakha amabhethri ashintshayo eminyakeni emibili edlule. Ngemizamo eyenziwa esiteshini samandla kagesi, uhlelo lokuthenga izimoto zakwa-Baas olwethulwe i-Weilai seluphenduke indlela yokuphromotha ukuthengiswa kwezimoto ezintsha.
Ngomhla zingama-28 kuNhlangulana, i-NIO yathi isihlinzeke ngezinsiza zokushintshwa kwamabhethri ezingaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-9.7 eziteshini ezishintshayo ezingama-997 emhlabeni jikelele, futhi yaqeda izinqwaba ezishajwe ngokweqile eziyi-4,795 kanye nezinqwaba zokushaja izindawo eziyi-4,391, kodwa kusesesimweni sokulahlekelwa. .
3,
Kunobunzima obuningi, futhi imodeli yenzuzo iyisivivinyo esiphezulu.
Isizathu esenza ezinye izinkampani zezimoto zingabi nethemba ngemodeli yokushintshwa kwebhethri ukuthi isebenza ekuhlosweni okukodwa futhi ayinawo amazinga.
Ngenxa yomehluko ekwakhiweni kwebhethri lamandla, izinto zokwakha, ubuchwepheshe, njll., ukuminyana kwamandla nosayizi wamabhethri wamandla akufani. Ngakho-ke, isiteshi sokushintshana kwamandla singasebenza kuphela imodeli eyodwa, okuzoholela kalula ezinsizeni zesiteshi samandla ezingasebenzi nokusebenza kahle kokusebenza. Izimo eziphansi nezinye, ngaleyo ndlela zikhuphule izindleko zokusebenza nesikali sokusetshenziswa kokwakhiwa kwesiteshi sokushintshisana ngogesi.
Eqinisweni, ingqondo eyisisekelo yokushintshashintsha kwebhethri isekuhlukanisweni kwemoto nogesi, amabhethri ajwayelekile, kanye nokufezekiswa kweluphu yamandla evaliwe ezimele.Nokho, kunzima ngempela ukulinganisa ibhethri. Kunezinhlobo ezingafinyelela kwezingu-145 zamabhethri kagesi emakethe. Izindlela zokushintshisana kwamandla zifaka ukushintshana kwamandla ezinhlangothini, ukushintshanisa kwamandla ebhokisi elingaphansi, kanye nokushintshisana kwamandla ka-chassis. Kunzima ukushintsha amandla amasha ngenxa yezizathu eziningi. Abakhiqizi banemibono yokuklama kanye nezindinganiso zamabhethri amandla, ngakho-ke uma ufuna ukufeza izinga "lokushintshaniswa kwebhethri yendawo yonke", udinga ukuwela igebe elikhulu.
Futhi ngenxa yobudlelwano bokuncintisana phakathi kwabakhiqizi bezimoto ezintsha zamandla, ukuklanywa kwamabhethri amandla kanye nendlela yokushintshana kwamandla kuyahlukaniswa, futhi akekho ozimisele ukudalula izixazululo zakhe noma amukele izixazululo eziyimbangi.
Njengamanje, izinkampani eziningi sezivele ziqala ukuklama okujwayelekile kwamaphakethe ebhethri, kodwa kuzothatha isikhathi ukwakha amandla okulwa.
Nokho, inselele enkulu kumodi yokushintsha amandla akukhona ukushoda kwezinga elihlanganisiwe lamabhethri wamandla, kodwa indlela yokuthuthukisa izinga lokusebenzisa isiteshi esisodwa ukuze kuzuzwe inzuzo.
Ngokwemodeli yokubala ye-CITIC Securities Research Institute, izindleko zokwakhiwa kwesiteshi esisodwa sesiteshi sokushintshwa kwezimoto zabagibeli cishe ziyizigidi ezingu-4.9 zamayuan, kanti izindleko zokwakhiwa kwesiteshi esisodwa sesiteshi sokushintshwa kwezimoto zezentengiselwano zingamayuan ayizigidi ezingu-10. Iphuzu lekhefu langaphambili lihambisana nama-20% wezinga lokusetshenziswa. Ukubala okunzima ukuphakela izimoto ezingama-60 ngosuku; Iphuzu lekhefu lakamuva liyi-10%, okungukuthi, izimoto ezingama-24 zihanjiswa ngosuku. Uma sibheka ngenani leziteshi ezishintshayo kulesi sigaba, indawo yokuphumula ayikwazi ukufinyelelwa nhlobo.
Idatha ingahlala ibonisa isimo sangempela kakhulu. Uma sithatha inkampani yesithathu yokushintshana kwamandla njengesibonelo, i-Aodong New Energy njengesibonelo, imali engenayo kusukela ngo-2018 kuya ku-2020 yayingama-yuan ayizigidi ezingu-82.4749, ama-yuan ayizigidi ezingu-212 kanye namayuan ayizigidi ezingu-190, kanti ukulahlekelwa okuphelele kube ngama-yuan ayizigidi ezingu-186, ama-yuan ayizigidi ezingu-162. kanye nama-yuan ayizigidi ezingu-249, nokulahlekelwa okuhlanganisiwe kwezigidi ezingu-597 zamayuan eminyakeni emithathu.
Ngakho-ke, lapho kubhekwa imakethe encane ye-inthanethi yokuthungatha izimoto, ukuhlelwa kweziteshi zokushintsha amabhethri akuphelele, futhi ukungahambisani kwezindinganiso zebhethri kuthinta izintshisekelo nezindlela zokuthuthukisa zabo bonke abathintekayo. Kunzima kakhulu kuma-OEM.
4,
ekugcineni:
Akunakuphikwa ukuthi, uma kuqhathaniswa nokushaja, ukushintshanisa ibhethri kunenzuzo enkulu ekusebenzeni kahle kokugcwalisa amandla.
Ingasaphathwa eyokuthi imodi yokushintsha ibhethri izongena esikhundleni semodi yokushaja ngokuzayo, okungenani ngokombono wezinkampani eziningi zezimoto ezibamba iqhaza kwimodi yokushintsha ibhethri, isisombululo sokushintsha ibhethri singenzeka, ukuphathwa kwebhethri okusebenzayo, kucatshangelwa ukugcinwa kwamandla. , futhi umthelela omncane kugridi yamandla uyashesha. Inkokhelo ayikwazi ukwenziwa.
Ngokombono wemboni, uma ukumiswa kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwamabhethri kagesi kwenziwa, kuzokwazi ukuzuza ukuphinda kusetshenziswe kabusha okuhlangene kanye nezinsizakalo zemakethe ezihlanganisiwe, okuzoqhuba ukuthuthukiswa komfula kanye nokwehla komfula uchungechunge lwemboni yezimoto zamandla amasha.
Mhlawumbe esikhathini eside esizayo, izimoto ezisebenza ngamandla amasha zisazosekelwa ngokuyinhloko ekushajweni okunensayo, kwengezwe ngokushaja okusheshayo nokushintshashintsha kwebhethri. Izinga elihlangene lebhethri lamandla kazwelonke alinakuxazululeka, kodwa sikholwa ukuthi inqobo nje uma kunesidingo emakethe, uhlelo lokulandelelwa ludinga ukuthuthukiswa. , inokulungiselelwa okuguquguqukayo kwemodi yokuhlukanisa ugesi wemoto. Ngemva kokubonwa kwemodi yokushintsha ibhethri, izinkampani eziningi zezimoto zakha iqembu ukuze zifinyelele amazinga ebhethri lamandla angu-2-3, bese imodi yokushintsha ibhethri kufanele ibe nendawo yokuphila nentuthuko.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-17-2022