Kusukela kubhethri ye-BYD's blade, kuya ebhethri le-Honeycomb Energy elingenayo i-cobalt, bese kuya ebhethrini le-sodium-ion yenkathi ye-CATL, imboni yebhethri yamandla ihlangabezane nokuqamba okusha okuqhubekayo. Septhemba 23, 2020 - Usuku Lwebhethri lweTesla, Isikhulu esiphezulu sakwaTesla u-Elon Musk ubonise umhlaba ibhethri elisha - ibhethri elingu-4680.
Ngaphambilini, ubukhulu bamabhethri e-lithium ayi-cylindrical ayengu-18650 no-21700, kanti angu-21700 ayenamandla angama-50% ngaphezu kuka-18650.Ibhethri le-4680 linomthamo weseli ophindwe kahlanu webhethri le-21700, futhi ibhethri elisha linganciphisa izindleko nge-kilowatt-hora nge-14% futhi likhulise ibanga lokuhamba ngo-16%.
UMusk washo ngokungananazi ukuthi leli bhethri lizokwenza imoto kagesi engu-$25,000 ibe khona.
Ngakho, leli bhethri eliyingozi livelaphi?Okulandelayo, sizihlaziya ngamunye ngamunye.
1. Liyini ibhethri le-4680?
Indlela kaTesla yokuqamba amabhethri amandla ilula kakhulu futhi iqondile.Ibhethri engu-4680, njengoba negama lisho, ibhethri eliyisilinda elinobubanzi beseli elilodwa elingu-46mm nobude obungu-80mm.
Osayizi abathathu abahlukene bamabhethri e-lithium-ion cylindrical
Njengoba kubonakala esithombeni, uma kuqhathaniswa nebhethri ye-Tesla yokuqala ye-18650 nebhethri ye-21700, ibhethri ye-4680 ibukeka njengendoda ende futhi enamandla.
Kodwa ibhethri le-4680 aliyona nje ukushintsha kosayizi, i-Tesla ifake ubuchwepheshe obuningi obusha ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza.
Okwesibili, ubuchwepheshe obusha bebhethri ye-4680
1. I-Electrodeless ear design
Intuitively, umuzwa omkhulu we-4680 ukuthi mkhulu.Pho kungani abanye abakhiqizi bengenzanga ibhethri libe likhulu esikhathini esidlule.Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi umthamo omkhulu kanye namandla aphezulu, ukushisa kuba nzima ukulawula futhi kukhulu usongo lokuphepha ekushisweni nasekuqhumeni.
Ngokusobala uTesla uye wakucabangela lokhu.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nebhethri le-cylindrical langaphambilini, ukusungulwa okusha kwesakhiwo kwebhethri engu-4680 ilugi engena-electrode, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-full lug.Ebhethrini elivamile eliyisilinda, amafoyili ethusi aphozithivu kanye nenegethivu kanye nesihlukanisi se-aluminium foil kuyapakishwa futhi kulimele. Ukuze kukhishwe ama-electrode, ucingo lomthofu olubizwa ngokuthi ithebhu lushiselwa emaphethelweni amabili ecwecwe lethusi kanye necwecwe le-aluminium.
Ubude bokusonta bebhethri yendabuko engu-1860 ngu-800mm. Ukuthatha icwecwe lethusi eline-conductivity engcono njengesibonelo, ubude bamathebhu okuholela ugesi ngaphandle kwefoyili yethusi bungama-800mm, okulingana nowamanje odlula ocingweni olude lwama-800mm.
Ngokwezibalo, ukumelana kucishe kube ngu-20mΩ, ubude bokusonga bebhethri elingu-2170 bucishe bube ngu-1000mm, kanti ukumelana kucishe kube ngu-23mΩ.Ingaguqulwa kalula ukuthi ifilimu yobukhulu obufanayo idinga ukugoqwa ibe yibhethri engu-4680, futhi ubude bokuphenduka buba ngu-3800mm.
Kuningi okungalungile ekwandiseni ubude bokuphenduka. Ama-electron adinga ukuhamba ibanga elide ukuze afinyelele amathebhu emikhawulweni yomibili yebhethri, ukumelana kuzokwanda, futhi ibhethri lizothambekela ekushiseni.Ukusebenza kwebhethri kuzokwehlisa izinga futhi kudale nezinkinga zokuphepha.Ukuze unciphise ibanga elihanjwa ama-electron, ibhethri le-4680 lisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bendlebe obungena-electrodeless.
Ithebhu ye-electrodeless ayinawo amathebhu, kodwa iphendulela yonke iqoqo lamanje libe ithebhu, indlela yokuqhuba ayisancikile kuthebhu, futhi yamanje idluliswa isuka ekudluliseleni kwe-lateral eduze kwethebhu iye epuleti lomqoqi ukuya ekudluliselweni kwe-longitudinal umqoqi wamanje.
Bonke ubude be-conductive bushintshile ukusuka ku-800 kuya ku-1000mm we-1860 noma ubude be-copper engu-2170 ukuya ku-80mm (ubude bebhethri).Ukumelana kuncishisiwe ku-2mΩ, futhi ukusetshenziswa kokumelana kwangaphakathi kuncishisiwe kusuka ku-2W kuya ku-0.2W, okuncishiswa ngokuqondile ngomyalelo wobukhulu.
Lo mklamo unciphisa kakhulu i-impedance yebhethri futhi uxazulula inkinga yokushisa yebhethri ye-cylindrical.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ubuchwepheshe bendlebe ye-electrodeless yandisa indawo yokuqhuba yamanje, bufinyeza ibanga le-conduction yamanje, futhi kunciphisa kakhulu ukumelana kwangaphakathi kwebhethri; ukuncishiswa kokumelana kwangaphakathi kunganciphisa into yamanje ye-offset futhi kwandise impilo yebhethri; ukuncishiswa kokumelana nakho kunganciphisa isizukulwane sokushisa, futhi i-electrode conductive coating Indawo yokuxhumana ephumelelayo phakathi kwesendlalelo ne-cap yokuphela kwebhethri ingafinyelela ku-100%, engathuthukisa amandla okukhipha ukushisa.
Ibhethri le-4680 lamukela uhlobo olusha lwe-electrodeless ear technology ngokwesakhiwo seseli, elinganciphisa izindleko nokwandisa ukusebenza kahle.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inqubo yokushisela yamathebhu ishiywe, ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kuyathuthukiswa, futhi izinga lesici elibangelwa ukushisela lingancishiswa ngesikhathi esifanayo.
Umdwebo we-Schematic we-monopole kanye nesakhiwo sezigxobo esigcwele
2. Kuhlanganiswe nobuchwepheshe be-CTC
Ngokuvamile, uma ibhethri lilikhulu, amabhethri ambalwa adinga ukufakwa emotweni efanayo.Ngamaseli angu-18650, i-Tesla idinga amaseli angu-7100.Uma usebenzisa amabhethri angu-4680, udinga amabhethri angu-900 kuphela.
Lapho amabhethri encipha, asheshe aqoqwe, ayanda ukusebenza kahle, ayancipha amathuba okuba nezinkinga kuzixhumanisi eziphakathi nendawo, kanye nentengo eshibhe.Ngokusho kukaTesla, i-4680 enkulu inganciphisa intengo yokukhiqiza amabhethri ngo-14%.
Ukuze uthuthukise ukuminyana kwamandla wephakethe lebhethri, ibhethri le-4680 lizohlanganiswa nobuchwepheshe be-CTC (Cell to Chassis).Okokuhlanganisa amaseli ebhethri ngqo ku-chassis.Ngokususa ngokuphelele amamojula namaphakethe ebhethri, amaseli ebhethri ahlangana kakhulu, inani lezingxenye zebhethri lizoncishiswa kakhulu, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwesikhala se-chassis nakho kuzothuthukiswa kakhulu.
I-CTC inezidingo ezithile emandleni esakhiwo sebhethri. Ibhethri ngokwayo kufanele ithwale amandla amaningi emishini. Uma kuqhathaniswa namabhethri angu-18650 kanye nangu-2170, ibhethri elilodwa elingu-4680 linamandla esakhiwo esikhudlwana namandla esakhiwo aphakeme, futhi ibhethri legobolondo eliyisikwele elivamile liyigobolondo le-aluminium. Igobolondo le-4680 lenziwe ngensimbi engagqwali, futhi amandla esakhiwo akhona aqinisekisiwe.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nebhethri yegobolondo lesikwele, ukuhlelwa kwebhethri ye-cylindrical kuzoba nezimo kakhulu, kungakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezinhlobonhlobo ze-chassis ehlukene, futhi kungahlanganiswa kangcono nesayithi.
Ngokusho kocwaningo nokwahlulela kwe- "EMF", ubuchwepheshe be-CTC buyi-tuyere yezimoto ezintsha zamandla ngo-2022, futhi buyimfoloko emgwaqeni.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwebhethri emzimbeni kungenza ukunakekelwa kwemoto kube nzima kakhulu, futhi ibhethri kunzima ukuyishintsha ngokuzimela.Izintengo zesevisi yangemuva kokuthengisa zizokhuphuka, futhi lezi zindleko zizodluliselwa ngokuqondile kubathengi, njengezindleko zomshwalense.Nakuba uMusk ethi baklame amarayili okukhanda angakwazi ukusikwa ashintshwe, kuzothatha isikhathi ukubona ukuthi azosebenza kahle kangakanani.
Izinkampani eziningi zezimoto zihlongoze izixazululo zazo zezobuchwepheshe ze-CTC, ngoba azigcini nje ngokuhlela kabusha ibhethri, kodwa futhi zidinga ukushintsha isakhiwo somzimba.Lokhu kuhlobene nokuhlukaniswa kabusha kwabasebenzi ochungechungeni lokuhlinzeka ngezimboni ezihlobene.
I-CTC iwumzila wezobuchwepheshe nje.Iwumzimba webhethri ohlanganisiwe, ongashintshiwe wokuqaqa.Kukhona obunye ubuchwepheshe ngaphesheya kwayo - ukushintshanisa ibhethri.Ubuchwepheshe bokushintsha ibhethri kulula ukuqaqa, kodwa ibhethri yenza umnikelo omkhulu emandleni ebhethri.Indlela yokukhetha le mizila emibili kuwumdlalo phakathi kwabahlinzeki bebhethri nama-OEM.
Ubuchwepheshe be-CTC buhlanganiswe nebhethri engu-4680
3. Ukusungula inqubo yokukhiqiza ibhethri, i-cathode kanye nezinto ze-anode
I-Tesla izosebenzisa inqubo ye-electrode eyomile yebhethri, esikhundleni sokusebenzisa isincibilikisi, inani elincane (cishe i-5-8%) yesibophezelo se-PTFE esiyimpushane sixutshwa nempushana ye-electrode ephozithivu/embi, idlulwe ku-extruder ukuze kwakhe umugqa omncane we-electrode powder. i-electrode material, kwase kuthi Umugqa wezinto ze-electrode walayishwa kumqoqi wamanje we-foil yensimbi ukuze wakhe i-electrode eqediwe.
Ibhethri ekhiqizwa ngale ndlela ihambisana nemvelo.Futhi le nqubo izokwandisa amandla ebhethri futhi inciphise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okukhiqiza izikhathi ezingu-10.Ubuchwepheshe be-electrode eyomile kungenzeka bube ibhentshimakhi yezobuchwepheshe esizukulwaneni esilandelayo.
Tesla 4680 ibhethri eyomile electrode ubuchwepheshe
Mayelana nezinto ze-cathode, uTesla uthe kuzophinde kususe isici se-cobalt ku-cathode.I-Cobalt iyabiza futhi ayitholakali.Ingenziwa kuphela emazweni ambalwa kakhulu emhlabeni, noma emazweni ase-Afrika angazinzile njengeCongo.Uma ibhethri lingakwazi ukususa ngempela i-cobalt element, kungashiwo njengokuqanjwa okusha kwezobuchwepheshe.
I-Cobalt
Ngokuphathelene nezinto ze-anode, i-Tesla izoqala ngezinto ze-silicon futhi isebenzise i-silicon eyengeziwe esikhundleni segraphite esetshenziswa njengamanje.Umthamo wetiyori othize we-electrode enegethivu esekelwe ku-silicon uphezulu njengokungu-4200mAh/g, ophakeme ngokuphindwe kashumi kunalowo we-electrode eyi-graphite negative.Kodwa-ke, ama-electrode asuselwa ku-silicon abuye abe nezinkinga njengokunwetshwa kwevolumu ye-silicon, ukungahambi kahle kukagesi, nokulahleka okukhulu kokushaja kokuqala.
Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kwezinto ezibonakalayo kuwukuthola ibhalansi phakathi kokuminyana kwamandla nokuzinza, futhi imikhiqizo yamanje ye-anode esekwe ku-silicon ifakwe i-silicon ne-graphite ukuze isetshenziswe njengenhlanganisela.
I-Tesla ihlela ukushintsha ngokuyisisekelo ukusebenziseka kahle kwendawo ye-silicon ukuze ikwenze kungabi lula ukuphuka, ubuchwepheshe obungavumeli nje kuphela ukuthi amabhethri ashaje ngokushesha, kodwa futhi kwandisa ukuphila kwebhethri ngamaphesenti angu-20.U-Tesla uqambe into entsha ngokuthi “Tesla Silicon”, futhi izindleko zingu-$1.2/KWh, okuyingxenye eyodwa kweshumi kuphela yenqubo ekhona ye-silicon ehleliwe.
Ama-anode asuselwa ku-silicon athathwa njengezinto ze-anode yebhethri ye-lithium yesizukulwane esilandelayo.
Amamodeli ambalwa emakethe aseqalile ukusebenzisa izinto ze-anode ezisekelwe ku-silicon.Amamodeli afana ne-Tesla Model 3 asevele ehlanganisa amanani amancane e-silicon ku-electrode engalungile.Muva nje, imodeli ye-GAC AION LX Plus yethulwe. Inguqulo ye-Qianli ifakwe ubuchwepheshe bebhethri ye-sponge silicon anode chip, engafinyelela amakhilomitha angu-1,000 wempilo yebhethri.
4680 ibhethri ye-silicon anode
Ukufingqa izinzuzo zobuchwepheshe bebhethri ye-4680 ukuthi ingathuthukisa ukusebenza ngenkathi yehlisa izindleko.
3. Umthelela omude wamabhethri angu-4680
Ibhethri le-4680 aliyona inguquko yezobuchwepheshe evukelayo, hhayi impumelelo ekuminyana kwamandla, kodwa okungaphezulu kokuqanjwa okusha kwezinqubo zobuchwepheshe.
Kodwa-ke, eqhutshwa yi-Tesla, ngephethini yamanje yemakethe yamandla entsha, ukukhiqizwa kwamabhethri angu-4680 kuzoshintsha iphethini yebhethri ekhona.Imboni nakanjani izosusa igagasi lamabhethri angama-cylindrical angamavolumu amakhulu.
Ngokwemibiko, i-Panasonic ihlela ukuqala ukukhiqizwa okukhulu kwamabhethri amakhulu angama-4680 eTesla ekuqaleni kuka-2023.Utshalomali olusha luzoba ngama-yen ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-80 (cishe amaRandi ayizigidi ezingama-704).AbakwaSamsung SDI kanye ne-LG Energy nabo bajoyine ukuthuthukiswa kwebhethri le-4680.
Ngaphakathi, i-Yiwei Lithium Energy imemezele ukuthi inkampani engaphansi kwayo i-Yiwei Power ihlela ukwakha ulayini wokukhiqiza amabhethri angama-cylindrical angama-20GWh wezimoto zabagibeli e-Jingmen High-tech Zone. Ibhethri ye-BAK kanye ne-Honeycomb Energy izophinde ingene emkhakheni wamabhethri amakhulu angama-cylindrical. I-BMW ne-CATL nazo zisebenzisa ngokukhuthele amabhethri amakhulu angama-cylindrical, futhi iphethini eyisisekelo isinqunyiwe.
Isakhiwo Sebhethri Eyisiyingi Somkhiqizi Webhethri
Okwesine, amandla e-electromotive anento angayisho
Ukuqamba okusha kwesakhiwo sebhethri elikhulu eliyisilinda ngokungangabazeki kuzothuthukisa ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yebhethri lamandla. Akulula njengokuvele uthuthuke kusuka kubhethri lesi-5 ukuya kwele-1. Umzimba wayo okhuluphele unemibuzo emihle.
Izindleko zebhethri zisondele ku-40% wezindleko zemoto yonke. Ukubaluleka kwebhethri “njengenhliziyo” kuyabonakala.Kodwa-ke, ngokuthandwa kwezimoto ezintsha zamandla, isidingo samabhethri sikhula usuku nosuku, futhi intengo yezinto zokwakha iyanda. Ukuqanjwa kabusha kwamabhethri sekuyindlela ebalulekile yokuthi izinkampani zezimoto zithuthuke.
Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe obuhlobene nebhethri, izimoto zikagesi ezithengekayo seziseduze!
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-13-2022