Ukuhlaziywa kwesimo esikhona kanye nokuthuthuka kwemboni yezimoto zezimboni

Mayelana nama-drive motors ezimoto, i-China ingumkhiqizi omkhulu wezinjini zezimboni futhi inesisekelo esiqinile sobuchwepheshe. Izinjini zezimboni zisebenzisa amandla amaningi, okubalelwa ku-60% wokusetshenziswa kukagesi womphakathi wonke. Uma kuqhathaniswa namamotho ajwayelekile, amamotho kazibuthe ahlala njalo enziwe ngozibuthe abangapheli angonga cishe u-20% kagesi, futhi aziwa ngokuthi “izinto zobuciko ezonga amandla” embonini.

Ukuhlaziywa kwesimo esikhona kanye nokuthuthuka kwemboni yezimoto zezimboni

Izinjini zezimboni ziyinkambu esemqoka yezicelo zezimoto. Ngaphandle kwesistimu yezimoto esebenza kahle, akunakwenzeka ukwakha umugqa wokukhiqiza ozenzakalelayo othuthukisiwe.Ukwengeza, lapho kubhekene nengcindezi eyandayo ekongiweni kwamandla kanye nokwehliswa kwe-emission, ukuthuthukiswa ngamandlaizimoto ezintsha zamandlaisiphenduke into entsha okugxilwe kuyo emncintiswaneni embonini yezimoto yomhlaba.Ngokuthuthuka kwemboni yezimoto zikagesi, isidingo sayo sama-drive motors siyakhula.

Ithintwa yizinqubomgomo, imboni yokukhiqiza izimoto zaseChina iguqukela ekusebenzeni kahle kakhulu nasekuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, futhi isidingo sokushintshwa kwezimboni siyakhula, futhi ukukhiqizwa kwamamotho ezimboni nakho kuyanda unyaka nonyaka.Ngokwemininingwane, ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto zezimboni zezwe lami kufinyelele ku-3.54 million kilowatts, okuwukunyuka konyaka ngo-9.7%.

Njengamanje, umthamo wokuthekelisa kanye nenani lokuthekelisa lemishini yezimboni zezwe lami likhulu kunomthamo wokungenisa, kodwa imikhiqizo ethunyelwa ngaphandle ikakhulukazi ngamamotho amancane naphakathi nendawo, anokuqukethwe kobuchwepheshe okuphansi namanani ashibhile kunemikhiqizo efanayo yangaphandle; imikhiqizo evela kwamanye amazwe ikakhulukazi amamotho akhethekile asezingeni eliphezulu, amakhulu nanamandla Ikakhulukazi amamotho ezimboni, intengo yeyunithi yokungenisa ngokuvamile iphakeme kunentengo yeyunithi yokuthekelisa yemikhiqizo efanayo.

Uma sibheka intuthuko yemakethe yezimoto zikagesi emhlabeni wonke, ibonakala ikakhulukazi kulawa maphuzu alandelayo: Imboni ithuthukela ekuhlakanipheni nasekuhlanganiseni: ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto zikagesi zendabuko kufinyelele ekuhlanganisweni kobuchwepheshe obuphambili be-elekthronikhi kanye nobuchwepheshe bokulawula okukhaliphile.

Ngokuzayo, kuwumkhuba wesikhathi esizayo wemboni yezimoto ukuqhubeka nokuthuthukisa kanye nokwandisa ubuchwepheshe bokulawula okukhaliphile kumasistimu emoto amancane naphakathi nendawo asetshenziswa emkhakheni wezimboni, kanye nokuqaphela ukwakheka okudidiyelwe kanye nokukhiqizwa kokulawulwa kwesistimu yezimoto, izinzwa, kanye nemisebenzi yokushayela.Imikhiqizo ithuthukela ekuhlukaniseni nasekuqeqesheni: imikhiqizo yezimoto inezinhlobonhlobo zemikhiqizo esekelayo, futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni ehlukahlukene njengamandla, ezokuthutha, uphethiloli, imboni yamakhemikhali, insimbi, izimayini, nezokwakha.

Ngokuqhubeka nokudlondlobala komnotho womhlaba kanye nokwenza ngcono okuqhubekayo kwezinga lesayensi nobuchwepheshe, isimo sokuthi uhlobo olufanayo lwenjini lusetshenziselwa izakhiwo ezihlukene kanye nezikhathi ezihlukene siyaphulwa esikhathini esidlule, futhi imikhiqizo yezimoto iyathuthuka isiqondiso sokukhethekile, ukuhlukanisa kanye nekhono.Imikhiqizo iyathuthuka ibheke ekusebenzeni kahle okuphezulu nokonga amandla: izinqubomgomo ezifanele zokuvikela imvelo emhlabeni wonke kusukela ngo-2022 ziveze ukuqondiswa kwenqubomgomo okucacile kokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwezinjini nemishini ejwayelekile.Ngakho-ke, imboni yezimoto idinga ngokuphuthumayo ukusheshisa ukonga amandla emishini yokukhiqiza ekhona, ikhuthaze izinqubo zokukhiqiza ezisebenza kahle neziluhlaza, futhi ithuthukise isizukulwane esisha samamotho ezonga amandla, amasistimu ezimoto nemikhiqizo yokulawula, kanye nemishini yokuhlola.Thuthukisa uhlelo olujwayelekile lwezimoto nesistimu, futhi ulwele ukuthuthukisa ukuncintisana okuyisisekelo kwemikhiqizo yezimoto nesistimu.

Ukufingqa, ngo-2023, i-brushless, idrayivu eqondile, isivinini esidlulele, ukulawulwa kwesivinini, i-miniaturization, i-servo, i-mechatronics kanye ne-intelligence kuyisiqondiso sokuthuthukiswa kwekusasa nokugxila kwamamotho anamuhla.Ngamunye wabo wenziwa futhi waboniswa ngokuphindaphindiwe ekukhiqizeni kwansuku zonke nokuphila.Ngakho-ke, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-brushless, idrayivu eqondile, i-mechatronics, noma i-intelligence, ingenye yezinto ezibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwezinjini zesimanje esikhathini esizayo.Ekuthuthukisweni okuzayo kwamamotho esimanje, kufanele futhi sinake ubuchwepheshe bayo bokulingisa, ubuchwepheshe bokuklama, ubuchwepheshe bokonga amandla obusezingeni eliphezulu kanye nokuvumelana nezimo ezibucayi, ukuze ubuchwepheshe besimanje be-elekthronikhi buthuthuke ngendlela enempilo.

Ngokuzayo, eqhutshwa yinqubomgomo yokuvikela i-carbon ephansi kanye nemvelo, izinjini zezimboni zezwe lami nazo zizokwenza yonke imizamo ukuthuthukela ekulondolozeni uhlaza nokonga ugesi.

Isimo Sokuthuthukiswa Kwesigaba 2 Semboni Yezimoto Yezwe lami

1. Ukubuyekezwa kokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yezimboni yaseChina ngo-2021

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukuncintisana emakethe yezimoto zomhlaba wonke kuye kwashuba kakhulu, futhi intengo ifinyelele iphuzu elibucayi. Ngaphandle kwamamotho akhethekile, amamotho akhethekile, namamotho amakhulu, kunzima kubakhiqizi bezimoto abancane nabaphakathi nendawo ukuthi baqhubeke nokuthola indawo emazweni athuthukile.I-China inenzuzo enkulu ezindlekweni zabasebenzi.

Kulesi sigaba, imboni yezimoto yezwe lami iyimboni edinga abasebenzi abaningi futhi edinga ubuchwepheshe. Imakethe yezimoto ezinkulu neziphakathi nendawo iphakeme kakhulu, kuyilapho eyamamotor amancane naphakathi nendawo iphansi kakhulu, futhi ukuncintisana kushubile.Kukhona umehluko omkhulu embonini yezimoto. Ngenxa yezimali ezanele, umthamo omkhulu wokukhiqiza, nokuqwashisa ngemikhiqizo ephezulu, izinkampani ezisohlwini kanye nezinkampani ezinkulu zikahulumeni zihole ekuthuthukisweni kwayo yonke imboni futhi kancane kancane zandisa isabelo sazo semakethe.Kodwa-ke, inani elikhulu labakhiqizi bezimoto abancane nabaphakathi nendawo bangabelana kuphela ngesabelo semakethe esisele, bakha "umphumela we-Matthew" embonini, okukhuthaza ukwanda kokugxila embonini, futhi ezinye izinkampani ezincishwe amathuba ziyaqedwa.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imakethe yaseShayina isiphenduke ingqikithi yokuncintisana phakathi kwezinkampani zomhlaba.Ngakho-ke, ngenxa yokucatshangelwa kokusebenza kahle, ubuchwepheshe, izinsiza, izindleko zabasebenzi kanye nezinye izici eziningi, abakhiqizi bezimoto emazweni amaningi athuthukile emhlabeni bathuthela e-China, futhi bayaqhubeka nokubamba iqhaza emncintiswaneni ngendlela yobunikazi bomhlaba noma ukuhlanganyela. , Kunamahhovisi amaningi kanye nama-ejensi, okwenza ukuncintisana emakethe yasekhaya kushube nakakhulu.Ukuguqulwa kwesakhiwo sezimboni zomhlaba kuyinselelo emabhizinisini aseShayina, kodwa futhi kuyithuba.Leli yithuba elihle kakhulu lokuthuthukisa izinga kanye nebanga lemboni yezimoto yaseShayina, ukuthuthukisa amakhono okuthuthukisa umkhiqizo kanye nokuhlanganisa namazinga omhlaba.

2. Ukuhlaziywa kokuthuthukiswa kwemakethe yezimboni yezwe lami ngo-2021

Ngokombono wokuhlukaniswa ngezikali kwemakethe yezimoto zomhlaba, iChina iyindawo yokukhiqiza izimoto, futhi amazwe athuthukile eYurophu nase-United States ayindawo yocwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kwezobuchwepheshe bezimoto.Thatha ama-micro motors njengesibonelo.I-China ingumkhiqizi omkhulu wama-micro motors emhlabeni.I-Japan, iJalimane ne-United States yizona ezihamba phambili ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwezinjini ezincane nezikhethekile, ezilawula iningi lobuchwepheshe obusha obuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu bezimoto ezincane nezikhethekile.

Ngokombono wesabelo semakethe, ngokwesilinganiso semboni yezimoto yaseChina kanye nemboni yezimoto emhlabeni wonke, imboni yezimoto yaseChina yenza ama-30%, i-United States kanye ne-European Union zenza ama-27% kanye nama-20% ngokulandelana.

Njengamanje, izinkampani ezimele izimoto eziyishumi ezihamba phambili emhlabeni zifaka i-Siemens, i-Toshiba, i-ABB Group, i-NEC, i-Rockwell Automation, i-AMETEK, i-Regal Beloit, i-Johnson Group, i-Franklin Electric, ne-AlliedMotion, esatshalaliswa kakhulu eYurophu nase-United States, e-Japan. .Kodwa ngemva kweminyaka yokuthuthuka, imboni yezimboni yezwe lami isisungule inqwaba yezinkampani ezinkulu zezimoto.Ukuze sibhekane nokuncintisana kwezimakethe ngaphansi kwephethini yokuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke, lawa mabhizinisi ashintshile kancane kancane asuka “amakhulu futhi abanzi” kuya “akhethekile futhi ajulile”, okuqhubekisele phambili ukukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwezindlela zokukhiqiza eziyisipesheli embonini yezimboni yezwe lami.Ngokuzayo, ngaphansi komfutho wezinqubomgomo zokuvikela imvelo enekhabhoni ephansi, amamotho wezimboni zaseShayina nawo azokwenza yonke imizamo ukuze athuthuke ngendlela yokonga amandla aluhlaza.

Isigaba 3 Ukuhlaziywa kokuhlinzekwa kanye nesidingo semboni yezimoto yezimboni yaseChina kusukela ngo-2019 kuya ku-2021

1. Umphumela womkhakha wezimoto wezimboni waseChina ngo-2019-2021

Ishadi: Umphumela Wemboni Yezimboni YaseChina kusukela ngo-2019 kuya ku-2021

 

Umthombo wedatha: Ihlanganiswe yi-Zhongyan Puhua Industry Research Institute

Ngokohlaziyo lwedatha yocwaningo lwemakethe, ukukhiqizwa kwemboni yezimoto zezimboni zaseChina kuzokhombisa ukukhula konyaka nonyaka kusuka ku-2019 kuya ku-2021. Isikali somkhiqizo ngo-2021 sizoba ngama-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingama-354.632, okuwukukhula konyaka nonyaka 9.7%.

2. Isidingo semboni yezimoto yaseChina kusukela ngo-2019 kuya ku-2021

Ngokusho kokuhlaziywa kwedatha yocwaningo lwemakethe, ukuphuma kwemboni yezimboni zaseChina kukhombisa ukukhula konyaka nonyaka kusuka ku-2019 kuya ku-2021, kanti isikali sesidingo ngo-2021 sizoba ngama-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingama-38.603, okuwukukhula konyaka nonyaka 10.5%.

Ishadi: Isidingo Semboni Yezimboni YaseChina kusukela ngo-2019 kuya ku-2021

 

Umthombo wedatha: Ihlanganiswe yi-Zhongyan Puhua Industry Research Institute