Iyini i-lidar futhi isebenza kanjani i-lidar?

　　1. Yini i-Lidar?

Izinkampani ezihlukahlukene zezimoto zigcizelela i-lidar, ngakho-ke kufanele siqale siqonde, yini i-lidar?

I-LIDAR - Lidar, iyinzwa,eyaziwa ngokuthi "iso lerobhothi", iyinzwa ebalulekile ehlanganisa i-laser, indawo ye-GPS kanye namadivayisi okulinganisa angasebenzi. Indlela ebuyisela isikhathi esidingekayo sokukala ibanga iyafana ngokomthetho ne-radar, ngaphandle kokuthi kusetshenziswa amalaser esikhundleni samaza omsakazo.Kungashiwo ukuthi i-lidar ingenye yezinhlelo ezibalulekile ze-hardware ukusiza izimoto zithole imisebenzi yokushayela ehlakaniphile yokusiza esezingeni eliphezulu.

2. Sisebenza kanjani i-lidar?

Okulandelayo, ake sikhulume ngokuthi i-lidar isebenza kanjani.

Okokuqala, sidinga ukukucacisa ukuthi i-lidar ayisebenzi ngokuzimela, futhi ngokuvamile iqukethe amamojula amathathu ayinhloko: i-laser transmitter, receiver, kanye ne-inertial positioning kanye nokuzulazula.Uma isivalo sisebenza, sizokhipha ukukhanya kwe-laser. Ngemva kokuhlangabezana nento, ukukhanya kwe-laser kuzobuyiselwa emuva futhi kwamukelwe inzwa ye-CMOS, ngaleyo ndlela kukalwe ibanga ukusuka emzimbeni ukuya kusithiyo.Ngokombono wesimiso, inqobo nje uma udinga ukwazi ijubane lokukhanya kanye nesikhathi kusukela ekukhishweni kuya ekubonweni kwe-CMOS, ungakwazi ukukala ibanga lesithiyo. Ihlanganiswe ne-GPS yesikhathi sangempela, ulwazi lokuzulazula olune-inertial kanye nokubalwa kwe-engeli ye-laser radar, isistimu ingathola ibanga lento engaphambili. Qondanisa ulwazi lokuthwala nebanga.

Okulandelayo, uma isivalo singakhipha ama-lasers amaningi nge-engeli emisiwe endaweni efanayo, singathola amasiginali abonisiwe amaningi asuselwa kuzithiyo.Kuhlanganiswe nebanga lesikhathi, i-laser scanning angle, indawo ye-GPS nolwazi lwe-INS, ngemva kokucubungula idatha, lolu lwazi luzohlanganiswa nezixhumanisi ezingu-x, y, z ukuze zibe isignali enezinhlangothi ezintathu nolwazi lwebanga, ulwazi lwendawo, njll. Ukuhlanganisa ama-algorithms, isistimu ingathola amapharamitha ahlobene ahlukahlukene njengemigqa, izindawo ezingaphezulu, namavolumu, ngaleyo ndlela isungula imephu yefu yephuzu elinezinhlangothi ezintathu futhi idwebe imephu yemvelo, engaba "amehlo" emoto.

3. I-Lidar Industry Chain

1) I-Transmitterchip: I-905nm EEL chip Osram ukubusa kunzima ukukushintsha, kodwa ngemva kokuba i-VCSEL igcwalise ibhodi elifushane lamandla ngokusebenzisa inqubo ye-multi-junction, ngenxa yezindleko zayo eziphansi kanye nezici zokushisa eziphansi zokushisa, kancane kancane izobona ukushintshwa kwe-EEL, i-chip yasekhaya i-Changguang U-Huaxin, u-Zonghui Xinguang wethule amathuba entuthuko.

2) Isamukeli: Njengoba umzila we-905nm udinga ukukhuphula ibanga lokutholwa, kulindeleke ukuthi i-SiPM ne-SPAD kuzoba ithrendi enkulu. I-1550nm izoqhubeka nokusebenzisa i-APD, futhi umkhawulo wemikhiqizo ehlobene uphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa. Njengamanje, ilawulwa kakhulu yi-Sony, Hamamatsu kanye ne-ON Semiconductor. I-1550nm core Citrix kanye ne-905nm Nanjing Core Vision kanye ne-Lingming Photonics kulindeleke ukuthi ihole ekugqabuleni.

3) Ukuphela kokulinganiswa: I-semiconductorI-laser inomgodi we-resonator omncane kanye nekhwalithi yendawo empofu. Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezinga le-lidar, izimbazo ezisheshayo nezinensayo zidinga ukuvumelanisa ukuze kulungiswe i-optical, futhi isisombululo somthombo wokukhanya womugqa sidinga ukwenziwa homogenized. Inani le-lidar eyodwa ngamakhulu ama-yuan.

4) I-TEC: Njengoba i-Osram ixazulule ukukhukhuleka kwezinga lokushisa kwe-EEL, i-VCSEL ngokwemvelo inezici zokushisa eziphansi, ngakho-ke i-lidar ayisadingi i-TEC.

5) Ukuphela kokuskena: Isithiyo esikhulu sesibuko esijikelezayo ukulawula isikhathi, futhi inqubo ye-MEMS inzima kakhulu. I-Xijing Technology ingeyokuqala ukuzuza ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi.

4. Ulwandle lwezinkanyezi ngaphansi kokushintshwa kwemikhiqizo yasekhaya

Ukwenziwa kwasendaweni kwe-lidar akukhona nje ukufeza ukushintshwa kwasekhaya kanye nokuzimela kwezobuchwepheshe ukuvimbela amazwe aseNtshonalanga ukuba angabambeki, kodwa futhi isici esibalulekile ukunciphisa izindleko.

Intengo ethengekayo yisihloko esingenakugwemeka, noma kunjalo, intengo ye-lidar ayiphansi, izindleko zokufaka idivayisi ye-lidar eyodwa emotweni cishe i-10,000 US dollar.

Izindleko eziphakeme ze-lidar bezilokhu ziyithunzi layo elihlala njalo, ikakhulukazi izixazululo ezithuthukisiwe ze-lidar, umkhawulo omkhulu ngokuyinhloko yizindleko; I-lidar ibhekwa njengobuchwepheshe obubizayo yimboni, futhi uTesla washo ngokungananazi ukuthi Ukugxeka i-lidar kuyabiza.

Abakhiqizi be-Lidar bahlale befuna ukunciphisa izindleko, futhi njengoba ubuchwepheshe bukhula, imibono yabo kancane kancane iba ngokoqobo.I-zoom lidar yesizukulwane sesibili ehlakaniphile ayinakho ukusebenza okuphezulu kuphela, kodwa futhi inciphisa izindleko ngezingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu uma iqhathaniswa nesizukulwane sokuqala, futhi incane ngosayizi.Ngokwezibikezelo zezimboni, ngo-2025, inani lentengo elimaphakathi lezinhlelo ze-lidar ezithuthukisiwe zakwamanye amazwe zingafinyelela cishe ku-$700 lilinye.

Umkhuba wamanje wokuthuthuka wemboni ye-lidar ukuthi izinga lobuchwepheshe liya ngokuya likhula usuku nosuku, futhi ukwakhiwa kwasendaweni kuyasondela kancane kancane.Ukwenziwa kwasendaweni kwe-LiDAR kudlule ezigabeni ezimbalwa. Okokuqala, wawuphethwe yizinkampani zakwamanye amazwe. Kamuva, izinkampani zasekhaya zaqala futhi zandisa isisindo sazo. Manje, ukubusa kancane kancane kusondela ezinkampanini zasekhaya.

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, kuye kwavela igagasi lokushayela elizimele, futhi abakhiqizi be-lidar basendaweni baye bangena kancane kancane emakethe. Imikhiqizo yasekhaya ye-lidar yezinga lezimboni isiye yaduma kancane kancane. Ezimotweni zikagesi ezihlakaniphile ezifuywayo, izinkampani ze-lidar zendawo ziye zavela ngokulandelana.

Ngokwemininingwane, kufanele kube nezinkampani zamarada ezifuywayo ezingama-20 noma ezingama-30, njengeSagitar Juchuang, Hesai Technology, Beike Tianhui, Leishen Intelligence, njll., kanye neziqhwaga zama-electronic hardware ezifana ne-DJI neHuawei, kanye nezikhondlakhondla zezingxenye zezimoto zendabuko. .

Njengamanje, izinzuzo zentengo yemikhiqizo ye-lidar eyethulwe abakhiqizi baseShayina abafana no-Hesai, i-DJI, ne-Sagitar Juchuang zisobala, zephula isikhundla esiphambili samazwe athuthukile njenge-United States kulo mkhakha.Kukhona nezinkampani ezifana neFocuslight Technology, Han's Laser, Guangku Technology, Luowei Technology, Hesai Technology, Zhongji Innolight, Kongwei Laser, kanye neJuxing Technology. Inqubo kanye nesipiliyoni sokukhiqiza kuqhuba ukusungulwa kwe-lidar.

Njengamanje, ingahlukaniswa izikole ezimbili, esinye sithuthukisa i-lidar eyimishini, kanti enye ikhiya ngokuqondile imikhiqizo ye-lidar yesimo esiqinile.Emkhakheni wokushayela ngesivinini esiphezulu, u-Hesai unesabelo semakethe esiphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa; emkhakheni wokushayela ngesivinini esiphansi, i-Sagitar Juchuang ingumkhiqizi oyinhloko.

Ngokombono wokukhuphuka nokwehla komfula walo lonke uchungechunge lwezimboni, izwe lami selitshale inqwaba yamabhizinisi anamandla futhi lakha uchungechunge lwezimboni oluphelele.Ngemva kweminyaka yokutshalwa kwezimali okuqhubekayo kanye nokuqongelela ulwazi, izinkampani ze-radar zasekhaya zenze imizamo ejulile ezigabeni zazo zemakethe, zethula iphethini yemakethe yezimbali eziqhakaza.

Ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi kuyinkomba ebalulekile yokuvuthwa. Ngokungena ekukhiqizeni ngobuningi, intengo nayo yehla kakhulu. I-DJI yamemezela ngo-Agasti 2020 ukuthi izuze ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi nokuhlinzekwa kwe-lidar yokushayela ezizimele, futhi intengo yehle yafika ezingeni lama-yuan ayinkulungwane. ; Futhi uHuawei, ngo-2016 ukwenza ucwaningo lwangaphambili kubuchwepheshe be-lidar, ukwenza ukuqinisekiswa kwe-prototype ngo-2017, kanye nokuzuza ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi ngo-2020.

Uma kuqhathaniswa nama-radar angenisiwe, izinkampani zasekhaya zinezinzuzo ngokuhambisana nesikhathi sokuhlinzekwa, ukwenziwa ngokwezifiso kwemisebenzi, ukubambisana kwesevisi kanye nokuhluzeka kweziteshi.

Izindleko zokuthengwa kwe-lidar engenisiwe ziphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa. Ngakho-ke, izindleko eziphansi ze-lidar yasekhaya ziyisihluthulelo sokuhlala emakethe kanye namandla abalulekile okushayela esikhundleni sasekhaya. Yiqiniso, izinkinga eziningi ezingokoqobo ezifana nesikhala sokunciphisa izindleko kanye nokuvuthwa kokukhiqiza ngobuningi kuseseShayina. Amabhizinisi kusafanele abhekane nezinselelo eziningi.

Kusukela ekuzalweni kwayo, imboni ye-lidar ibonise izici ezivelele zezinga eliphezulu lobuchwepheshe.Njengobuchwepheshe obusafufusa obudume kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva, ubuchwepheshe be-lidar empeleni bunezithiyo ezinkulu zobuchwepheshe.Ubuchwepheshe abuyona nje inselelo ezinkampanini ezifuna ukungena emakethe kuphela, kepha buyinselelo ezinkampanini esezineminyaka eminingi zikhona.

Njengamanje, esikhundleni sasekhaya, ngoba ama-lidar chips, ikakhulukazi izingxenye ezidingekayo ekucubunguleni isignali, ikakhulukazi zithembele ekuthengisweni kwamanye amazwe, lokhu kuye kwaphakamisa izindleko zokukhiqiza ama-lidar asekhaya ngezinga elithile. Iphrojekthi yentamo ebambekile izokwenza konke ukubhekana nenkinga.

Ngaphezu kwezici zabo zobuchwepheshe, izinkampani ze-radar zasekhaya nazo zidinga ukuhlakulela amakhono aphelele, okuhlanganisa ucwaningo lwezobuchwepheshe kanye nezinhlelo zokuthuthukiswa, amaketanga okuhlinzeka okuzinzile kanye namakhono okukhiqiza ngobuningi, ikakhulukazi amandla okuqinisekisa ikhwalithi emva kokuthengisa.

Ngaphansi kwethuba elithi "Made in China 2025", abakhiqizi basekhaya bebelokhu bebambe iqhaza eminyakeni yamuva futhi benze impumelelo eminingi.Njengamanje, ukwenziwa kwasendaweni kusenkathini lapho amathuba nezinselelo kucace kakhulu, futhi kuyisigaba esiyisisekelo sokushintshwa kwe-lidar.

Okwesine, isicelo sokufika yigama lokugcina

Akulona ihaba ukusho ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-lidar kuye kwangenisa isikhathi esikhulayo, futhi ibhizinisi layo eliyinhloko livela ezimakethe ezine ezinkulu, okuyi-industrial automation., ingqalasizinda ehlakaniphile, amarobhothi nezimoto.

Kukhona umfutho oqinile emkhakheni wokushayela ngokuzenzakalelayo, futhi imakethe ye-lidar yezimoto izohlomula ekungeneni kokushayela okuzimele okusezingeni eliphezulu futhi igcine ukukhula okusheshayo.Izinkampani eziningi zezimoto zisebenzisa izixazululo ze-lidar, zithatha isinyathelo sokuqala ekushayeleni i-L3 kanye ne-L4.

I-2022 isiba iwindi loshintsho ukusuka ku-L2 ukuya ku-L3/L4. Njengenzwa yokhiye eyinhloko yobuchwepheshe bokushayela okuzenzakalelayo, i-lidar ibambe iqhaza elibaluleke kakhulu emikhakheni ehlobene eminyakeni yamuva. Kulindeleke ukuthi kusukela ngo-2023, ithrekhi ye-lidar yemoto izongena esikhathini sokukhula Okushesha okuqhubekayo.

Ngokombiko wocwaningo lwezokuphepha, ngo-2022, ukufakwa kwezivalo zezimoto zaseChina kuzodlula amayunithi angama-80,000. Kulindeleke ukuthi indawo yemakethe ye-lidar endaweni yezimoto zabagibeli yezwe lami izofinyelela ku-26.1 billion yuan ngo-2025 kanye nama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-98 ngo-2030.I-lidar yemoto ingene enkathini yesidingo esiqhumayo, futhi ithemba lemakethe libanzi kakhulu.

Ukungahloniphi kuwumkhuba eminyakeni yamuva nje, futhi ukungasebenzi akuhlukaniseki namehlo okuhlakanipha - uhlelo lokuzulazula.Ukuzulazula nge-laser sekuvuthiwe kubuchwepheshe nasekufikeni komkhiqizo, futhi kunobude obunembile, futhi kungasebenza ngokuzinza ezindaweni eziningi, ikakhulukazi kubusuku obumnyama. Ingakwazi futhi ukugcina ukutholwa okunembile. Njengamanje iyindlela ezimeme kakhulu futhi evamile kanye nendlela yokuzulazula.Ngamafuphi, ngokwesicelo, isimiso sokuhamba nge-laser silula futhi ubuchwepheshe buvuthiwe.

Ingenamuntu, ingene emikhakheni yokwakha, yezimayini, yokuqeda ubungozi, isevisi, ezolimo, ukuhlola indawo kanye nezicelo zezempi. I-Lidar isiphenduke indlela evamile yokuzulazula kule ndawo.

Kusukela ngo-2019, kuye kwasetshenziswa ama-radar amaningi asekhaya kumaphrojekthi wangempela wamakhasimende, esikhundleni sokuhlolwa kwe-prototype endaweni yokusebenzela.U-2019 uyisizinda samanzi esibalulekile ezinkampanini zama-lidar zasekhaya. Izicelo zemakethe zingene kancane kancane emacaleni amaphrojekthi angempela, zandisa izimo zezicelo kanye nobubanzi, zifuna izimakethe ezihlukene, futhi zibe yinketho evamile ezinkampanini. .

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-lidar kusakazeka kancane kancane, kufaka phakathi imboni engashayeli, irobhothi lensizaimboni, i-inthanethi yemboni yezimoto, ezokuthutha ezihlakaniphile, kanye nedolobha elihlakaniphile. Inhlanganisela ye-lidar nama-drones ingaphinda idwebe amamephu olwandle, amaqhwa, namahlathi.

I-unmanned isici esibaluleke kakhulu se-smart logistics. Ekuthuthweni nasekusabalaliseni izinto ezihlakaniphile, kuzosetshenziswa inani elikhulu lobuchwepheshe obungenamuntu - amarobhothi ezinto ezihambahambayo kanye nezimoto ezisheshayo ezingenamuntu, ingxenye eyinhloko eyingxenye yazo i-lidar.

Emkhakheni we-smart logistics, ububanzi bohlelo lokusebenza lwe-lidar nalo liyakhula usuku nosuku. Noma ngabe isuka ekuphathweni iye endaweni yokugcina impahla noma kwezokuthutha, i-lidar ingambozwa ngokugcwele futhi inwetshelwe kumachweba ahlakaniphile, ezokuthutha ezihlakaniphile, ukuphepha okuhlakaniphile, izinsizakalo ezihlakaniphile, kanye nokuphatha okuhlakaniphile kwedolobha.

Ezimeni zezokuthutha ezifana namachweba, i-lidar ingaqinisekisa ukunemba kokuthunjwa kwempahla futhi inciphise ubunzima bokusebenza kwabasebenzi.Mayelana nezokuthutha, i-lidar ingasiza ekutholeni ama-toll gates anesivinini esiphezulu futhi iqinisekise ukuthi izimoto ezidlulayo ziyahlangabezana nezidingo.Mayelana nokuphepha, i-lidar ingaba amehlo emishini ehlukahlukene yokuqapha ukuphepha.

Emkhakheni wokukhiqiza izimboni, inani le-lidar lihlale ligqanyiswa. Emgqeni wokukhiqiza, ingakhulula indima yokuqapha izinto futhi iqinisekise ukusebenza okuzenzakalelayo.

I-Lidar (Ukutholwa Kokukhanya Nokushintsha) iwubuchwepheshe benzwa obukude obuvela ngokwandayo njengendlela engabizi kakhulu kumasu okuhlola endabuko afana ne-photogrammetry.Eminyakeni yamuva nje, i-lidar nama-drones kuvame ukuvela emikhakheni ehlukahlukene yohlelo lokusebenza ngendlela yesibhakela esihlangene, esivame ukukhiqiza umphumela we-1+1>2.

Umzila wezobuchwepheshe we-lidar uthuthuka njalo. Akukho sakhiwo se-lidar esijwayelekile esingahlangabezana nezidingo zazo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukene. Izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ezahlukene zinezici zamafomu ezihlukene, izinkambu zokubuka, ukulungiswa kobubanzi, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nezindleko. Dinga.

I-Lidar inezinzuzo zayo, kodwa indlela yokwandisa izinzuzo idinga ukwesekwa kwezobuchwepheshe. I-zoom lidar ehlakaniphile ingakha izithombe ze-stereo ezinezinhlangothi ezintathu, ixazulule kahle izimo ezeqisayo ezifana nokukhanyisa ngemuva kwemigqa yokubona kanye nobunzima bokukhomba izinto ezingajwayelekile.Ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe, i-lidar izodlala indima yayo emikhakheni eminingi yezicelo ezingalindelekile, isilethela ezinye izimanga.

Enkathini yanamuhla lapho izindleko ziyinkosi, ama-radar anenani eliphezulu awakaze abe ukukhethwa kwemakethe evamile. Ikakhulukazi ekusetshenzisweni kokushayela okuzenzakalelayo kwe-L3, izindleko eziphezulu zama-radar angaphandle kuseyisithiyo esikhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwawo. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukushintshwa kwamanye amazwe kuma-radar asekhaya.

U-Lidar ubelokhu emele ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obusafufusa. Ukuthi ubuchwepheshe buvuthiwe noma cha kuhlobene nokusetshenziswa kwabo kanye nokukhuthazwa kokukhiqiza ngobuningi.Ubuchwepheshe obuvuthiwe abutholakali kuphela, kodwa futhi buhambisana nezindleko zezomnotho, zivumelane nezimo ezihlukahlukene, futhi uphephe ngokwanele.

Ngemuva kweminyaka eminingana yokuqoqwa kobuchwepheshe, imikhiqizo emisha ye-lidar iye yethulwa ngokuqhubekayo, futhi ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuye kwanda kakhulu.Izimo zezicelo nazo ziyanda, futhi eminye imikhiqizo ithunyelwe ezimakethe ezinkulu eYurophu nase-United States.

Kunjalo, izinkampani zama-lidar nazo zibhekana nalezi zingozi ezilandelayo: ukungaqiniseki ngesidingo, isikhathi eside sokukhuphuka kwabathengi ukuze bakhulise ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi, kanye nesikhathi eside sokuba i-lidar ikhiqize imali yangempela njengomhlinzeki.

Izinkampani zasekhaya eziqoqwe emkhakheni we-lidar iminyaka eminingi zizosebenza ngokujulile ezingxenyeni zazo zemakethe, kodwa uma zifuna ukuthatha amasheya emakethe amaningi, kufanele zihlanganise ukuqoqwa kobuchwepheshe bazo, zijule kubuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo, futhi zithuthukise futhi zithuthukise. imikhiqizo. Ikhwalithi nokuzinza kusebenza kanzima.