Amamotho, ngokuvamile abizwa ngokuthi amamotho kagesi, abuye aziwe ngokuthi amamotho, ajwayeleke kakhulu embonini nasempilweni yesimanje, futhi ayimishini ebaluleke kakhulu yokuguqula amandla kagesi abe amandla emishini.Izimoto zifakwe ezimotweni, ezitimeleni ezinesivinini esikhulu, ezindizeni, ezinjinini zomoya, amarobhothi, eminyango ezishintshayo, kumaphampu amanzi, kuma-hard drive ngisho nomakhalekhukhwini bethu abajwayelekile.

Abantu abaningi abasanda kufunda ezimotweni noma abasanda kufunda ulwazi lokushayela bangase babe nomuzwa wokuthi ulwazi lwezimoto kunzima ukuluqonda, futhi babone ngisho nezifundo ezifanele, futhi babizwa ngokuthi “ababulali bezikweletu”.Ukwabelana okulandelayo okuhlakazekile kungavumela abaqalayo ukuthi baqonde ngokushesha umgomo we-AC asynchronous motor.

Isimiso se-motor: Isimiso se-motor silula kakhulu. Kalula nje, iyisisetshenziswa esisebenzisa amandla kagesi ukuze sikhiqize inkambu kazibuthe ejikelezayo kukhoyili futhi iphushe i-rotor ukuthi ijikeleze.Noma ubani ofunde umthetho wokungeniswa kwe-electromagnetic uyazi ukuthi ikhoyili enamandla izophoqeleka ukuthi ijikeleze endaweni kazibuthe. Lesi yisimiso esiyisisekelo semoto. Lolu wulwazi lwefiziksi yesikole samabanga aphezulu.

Isakhiwo sezimoto: Noma ubani ohlakaze injini uyazi ukuthi injini yakhiwe izingxenye ezimbili, ingxenye ye-stator engashintshi kanye nengxenye ye-rotor ejikelezayo, kanje:

1. I-Stator (ingxenye emile)

I-Stator core: ingxenye ebalulekile yomjikelezo kazibuthe we-motor, lapho i-stator windings ibekwe khona;

I-Stator winding: Yikhoyili, ingxenye yesekethe yenjini, exhunywe kugesi futhi isetshenziselwe ukukhiqiza inkambu kazibuthe ezungezayo;

Isisekelo somshini: lungisa i-stator core kanye nesembozo sokuphela kwemoto, futhi udlale indima yokuvikela nokukhipha ukushisa;

2. Irotha (ingxenye ejikelezayo)

I-Rotor core: ingxenye ebalulekile yomjikelezo kazibuthe we-motor, i-rotor winding ifakwe ku-slot core;

I-Rotor winding: ukusika insimu yamagnetic ejikelezayo ye-stator ukuze kukhiqizwe amandla e-electromotive kanye namanje, futhi kwakhiwe i-torque ka-electromagnetic ukuzungezisa injini;

Amafomula amaningi wokubala wemoto:

1. Okuhlobene ne-electromagnetic

1) Ifomula yamandla e-electromotive eyenziwe yenjini: E=4.44*f*N*Φ, E ingamandla ekhoyili e-electromotive, f imvamisa, S indawo ephambanayo ye-conductor ezungezile (njengensimbi core), N inombolo yokujika, futhi u-Φ yi-pass magnetic.

Ukuthi ifomula itholakala kanjani, ngeke singene kulezi zinto, sizobona ngokuyinhloko ukuthi isetshenziswa kanjani.Amandla e-electromotive enziwe ayisisekelo sokungeniswa kwe-electromagnetic. Ngemuva kokuthi umqhubi onamandla okwenziwa yi-electromotive evaliwe, kuzokwenziwa umsinga owenziwe.Umsinga owenziwe ungaphansi kwamandla we-ampere endaweni kazibuthe, okudala umzuzu kazibuthe ophusha ikhoyili ukuthi ijike.

Kuyaziwa kusukela kufomula engenhla ukuthi ubukhulu bamandla e-electromotive bulingana nemvamisa yokunikezwa kwamandla, inani lokuphenduka kwekhoyili kanye ne-flux kazibuthe.

Ifomula yokubala ye-magnetic flux Φ=B*S*COSθ, lapho indiza enendawo S iqondane nendawo yamagnetic, i-engeli engu-θ ingu-0, i-COSθ ilingana no-1, futhi ifomula iba Φ=B*S .

Ukuhlanganisa amafomula amabili angenhla, ungathola ifomula yokubala amandla kazibuthe okuguquguquka kwenjini: B=E/(4.44*f*N*S).

2) Enye ifomula ye-Ampere force. Ukuze sazi ukuthi ikhoyili ithola amandla angakanani, sidinga le fomula F=I*L*B*sinα, lapho mina ngingamandla amanje, L ubude bekhoyili, B amandla kazibuthe, α yi-engeli phakathi isiqondiso samanje kanye nesiqondiso sensimu kazibuthe.Uma ucingo luhambisana nenkundla kazibuthe, ifomula iba F=I*L*B (uma kuyikhoyili ye-N-turn, i-magnetic flux B iyisamba esiphelele sikazibuthe sekhoyili ye-N-turn, futhi akukho udinga ukuphindaphinda N).

Uma uwazi amandla, uzokwazi i-torque. I-torque ilingana ne-torque ephindwe nge-radius yesenzo, T=r*F=r*I*B*L (umkhiqizo we-vector).Ngokusebenzisa amafomula amabili amandla = amandla * isivinini (P = F * V) kanye nesivinini somugqa V = 2πR * isivinini ngomzuzwana (n imizuzwana), ubuhlobo namandla bungasungulwa, kanye nefomula yalokhu okulandelayo No. ukutholwa.Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-torque yangempela yokukhipha isetshenziswa ngalesi sikhathi, ngakho-ke amandla abaliwe angamandla okukhipha.

2. Ifomula yokubala yejubane le-AC motor asynchronous: n=60f/P, lokhu kulula kakhulu, isivinini silingana nemvamisa yokunikezwa kwamandla, futhi ngokuphambene ngokulingana nenani lamapheya wezigxobo (khumbula ipheya ) yenjini, vele usebenzise ifomula ngokuqondile.Kodwa-ke, le fomula empeleni ibala isivinini esivumelanayo (isivinini samagnetic esijikelezayo), futhi isivinini sangempela se-asynchronous motor sizoba ngaphansi kancane kunejubane lokuvumelanisa, ngakho-ke sivame ukubona ukuthi i-4-pole motor ngokuvamile ingaphezu kuka-1400 rpm, kodwa ngaphansi kuka-1500 rpm.

3. Ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-torque yemoto kanye nesivinini semitha yamandla: T=9550P/n (P amandla emoto, n isivinini semoto), okungathathwa ngokuqukethwe kweNo. 1 ngenhla, kodwa akudingeki sifunde ukuthola, khumbula lesi sibalo Ifomula izokwenza.Kodwa khumbula futhi, amandla P kufomula akuwona amandla okufaka, kodwa amandla okukhipha. Ngenxa yokulahlekelwa injini, amandla okufaka awalingani namandla okukhipha.Kodwa izincwadi zivame ukuhlelwa, futhi amandla okufaka alingana namandla okukhipha.

4. Amandla emoto (amandla okokufaka):

1) Ifomula yokubala amandla enjini yesigaba esisodwa: P=U*I*cosφ, uma isici samandla singu-0.8, i-voltage ingu-220V, futhi yamanje ingu-2A, bese kuba amandla P=0.22×2×0.8=0.352KW.

2) Ifomula yokubala amandla enjini yezigaba ezintathu: P=1.732*U*I*cosφ (cosφ isici samandla, u-U yi-voltage yomugqa wokulayisha, futhi mina ngingumugqa wamanje womugqa).Kodwa-ke, i-U kanye nami yalolu hlobo ihlobene nokuxhuma kwe-motor. Ekuxhumekeni kwenkanyezi, njengoba iziphetho ezivamile zamakhoyili amathathu ahlukaniswe nge-voltage engu-120 ° zixhunywe ndawonye ukuze zakhe iphoyinti elingu-0, i-voltage elayishwe kukhoyili yomthwalo empeleni iyisigaba sesigaba. Uma kusetshenziswa indlela yokuxhuma i-delta, intambo kagesi ixhunywa ekugcineni kwekhoyili ngayinye, ngakho-ke i-voltage ekhoyili yokulayisha intambo kagesi.Uma i-voltage engu-3 yesigaba esivame ukusetshenziswa engu-380V isetshenziswa, ikhoyili ingu-220V ekuxhumekeni kwenkanyezi, kanti i-delta ingu-380V, P=U*I=U^2/R, ngakho amandla ekuxhumekeni kwe-delta kuwukuxhuma kwenkanyezi izikhathi ezi-3, yingakho injini enamandla amakhulu isebenzisa inkanyezi-delta ukuya phansi ukuze iqale.

Ngemva kokufunda ifomula engenhla nokuqonda kahle, isimiso se-motor ngeke sidideke, futhi ngeke wesabe ukufunda inkambo ephakeme yokushayela imoto.

Ezinye izingxenye ze-motor

I-1) I-Fan: ngokuvamile ifakwe emsileni we-motor ukuze ikhiphe ukushisa enjini;

2) Ibhokisi lokuhlanganisa: elisetshenziselwa ukuxhuma ekunikezeni amandla, njenge-AC yesigaba sesithathu se-asynchronous motor, lingaxhunyaniswa nenkanyezi noma i-delta ngokwezidingo;

3) Ukuzala: ukuxhuma izingxenye ezijikelezayo nezimile zemoto;

4. Ikhava yokugcina: Ikhava yangaphambili nangemuva ngaphandle kwenjini idlala indima esekelayo.

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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-13-2022