Isilawuli semoto sihlanganisa izingxenye ezimbili ezinkulu, ihadiwe nesoftware. Isofthiwe yayo eyinhloko nezinhlelo ngokuvamile zithuthukiswa abakhiqizi, kuyilapho abahlinzeki bezingxenye zezimoto bangahlinzeka ngehadiwe yesilawuli semoto kanye nabashayeli abangaphansi.Kulesi sigaba, ucwaningo lwangaphandle mayelana nesilawuli semoto yezimoto zikagesi ezihlanzekile lugxile kakhulu ezimotweni zikagesi ezihlanzekile ezishayelwa i-in-wheel.izinjini.Ezimotweni ezihlanzekile ezisebenza ngogesi ezinenjini eyodwa kuphela, ngokuvamile azifakelwe isilawuli semoto, kodwa isilawuli semoto sisetshenziselwa ukulawula imoto.Izinkampani eziningi ezinkulu zakwamanye amazwe zinganikeza izixazululo zesilawuli sezimoto ezivuthiwe, njenge-Continental, Bosch, Delphi, njll.
1. Ukwakheka nomgomo wesilawuli semoto
Isistimu yokulawula imoto yemoto kagesi ehlanzekile ihlukaniswe ikakhulukazi ngamasu amabili: ukulawula okuphakathi nendawo nokulawula okusabalalisiwe.
Umqondo oyisisekelo wesistimu yokulawula emaphakathi ukuthi isilawuli semoto siqedela ukuqoqwa kwamasignali okokufaka yedwa, sihlaziye futhi sicubungule idatha ngokwesu lokulawula, bese sikhipha imiyalo yokulawula ku-actuator ngayinye ukushayela ukushayela okuvamile kwe- imoto kagesi ehlanzekile.Izinzuzo zesistimu yokulawula emaphakathi ukucubungula okuphakathi, ukuphendula okusheshayo kanye nezindleko eziphansi; okubi ukuthi isifunda siyinkimbinkimbi futhi akulula ukuqeda ukushisa.
Umqondo oyisisekelo wesistimu yokulawula esabalalisiwe ukuthi isilawuli semoto siqoqa amasignali athile omshayeli, futhi sixhumane nesilawuli semoto kanye nesistimu yokuphatha ibhethri ngebhasi le-CAN. Isilawuli semoto kanye nesistimu yokuphatha ibhethri ngokulandelanayo iqoqa amasignali emoto ngebhasi le-CAN. idluliselwe kusilawuli semoto.Isilawuli semoto sihlaziya futhi sicubungule idatha ngokuya ngolwazi lwemoto futhi sihlanganiswe nesu lokulawula. Ngemuva kokuthi isilawuli semoto kanye nesistimu yokuphatha ibhethri zithole umyalo wokulawula, zilawula ukusebenza kwemoto kanye nokukhishwa kwebhethri ngokusho kolwazi lwesimo samanje semoto nebhethri.Izinzuzo zezinhlelo zokulawula ezisabalalisiwe ziyi-modularity kanye nobunzima obuphansi; ububi bubiza kakhulu.
Umdwebo wohlelo lwesistimu yokulawula imoto esabalalisiwe uboniswa esithombeni esingezansi. Isendlalelo esiphezulu sesistimu yokulawula imoto isilawuli semoto. Isilawuli semoto sithola ulwazi lwesilawuli semoto kanye nesistimu yokuphatha ibhethri ngebhasi le-CAN, futhi sinikeza ulwazi kusilawuli semoto nebhethri. Isistimu yokuphatha kanye nesistimu yokubonisa ulwazi lwemoto ithumela imiyalo yokulawula.Isilawuli semoto kanye nesistimu yokuphatha ibhethri inesibopho ngokulandelanayo sokuqapha nokuphathwa kwemoto eshayelayo kanye nebhethri lamandla.iphakethe, kanye nohlelo lokubonisa ulwazi olusebhodini lusetshenziselwa ukubonisa ulwazi lwesimo samanje semoto.
Umdwebo wohlelo lwesistimu yokulawula imoto esabalalisiwe
Isibalo esingezansi sibonisa umgomo wokuqanjwa kwesilawuli semoto kagesi esihlanzekile esakhiwe inkampani.Isekhethi yehadiwe yesilawuli semoto ihlanganisa amamojula afana ne-microcontroller, ukushintsha inani lesimo, isimo se-analog quantity, idrayivu edluliselwe, isixhumi esibonakalayo sebhasi ye-CAN enesivinini esikhulu, kanye nebhethri lamandla..
Umdwebo wohlelo lokubunjwa kwesilawuli semoto kagesi ehlanzekile esakhiwe inkampani
(1) Imojula yesilawuli esincane Imojula yesilawuli esincane siwumongo wesilawuli semoto. Uma kucatshangelwa umsebenzi wesilawuli semoto kagesi ehlanzekile kanye nemvelo yangaphandle yokusebenza kwayo, imodyuli ye-microcontroller kufanele ibe nokusebenza kokucubungula idatha ngesivinini esikhulu, okucebile Izici ze-interface ye-hardware, izindleko eziphansi nokuthembeka okuphezulu.
(2) Imojuli yokushintsha inani lokushintsha Imojula yesimo somthamo wokushintsha isetshenziselwa ukuguqulwa kwezinga kanye nokulolongwa kwenani lokufakwa kweswishi, ingxenye eyodwa yalo exhunywe nobuningi bezinzwa zobuningi bokushintsha., kanti esinye isiphetho sixhunywe nesilawuli esincane.
(3) Imojula ye-analog conditioning Imojula ye-analogue conditioning isetshenziselwa ukuqoqa amasignali e-analog e-accelerator pedal kanye ne-brake pedal, bese iwathumela ku-microcontroller.
(4) Imojula yokushayela i-relay Imojula yokushayela i-relay isetshenziselwa ukushayela ubuningi bokudluliselwa, enye ingxenye yayo exhunywe kusilawuli esincanyana nge-optoelectronic isolator, kanti esinye isiphetho sixhunywe ebuningini bokudlulisa.
(5) Imojula yesixhumi esibonakalayo sebhasi ye-CAN enesivinini esiphezulu Imojula yesixhumi esibonakalayo sebhasi ye-CAN ephezulu isetshenziselwa ukunikeza isixhumi esibonakalayo sebhasi le-CAN elinesivinini esikhulu, umkhawulo owodwa oxhunywe ku-microcontroller nge-isolator ye-optoelectronic, kanti omunye umkhawulo uxhumekile. kusistimu yebhasi le-CAN elinesivinini esikhulu.
(6) Imojula yokuphakela amandla Imojula yokuphakela amandla ihlinzeka ngamandla ahlukene e-microprocessor kanye nemojula ngayinye yokufaka nokuphumayo, iqapha umthamo webhethri, futhi ixhunywe kusilawuli esincane.
Isilawuli semoto siphatha, sixhumanise futhi siqaphe zonke izici zeketango lamandla emoto kagesi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kwamandla kwemoto futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha nokwethembeka.Isilawuli semoto siqoqa isignali yokushayela yomshayeli, sithola ulwazi olufanele lwesistimu ye-drive motor kanye nesistimu yebhethri yamandla ngebhasi le-CAN, sihlaziye futhi sibale, futhi sinikeze isilawuli semoto kanye neziyalezo zokuphatha ibhethri ngebhasi le-CAN ukuze kuqashelwe ukulawula ukushayela imoto futhi isilawuli sokuthuthukisa amandla. kanye nokulawula ukubuyisela amandla amabhuleki.Isilawuli semoto futhi sinomsebenzi wokuxhumana wensimbi obanzi, ongabonisa ulwazi lwesimo semoto; inokuxilongwa okuphelele kwephutha kanye nemisebenzi yokucubungula; inesango lemoto kanye nemisebenzi yokuphatha inethiwekhi.
2. Imisebenzi eyisisekelo yesilawuli semoto
Isilawuli semoto siqoqa ulwazi lokushayela olufana nesignali ye-accelerator pedal, isignali ye-brake pedal nesignali yokushintsha igiya, futhi ngasikhathi sinye samukela idatha ethunyelwe isilawuli semoto kanye nesistimu yokuphatha ibhethri ebhasini le-CAN, futhi sihlaziya ulwazi ngokuhambisana nesu lokulawula imoto. nokwahlulela, kukhiphe inhloso yokushayela yomshayeli kanye nolwazi lwesifundazwe olusebenzisa imoto, futhi ekugcineni luthumele imiyalo ngebhasi le-CAN ukuze lilawule umsebenzi wesilawuli sengxenye ngayinye ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukushayela okuvamile kwemoto.Isilawuli semoto kufanele sibe nemisebenzi elandelayo eyisisekelo.
(1) Umsebenzi wokulawula ukushayela kwemoto Injini yokushayela yemoto kagesi kufanele ikhiphe itorque yokushayela noma yokubhuleka ngokwenhloso yomshayeli.Uma umshayeli ecindezela i-accelerator pedal noma i-brake pedal, i-drive motor idinga ukukhipha amandla athile okushayela noma amandla okubhuleka avuselelayo.Ukuvuleka kwe-pedal enkulu, amandla okukhiphayo e-drive motor ayanda.Ngakho-ke, umlawuli wemoto kufanele achaze ngokunengqondo ukusebenza komshayeli; thola ulwazi lwempendulo evela ezinhlelweni ezingaphansi zemoto ukuze unikeze impendulo yokuthatha izinqumo kumshayeli; futhi uthumele imiyalo yokulawula ezinhlelweni ezingaphansi zemoto ukuze uzuze ukushayela okuvamile kwemoto.
(2) Ukuphathwa kwenethiwekhi yemoto yonke Isilawuli semoto singomunye wabalawuli abaningi bezimoto zikagesi kanye ne-node ebhasini le-CAN.Ekulawulweni kwenethiwekhi yezimoto, isilawuli semoto siyisikhungo sokulawula ulwazi, sinesibopho sokuhlela nokudlulisa ulwazi, ukuqapha isimo senethiwekhi, ukuphathwa kwezindawo zenethiwekhi, nokuxilongwa kwephutha lenethiwekhi nokucubungula.
(3) Ukutholwa kwamandla okubhuleka Isici esibalulekile sezimoto ezisebenza ngogesi ezingenasici esihluke ezimotweni zenjini evuthayo ukuthi ziyakwazi ukubuyisela amandla okubhuleka. Lokhu kufezwa ngokusebenzisa injini yezimoto ezisebenza ngogesi ezisesimweni esivuselelwayo sokubhuleka. Ukuhlaziywa kwesilawuli semoto Inhloso yokubhuleka yomshayeli, isimo sephakethe lebhethri lamandla kanye nolwazi lwesimo semoto, kuhlanganiswe nesu lokulawula ukubuyisela amandla ebhuleki, thumela imiyalo yemodi yemoto nemiyalo yetorque kusilawuli semoto ngaphansi kwezimo zokutholwa kwamandla okubhuleka, ukuthi idrayivu Injini isebenza kumodi yokukhiqiza amandla, futhi amandla atholwe ukubhuleka kukagesi agcinwa kuphakethe lebhethri lamandla ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukusebenza kwamabhuleki, ukuze kubonakale ukutholakala kwamandla okubhuleka.
(4) Ukuphathwa kwamandla emoto kanye nokwenza kahle Ezimotweni zikagesi ezimsulwa, ibhethri lamandla alinikezi nje amandla enjini yokushayela, kodwa futhi linikeza amandla ezinsizakalweni zikagesi. Ngakho-ke, ukuze kutholwe izinga eliphezulu lokushayela, isilawuli semoto sizoba nesibopho sawo wonke amandla emoto. Ukuphathwa kwamandla ukuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla.Uma inani le-SOC lebhethri liphansi uma kuqhathaniswa, isilawuli semoto sizothumela imiyalo kwezinye izesekeli zikagesi ukuze kukhawulwe amandla okukhipha ezisekeli zikagesi ukuze kwandiswe ibanga lokushayela.
(5) Ukuqapha nokuboniswa kwesimo semoto Ulwazi olunjengamandla, amandla kagesi aphelele, amandla kagesi weselula, izinga lokushisa lebhethri kanye nephutha, bese lithumela lolu lwazi lwesikhathi sangempela ohlelweni lokubonisa ulwazi lwemoto ngebhasi le-CAN ukuze liboniswe.Ngaphezu kwalokho, isilawuli semoto sihlala sibona ukuxhumana kwemojuli ngayinye ebhasini le-CAN. Uma ithola ukuthi i-node ebhasini ayikwazi ukuxhumana ngokujwayelekile, izobonisa ulwazi lwephutha ohlelweni lokubonisa ulwazi lwemoto, futhi ithathe izinyathelo ezifanele ezimweni eziphuthumayo ezihambisanayo. ukucubungula ukuvimbela ukuvela kwezimo ezimbi kakhulu, ukuze umshayeli akwazi ukuthola ngokuqondile nangokunembile ulwazi lwamanje lwesimo sokusebenza semoto.
(6) Ukuxilongwa kwephutha nokucubungula Ngokuqhubekayo uqaphe uhlelo lokulawula imoto ngogesi ukuze kutholakale iphutha.Isikhombi sephutha sibonisa isigaba samaphutha namanye amakhodi amaphutha.Ngokusho kokuqukethwe okuyiphutha, yenza inqubo yokuvikela ukuphepha ngesikhathi esifanele.Ngamaphutha angathí sina kakhulu, kuyenzeka ukushayela ngesivinini esiphansi uye esiteshini sokulungisa esiseduze ukuze silungiswe.
(7) Abaphathi bokushaja bangaphandle bayakubona ukuxhunywa kokushaja, baqaphe inqubo yokushaja, babike isimo sokushaja, futhi baqede ukushaja.
(8) Ukuxilongwa ku-inthanethi kanye nokutholwa ungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi kwemishini yokuxilonga inesibopho sokuxhuma kanye nokuxhumana kokuxilonga ngemishini yangaphandle yokuxilonga, futhi ibona izinsizakalo zokuxilonga ze-UDS, okuhlanganisa ukufundwa kwemifudlana yedatha, ukufunda nokusula amakhodi amaphutha, nokulungisa amaphutha ezichwebeni zokulawula. .
Umfanekiso ongezansi uyisibonelo sesilawuli semoto kagesi emsulwa. Inquma inhloso yomshayeli ngokuqoqa amasignali okulawula phakathi nokushayela nokushaja, iphathe futhi ihlele okokusebenza kokulawula i-electronic yemoto ngebhasi le-CAN, futhi isebenzisa amamodeli ahlukene kumamodeli ahlukene. Ukulawula isu lokubona ukulawula ukushayela kwezimoto, ukulawulwa kokwenza amandla kahle, ukubhuleka ukulawulwa kokutholwa kwamandla kanye nokuphathwa kwenethiwekhi.Isilawuli semoto samukela ubuchwepheshe obufana ne-microcomputer, idrayivu yamandla ehlakaniphile nebhasi le-CAN, futhi sinezici zokusabela okuhle okuguquguqukayo, ukunemba kwamasampula aphezulu, ikhono eliqinile lokulwa nokuphazamiseka kanye nokwethembeka okuhle.
Isibonelo sesilawuli semoto kagesi emsulwa
3. Izidingo Zokuklama Isilawuli Semoto
Izinzwa ezithumela ngokuqondile amasiginali kusilawuli semoto zifaka inzwa yokunyathela i-accelerator, inzwa yokunyathela ibhuleki kanye ne-switch yegiya, lapho inzwa ye-accelerator pedal kanye namasignali e-analog ephumayo yenzwa ye-brake, kanye nesignali ephumayo yeswishi yegiya isignali yokushintsha.Isilawuli semoto silawula ngokungaqondile ukusebenza kwemoto yokushayela kanye nokushajwa nokushajwa kwebhethri lamandla ngokuthumela imiyalo kusilawuli semoto kanye nohlelo lokuphatha ibhethri, futhi sibona ukuvalwa kwemojula esebhodini ngokulawula ukudluliselwa okuyinhloko. .
Ngokuya ngokubunjwa kwenethiwekhi yokulawula imoto kanye nokuhlaziywa kwezimpawu zokufaka nokuphumayo zesilawuli semoto, isilawuli semoto kufanele sihlangabezane nezidingo zobuchwepheshe ezilandelayo.
① Lapho udizayina isekethe yehadiwe, indawo yokushayela yemoto kagesi kufanele inakwe ngokugcwele, ukuhambisana kozibuthe kagesi kufanele kunakwe, kanye nekhono lokulwa nokuphazamiseka kufanele lithuthukiswe.Isilawuli semoto kufanele sibe nekhono elithile lokuzivikela ku-software ne-hardware ukuvimbela ukwenzeka kwezimo ezimbi kakhulu.
② Isilawuli semoto sidinga ukuba nezindawo zokusebenzelana ezanele ze-I/O ukuze sikwazi ukuqoqa ngokushesha nangokunembile ulwazi oluhlukahlukene lokufakwayo, kanye namashaneli okuguqula okungenani ama-A/D amabili ukuze aqoqe amasignali e-accelerator pedal namasignali amabhuleki e-pedal. Ishaneli yokufaka yedijithali isetshenziselwa ukuqoqa isignali yegiya lemoto, futhi kufanele kube namashaneli amaningi okukhipha isignali yedrayivu yamandla ukushayela ukudluliselwa kwemoto.
③ Isilawuli semoto kufanele sibe nezinhlobonhlobo zokuxhumana. I-interface yokuxhumana ye-CAN isetshenziselwa ukuxhumana nesilawuli semoto, isistimu yokuphatha ibhethri kanye nesistimu yokubonisa ulwazi lwemoto. I-interface yokuxhumana ye-RS232 isetshenziselwa ukuxhumana nekhompuyutha yokusingatha, futhi isixhumi esibonakalayo sokuxhumana se-RS-485 sigodliwe. /422 isixhumi esibonakalayo sokuxhumana, esingasebenzisana namadivayisi angasekeli ukuxhumana kwe-CAN, njengamamodeli athile ezikrini zokuthinta imoto.
④ Ngaphansi kwezimo zomgwaqo ezihlukene, imoto izohlangabezana nokushaqeka nokudlidliza okuhlukile. Isilawuli semoto kufanele sibe nokumelana nokushaqeka okuhle ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukwethembeka nokuphepha kwemoto.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-09-2022