[Abstract]Amandla e-hydrogen awuhlobo lwamandla esibili anemithombo eningi, ikhabhoni eluhlaza nephansi, kanye nokusetshenziswa okubanzi. Kungasiza ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kwamandla avuselelekayo, kubone ukushefa okukhulu kwegridi yamandla kanye nokugcinwa kwamandla kuzo zonke izinkathi zonyaka nezifunda, futhi kusheshise ukukhuthazwa kwezimboni, ezokwakha, ezokuthutha kanye neminye imikhakha yekhabhoni ephansi.izwe lami linesisekelo esihle sokukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen kanye nemakethe yokufaka izicelo ezinkulu, futhi linezinzuzo ezibalulekile ekuthuthukiseni amandla e-hydrogen.Ukusheshisa ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yamandla e-hydrogen kuyindlela ebalulekile yokusiza izwe lami ukuthi lifinyelele umgomo wokuqeda ikhabhoni.Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ezedlule, Ikhomishini Kazwelonke Yokuthuthukiswa Nezinguquko kanye Nokuphathwa Kwezamandla Kuzwelonke ngokuhlanganyela bakhiphe “Uhlelo Lwesikhathi Esimaphakathi Neside Lokuthuthukiswa Kwemboni Yamandla E-Hydrogen (2021-2035)”.Ukuthuthukiswa nokusetshenziswa kwamandla e-hydrogen kudala uguquko olukhulu lwamandla. Amandla e-hydrogen abe ikhodi entsha yokuqeda inkinga yamandla nokwakha uhlelo lwamandla lwesimanje oluhlanzekile, olunekhabhoni ephansi, oluphephile nolusebenzayo.
Inkinga yamandla ivule indlela yokuhlolwa kokuthuthukiswa nokusetshenziswa kwe-hydrogen energy.
Amandla e-hydrogen njengamanye amandla angena emkhakheni wombono wabantu, ongalandelelwa emuva kuma-1970s.Ngaleso sikhathi, impi yaseMpumalanga Ephakathi yabangela inkinga kawoyela emhlabeni wonke. Ukuze kuqedwe ukuncika emafutheni angenisiwe, i-United States yaqala yahlongoza umqondo wokuthi "umnotho we-hydrogen", iphikisana ngokuthi esikhathini esizayo, i-hydrogen ingase ithathe indawo kawoyela futhi ibe amandla amakhulu asekela ezokuthutha zomhlaba wonke.Kusukela ngo-1960 kuya ku-2000, i-fuel cell, ithuluzi elibalulekile lokusebenzisa amandla e-hydrogen, yathuthukiswa ngokushesha, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwayo ku-aerospace, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kanye nezokuthutha kuye kwafakazela ngokugcwele ukuthi kungenzeka yini amandla e-hydrogen njengomthombo wamandla wesibili.Imboni yamandla e-hydrogen yangena ebhilidini eliphansi cishe ngo-2010.Kodwa ukukhishwa kwemoto yakwaToyota “ikusasa” likaphethiloli ngo-2014 kwavusa enye futhi i-hydrogen boom.Ngokulandelayo, amazwe amaningi akhiphe ngokulandelana izindlela zamasu okuthuthukiswa kwamandla e-hydrogen, ikakhulukazi egxile ekuphehleni ugesi kanye nezokuthutha ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni zamandla e-hydrogen nezimboni zamaseli kaphethiloli; i-EU yakhipha i-EU Hydrogen Energy Strategy ngo-2020, ihlose ukukhuthaza amandla e-hydrogen embonini, ezokuthutha, Ukukhiqiza Amandla nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza kuyo yonke imikhakha; ngo-2020, i-United States yakhipha "I-Hydrogen Energy Plan Development Plan", yakha izinkomba eziningi ezibalulekile zobuchwepheshe nezomnotho, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi ibe umholi wemakethe ochungechungeni lwemboni ye-hydrogen energy.Kuze kube manje, amazwe ahlanganisa u-75% womnotho womhlaba wonke asethule izinqubomgomo zokuthuthukisa amandla e-hydrogen ukuze akhuthaze ngenkuthalo ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla e-hydrogen.
Uma kuqhathaniswa namazwe athuthukile, imboni yamandla e-hydrogen yezwe lami isesigabeni sokuqala sokuthuthuka.Eminyakeni yamuva nje, izwe lami liye lanaka kakhulu imboni yamandla e-hydrogen.Ngo-March 2019, amandla e-hydrogen abhalwa ku-"Government Work Report" okokuqala ngqa, ukusheshisa ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezifana nokushaja kanye ne-hydrogenation endaweni yomphakathi; Kufakwe esigabeni samandla; ngoSepthemba 2020, iminyango emihlanu okuhlanganisa noMnyango Wezezimali, uMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi ngokubambisana izofeza ngokuhlanganyela ukusetshenziswa kwezimoto ezithwala uphethiloli, futhi iklomelise ama-agglomerations afanelekile asemadolobheni ngokusungulwa kwezimboni kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemiboniso yobuchwepheshe obuyinhloko bezimoto zamaseli kaphethiloli. ;Ngo-Okthoba 2021, IKomidi Elimaphakathi LeQembu LamaKhomanisi laseShayina kanye noMkhandlu Wezwe lakhipha “Imibono Ngokusetshenziswa Ngokunembile Ngokuphelele Umqondo Omusha Wokuthuthukisa Nokwenza Umsebenzi Omuhle Ekungeneni KweCarbon” ukuze kudidiyelwe ukuthuthukiswa kwalo lonke uchungechunge lwamandla e-hydrogen. "production-storage-transmission-use"; NgoMashi 2022, Ikhomishini Kazwelonke Yokuthuthukiswa Nezinguquko yakhipha “Uhlelo Lwesikhathi Esimaphakathi Neside Lokuthuthukiswa Kwemboni Yamandla E-Hydrogen (2021-2035)”, futhi amandla e-hydrogen akhonjwa njengengxenye ebalulekile yohlelo lwamandla lukazwelonke lwesikhathi esizayo kanye ukhiye wokubona uguquko oluluhlaza kanye nekhabhoni ephansi yamatheminali asebenzisa amandla. Umthwali obalulekile, imboni yamandla e-hydrogen ikhonjwe njengemboni enamasu asafufusa kanye nesiqondiso esibalulekile sokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yesikhathi esizayo.
Eminyakeni yamuva, imboni yamandla e-hydrogen yezwe lami ithuthuke ngokushesha, ngokuyisisekelo ihlanganisa lonke uchungechunge lokukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen-storage-transmission-use.
Ingxenye engenhla yochungechunge lwemboni yamandla e-hydrogen ukukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen. izwe lami lingumkhiqizi omkhulu we-hydrogen emhlabeni, elinamandla okukhiqiza i-hydrogen angaba amathani ayizigidi ezingu-33.Ngokuya ngamandla okukhishwa kwekhabhoni yenqubo yokukhiqiza, i-hydrogen ihlukaniswe ngokuthi “i-hydrogen empunga”, “i-hydrogen eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka” kanye “ne-hydrogen eluhlaza”.I-hydrogen empunga ibhekisela ku-hydrogen ekhiqizwa ukushisa kwezinto ezimbiwa phansi, futhi kuzoba nokukhishwa okuningi kwesikhutha ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza; i-hydrogen eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka isekelwe ku-hydrogen empunga, isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokubamba kanye nokugcinwa kwekhabhoni ukuze kuzuzwe ukukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen ephansi; i-hydrogen eluhlaza ikhiqizwa amandla Avuselelekayo njengamandla elanga namandla omoya asetshenziselwa ukugcwalisa ugesi emanzini ukuze kukhiqizwe i-hydrogen, futhi akukho kukhishwa kwekhabhoni lapho kukhiqizwa i-hydrogen.Njengamanje, ukukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen yezwe lami kubuswa ukukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen esekelwe emalahleni, okubalelwa ku-80%.Ngokuzayo, njengoba izindleko zokuphehlwa kwamandla avuselelekayo ziqhubeka nokwehla, ingxenye ye-hydrogen eluhlaza izokhula unyaka nonyaka, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi ifinyelele ku-70% ngo-2050.
Ingxenye emaphakathi yochungechunge lwemboni yamandla e-hydrogen yindawo yokugcina i-hydrogen kanye nokuhamba. Ubuchwepheshe bokugcina igesi enomfutho ophezulu kanye nobuchwepheshe bezokuthutha buye bathengiswa futhi buyindlela ebanzi kakhulu yokugcina amandla e-hydrogen kanye nendlela yokuthutha.I-trailer yeshubhu ende inokuguquguquka okuphezulu kwezokuthutha futhi ifanele ukuhamba ibanga elifushane, ivolumu encane yokuhamba kwe-hydrogen; isitoreji se-hydrogen esiwuketshezi kanye nesitoreji se-hydrogen-state esiqinile asidingi imikhumbi yokucindezela, futhi ukuthutha kulula, okuyisiqondiso sokugcina amandla e-hydrogen amaningi kanye nokuhamba esikhathini esizayo.
Indawo engezansi yochungechunge lwemboni yamandla e-hydrogen ukusetshenziswa okuphelele kwe-hydrogen. Njengempahla eluhlaza yezimboni, i-hydrogen ingasetshenziswa kabanzi ku-petroleum, amakhemikhali, i-metallurgy, i-electronics, imithi kanye neminye imikhakha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-hydrogen ingabuye iguqulwe ibe ugesi nokushisa ngamaseli e-hydrogen fuel noma izinjini ze-hydrogen zangaphakathi ezivuthayo. , engahlanganisa zonke izici zokukhiqizwa komphakathi kanye nempilo.Ngo-2060, isidingo samandla e-hydrogen ezweni lami kulindeleke ukuthi sifinyelele kumathani ayizigidi eziyi-130, okuyisidingo sezimboni esinamandla, esibalelwa ku-60%, futhi umkhakha wezokuthutha uzokhula ube ngama-31% unyaka nonyaka.
Ukuthuthukiswa nokusetshenziswa kwamandla e-hydrogen kudala uguquko olukhulu lwamandla.
Amandla e-hydrogen anamathuba abanzi okusebenza emikhakheni eminingi efana nezokuthutha, izimboni, ezokwakha kanye nogesi.
Emkhakheni wezokuthutha, ezokuthutha ezihamba amabanga amade, izitimela, izindiza nemikhumbi zithatha amandla e-hydrogen njengenye yezinto ezibaswayo ezibalulekile zokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni.Kulesi sigaba, izwe lami liphethwe ikakhulukazi amabhasi e-hydrogen fuel cell namaloli asindayo, inani lawo elingaphezu kuka-6,000.Mayelana nengqalasizinda ehambisanayo esekelayo, izwe lami selakhe iziteshi zokugcwalisa i-hydrogen ezingaphezu kuka-250, ezibalelwa ku-40% yenani lomhlaba wonke, likleliswe kuqala emhlabeni.Ngokusho kwedatha ekhishwe yiKomidi Lokuhlela Ama-Olimpiki Wasebusika eBeijing, le midlalo yama-Olimpiki Yasebusika izokhombisa ukusebenza kwezimoto ezingaphezu kuka-1,000 ze-hydrogen fuel cell, ezifakwe iziteshi ezingaphezu kuka-30 zokugcwalisa i-hydrogen, okuyisicelo esikhulu kunazo zonke sokusebenzisa izimoto zamaseli kaphethiloli umhlaba.
Njengamanje, inkambu enengxenye enkulu yokusetshenziswa kwamandla e-hydrogen ezweni lami inkambu yezimboni.Ngaphezu kwezakhiwo zayo zikaphethiloli wamandla, amandla e-hydrogen nawo ayinto ebalulekile yezimboni.I-hydrogen ingangena esikhundleni se-coke negesi yemvelo njenge-ejenti yokunciphisa, engaqeda ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni okuningi ezinqubweni ze-iron ne-steelmaking.Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla avuselelekayo kanye nogesi ukugcwalisa amanzi ngogesi ukuze kukhiqizwe i-hydrogen, bese kuhlanganiswa imikhiqizo yamakhemikhali efana ne-ammonia ne-methanol, kusiza ekunciphiseni okukhulu kwekhabhoni kanye nokunciphisa ukungcola embonini yamakhemikhali.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwamandla e-hydrogen nezakhiwo kuwumqondo omusha wesakhiwo esiluhlaza esivele eminyakeni yamuva.Inkambu yokwakha idinga ukusebenzisa amandla amaningi kagesi namandla okushisa, futhi ibhalwe njengemizi emithathu emikhulu “esebenzisa amandla” ezweni lami kanye nenkundla yezokuthutha kanye nenkundla yezimboni.Ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqizwa kwamandla kagesi we-hydrogen fuel cell cishe kungama-50% kuphela, kanti ukusebenza kahle sekukonke kokushisa okuhlangene namandla kungafinyelela ku-85%. Nakuba ama-hydrogen fuel cell ekhiqiza ugesi ezakhiweni, ukushisa okuyimfucuza kungabuyiswa ukuze kushiswe namanzi ashisayo.Mayelana nokuthuthwa nge-hydrogen ukuya ezikhumulweni zokwakha, i-hydrogen ingaxutshwa negesi yemvelo ngengxenye engaphansi kwama-20% ngosizo lwenethiwekhi yamapayipi egesi yemvelo asekhaya aphelele futhi athuthelwe ezinkulungwaneni zemizi.Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ngo-2050, u-10% wokushisa kwezakhiwo zomhlaba kanye no-8% wamandla wokwakha uzohlinzekwa yi-hydrogen, ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-carbon dioxide ngamathani ayizigidi ezingu-700 ngonyaka.
Emkhakheni kagesi, ngenxa yokungazinzi kwamandla avuselelekayo, amandla e-hydrogen angaba uhlobo olusha lokugcina amandla ngokuguqulwa kukagesi-hydrogen-electricity.Ngezikhathi zokusetshenziswa kukagesi okuphansi, i-hydrogen ikhiqizwa ngamanzi a-electrolyzing anamandla avuselelekayo, futhi agcinwe ngendlela yegesi enomfutho ophezulu, uketshezi olunezinga lokushisa eliphansi, uketshezi oluphilayo noma izinto eziqinile; ngezikhathi eziphakeme kakhulu zokusetshenziswa kukagesi, i-hydrogen egciniwe idluliswa kuphethiloli Amabhethri noma amayunithi e-hydrogen turbine akhiqiza ugesi, ofakwa kugridi yomphakathi.Isilinganiso sokulondoloza amandla e-hydrogen sikhulu, sifinyelela kuma-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingu-1, futhi isikhathi sokugcina side. Ukugcinwa kwesizini kungenziwa ngokuya ngomehluko ophumayo wamandla elanga, amandla omoya, nemithombo yamanzi.Ngo-August 2019, iphrojekthi yokuqala yezwe yami yokugcina amandla e-hydrogen esikalini se-megawatt yethulwa e-Lu'an, eSifundazweni sase-Anhui, futhi yaxhunywa ngempumelelo kugridi yokuphehlwa kukagesi ngo-2022.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-electro-hydrogen coupling izophinde ibambe iqhaza elibalulekile ekwakhiweni kwesistimu yamandla yesimanje ezweni lami.
Ngokombono ohlanzekile futhi onekhabhoni ephansi, ukufakwa kukagesi ngezinga elikhulu kuyithuluzi elinamandla lokunciphisa ikhabhoni emikhakheni eminingi ezweni lami, njengezimoto zikagesi endaweni yezokuthutha ezithatha indawo yezimoto zikaphethiloli, kanye nokushisisa kukagesi endaweni yokwakha esikhundleni se-boiler yendabuko yokushisisa. .Kodwa-ke, kusenezimboni okunzima ukufeza ukuncishiswa kwekhabhoni ngokufaka ugesi oqondile. Izimboni ezinzima kakhulu zihlanganisa insimbi, amakhemikhali, ezokuthutha emgwaqeni, ezokuthutha ngemikhumbi nezondiza.Amandla e-hydrogen anezinto ezimbaxambili zamandla kaphethiloli kanye nempahla yokusetshenziswa yezimboni, futhi angadlala indima ebalulekile kule mikhakha eshiwo ngenhla okunzima ukuyikhipha ngokujulile i-carbon dioxide.
Ngokombono wokuphepha nokusebenza kahle, okokuqala, amandla e-hydrogen angakhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwesabelo esikhulu samandla avuselelekayo futhi anciphise ngempumelelo ukuncika kwezwe lami ekuthengeni uwoyela negesi; Ibhalansi yesifunda yokunikezwa kwamandla kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezwe lami; ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokunciphisa izindleko zikagesi wamandla avuselelekayo, umnotho kagesi oluhlaza kanye namandla e-hydrogen eluhlaza kuzothuthukiswa, futhi zizokwamukelwa kabanzi futhi zisetshenziswe umphakathi; Amandla e-hydrogen nogesi, njengama-energy hubs, kungaphezulu Kulula ukuhlanganisa imithombo yamandla ehlukahlukene njengamandla okushisa, amandla abandayo, uphethiloli, njll., ukusungula ngokuhlanganyela inethiwekhi yamandla yesimanje exhumene, kwakhiwe uhlelo lokuphakela amandla oluqinile, futhi ngcono ukusebenza kahle, umnotho kanye nokuvikeleka kohlelo lokuphakelwa kukagesi.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yezamandla e-hydrogen yezwe lami kusabhekene nezinselelo
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen eluhlaza engabizi kakhulu futhi ekhishwa kancane kungenye yezinselelo ezibalulekile ezibhekene nemboni yamandla e-hydrogen.Ngaphansi kwesisekelo sokungengezi ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni entsha, ukuxazulula inkinga yomthombo we-hydrogen kuyisisekelo sokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yamandla e-hydrogen.Ukukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen yamandla ezinto ezimbiwa phansi kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen ngomkhiqizo wezimboni kuvuthiwe futhi kuyabiza, futhi kuzohlala kungumthombo oyinhloko we-hydrogen esikhathini esifushane.Kodwa-ke, izinqolobane zamandla ezinsalela zilinganiselwe, futhi kusekhona inkinga yokukhishwa kwekhabhoni enqubweni yokukhiqiza i-hydrogen; ukukhiqizwa kwe-industrial by-product ye-hydrogen kunqunyelwe futhi ibanga lemisebe yokuhlinzeka lifushane.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen kusuka ku-electrolysis yamanzi kulula ukukuhlanganisa namandla avuselelekayo, kunamandla amakhulu esikalini, kuhlanzekile futhi kuzinzile, futhi kuyindlela yokuhlinzeka nge-hydrogen eluhlaza kakhulu.Njengamanje, ubuchwepheshe bezwe lami be-alkaline electrolysis buseduze nezinga lamazwe ngamazwe futhi buwubuchwepheshe obuvamile emkhakheni we-electrolysis yezohwebo, kodwa kunendawo elinganiselwe yokunciphisa izindleko esikhathini esizayo.I-proton exchange membrane electrolysis yamanzi okukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen okwamanje iyabiza, futhi izinga lokutholakala kwamadivayisi abalulekile liyakhula unyaka nonyaka.I-Solid oxide electrolysis isiseduze nokudayiswa kwamanye amazwe, kodwa isesigabeni sokubamba ekhaya.
uhlelo lwezwe lami lokuhlinzeka ngochungechunge lwamandla e-hydrogen alukaqediwe, futhi lisekhona igebe phakathi kokusetshenziswa kwezentengiselwano ezinkulu.Iziteshi ze-hydrogenation ezingaphezu kwama-200 ezakhiwe ezweni lami, iningi lazo okuyiziteshi ze-35MPa ze-gaseous hydrogenation, kanye neziteshi ze-70MPa ezinomfutho ophezulu we-hydrogenation ezine-akhawunti enkulu yokugcina i-hydrogen ngengxenye encane.Ukuntula isipiliyoni ekwakhiweni nasekusebenzeni kweziteshi ze-liquid hydrogen refueling kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen edidiyelwe kanye neziteshi ze-hydrogenation.Njengamanje, ukuthuthwa kwe-hydrogen kusekelwe ikakhulukazi ekuthuthweni kwenqola eneshubhu elide elinengcindezi enkulu, futhi ukuthuthwa kwamapayipi kuseyiphuzu elibuthakathaka.Njengamanje, i-mileage yamapayipi e-hydrogen ingamakhilomitha angaba ngu-400, futhi amapayipi asetshenziswayo angamakhilomitha angaba ngu-100 kuphela.Ukuthuthwa kwamapayipi nakho kubhekene nokwenzeka kokugqilazeka kwe-hydrogen okubangelwa ukuphuma kwe-hydrogen. Esikhathini esizayo, kusadingeka ukuqhubeka nokuthuthukisa izakhiwo zamakhemikhali nezomshini wezinto zamapayipi.Kuye kwenziwa inqubekelaphambili ebalulekile kubuchwepheshe bokugcina i-hydrogen ewuketshezi kanye nobuchwepheshe be-metal hydride hydrogen storage, kodwa ibhalansi phakathi kokuminyana kwe-hydrogen yokugcina, ukuphepha kanye nezindleko akukaxazululwa, futhi kusekhona igebe elithile phakathi kwezicelo zokuhweba ezinkulu.
Uhlelo lwenqubomgomo oluyisipesheli kanye neminyango eminingi nemikhakha eminingi yokudidiyela kanye nendlela yokusebenzisana akukakapheleli.“Uhlelo Lwesikhathi Esimaphakathi Neside Lokuthuthukiswa Kwemboni Yamandla E-Hydrogen (2021-2035)” luwuhlelo lokuqala lokuthuthukiswa kwamandla e-hydrogen ezingeni likazwelonke, kodwa uhlelo olukhethekile nohlelo lwenqubomgomo kusadingeka luthuthukiswe. Esikhathini esizayo, kuyadingeka ukuqhubeka nokucacisa isiqondiso, izinjongo kanye nezinto eziza kuqala ekuthuthukisweni kwezimboni.Uchungechunge lwemboni yamandla e-hydrogen lubandakanya ubuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene nezinkambu zezimboni. Okwamanje, kusenezinkinga ezifana nokungahlanganyeli kahle kwezinhlaka ezahlukene kanye nendlela yokuxhumanisa iminyango eyahlukene.Isibonelo, ukwakhiwa kweziteshi ze-hydrogen refueling kudinga ukubambisana kweminyango eminingi efana nenhloko-dolobha, ubuchwepheshe, ingqalasizinda, nokulawulwa kwamakhemikhali ayingozi. Njengamanje, kunezinkinga ezifana neziphathimandla ezinekhono ezingacacile, ubunzima bokugunyazwa, futhi izakhiwo ze-hydrogen zisengamakhemikhali ayingozi kuphela, okubeka usongo olukhulu ekuthuthukiseni imboni. izithiyo ezinkulu.
Sikholelwa ukuthi ubuchwepheshe, amapulatifomu kanye namakhono yizindawo zokukhula zokweseka ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yezamandla e-hydrogen yezwe lami.
Okokuqala, kuyadingeka ukuthuthukisa ngokuqhubekayo izinga lobuchwepheshe obuyinhloko obuyinhloko.Ukuqamba okusha kwezobuchwepheshe kuwumgogodla wokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yamandla e-hydrogen.Ngokuzayo, izwe lami lizoqhubeka nokukhuthaza ucwaningo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obuyinhloko ekukhiqizeni, ekugcinweni, ekuthuthweni nasekusetshenzisweni kwamandla e-hydrogen aluhlaza kanye nekhabhoni ephansi.Sheshisa indlela entsha yobuchwepheshe yamaseli kaphethiloli we-membrane ye-proton, uthuthukise izinto ezibalulekile, uthuthukise izinkomba zokusebenza eziyinhloko namandla okukhiqiza ngobuningi, futhi uqhubeke nokuthuthukisa ukwethembeka, ukuqina nokuqina kwamangqamuzana kaphethiloli.Kuzokwenziwa imizamo yokuthuthukisa i-R&D kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezingxenye ezibalulekile kanye nemishini ebalulekile.Sheshisa intuthuko yokuguqulwa kokukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen yamandla avuselelekayo kanye nesilinganiso sokukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen ngomshini owodwa, futhi wenze intuthuko kubuchwepheshe obuyinhloko kusixhumanisi sengqalasizinda yamandla e-hydrogen.Qhubeka nokwenza ucwaningo ngemithetho eyisisekelo yokuphepha kwamandla e-hydrogen.Qhubeka nokuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe bamandla e-hydrogen obuthuthukisiwe, amathuluzi abalulekile, izinhlelo zokusebenza zemibukiso kanye nokusungulwa kwezimboni zemikhiqizo emikhulu, futhi kwakhiwe uhlelo lokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bezinga eliphezulu lemboni yamandla e-hydrogen.
Okwesibili, kumele sigxile ekwakheni inkundla yokusekela ukusungulwa kwezinto ezintsha.Ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yamandla e-hydrogen kudinga ukugxila ezindaweni ezibalulekile kanye nezixhumanisi ezibalulekile, futhi kwakhiwe isiteji sokusungula esinamazinga amaningi nezinhlobonhlobo.Sekela amanyuvesi, izikhungo zocwaningo, kanye namabhizinisi ukusheshisa ukwakhiwa kwamalabhorethri abalulekile kanye nezinkundla zokucwaninga ezisezingeni eliphezulu, nokwenza ucwaningo oluyisisekelo mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwamandla e-hydrogen kanye nocwaningo lobuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu.Ekuqaleni kuka-2022, Ikhomishana Kazwelonke Yokuthuthukiswa Nezinguquko kanye Nomnyango Wezemfundo bakhiphe “Ukugunyazwa Kombiko Wokucwaninga Okungenzeka Ngemboni Kazwelonke Yokugcinwa Kwamandla Embonini-yezemfundo Yokuhlanganiswa Kweplathifomu Yeplathifomu Yeplathifomu Yeplathifomu Yokusungula Kagesi yaseNyakatho China”, eNyakatho neChina I-Electric Power University National Energy Storage Technology Industry-Education Integration Innovation Platform Project Yavunywa ngokusemthethweni futhi yaba iqoqo lokuqala lamakolishi namanyuvesi ukuba “liphethe”.Kamuva, kwasungulwa ngokusemthethweni iNorth China Electric Power University Hydrogen Energy Technology Innovation Center.Isiteji sokusungula kanye nesikhungo sokusungula sigxile ocwaningweni lobuchwepheshe emikhakheni yokugcinwa kwamandla e-electrochemical, amandla e-hydrogen kanye nobuchwepheshe bawo bokusebenzisa kugridi yamandla, futhi sikhuthaze ngentshiseko ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni kazwelonke yamandla e-hydrogen.
Okwesithathu, kuyadingeka ukugqugquzela ukwakhiwa kwethimba labachwepheshe be-hydrogen energy.Izinga lobuchwepheshe kanye nesilinganiso semboni yamandla e-hydrogen kuye kwaqhubeka nokwenza impumelelo. Kodwa-ke, imboni yamandla e-hydrogen ibhekene negebe elikhulu eqenjini lamathalenta, ikakhulukazi ukushoda okukhulu kwamathalente asezingeni eliphezulu.Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ezedlule, “i-Hydrogen Energy Science and Engineering” enkulu eyamenyezelwa yiNorth China Electric Power University yafakwa ngokusemthethweni kuhlu lwabafundi abathole iziqu eziphakeme emakolishi ajwayelekile nasemanyuvesi, futhi isiyalo “se-Hydrogen Energy Science and Engineering” safakwa ku isihloko esisha se-interdisciplinary.Lesi siyalo sizothatha ubunjiniyela bamandla, ubunjiniyela be-thermophysics, ubunjiniyela bamakhemikhali kanye nezinye iziyalo njengokudonsa, ukuhlanganisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen, ukugcinwa kwe-hydrogen kanye nokuhamba, ukuphepha kwe-hydrogen, amandla e-hydrogen kanye nezinye izifundo zemojula ye-hydrogen energy, futhi zenze izifundo eziyisisekelo ze-interdisciplinary kanye ucwaningo olusetshenzisiwe. Izohlinzeka ngokusekela okuhle kwethalente ukuze kufezeke uguquko oluphephile lwesakhiwo samandla sezwe lami, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yezwe lami yamandla e-hydrogen kanye nemboni yamandla.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-16-2022