1. Ukuhlelwa kweenjini zeDC
1. Brushless DC motor:
I-brushless DC motor kukutshintshisa i-stator kunye ne-rotor yemoto eqhelekileyo ye-DC.I-rotor yayo yimagnethi esisigxina ukuvelisa i-air-gap flux: i-stator yi-armature kwaye iqulethe i-multi-phase windings.Kwisakhiwo, iyafana nemagnethi esisigxina ye-synchronous motor.Ubume be-brushless DC motor stator iyafana naleyo yemoto ye-synchronous eqhelekileyo okanye i-induction motor. I-multi-phase windings (isigaba sesithathu, isigaba sesine, isigaba sesihlanu, njl.) ifakwe kwintsimbi yentsimbi. I-windings inokudibaniswa inkwenkwezi okanye i-delta, kwaye idibaniswe kunye Iityhubhu zamandla ze-inverter zixhunyiwe ngokutshintsha okufanelekileyo.I-rotor ubukhulu becala isebenzisa izinto zomhlaba ezinqabileyo ezinamandla amakhulu okunyanzeliswa kunye nokuxinana okuphezulu kwe-remanence efana ne-samarium cobalt okanye i-neodymium iron boron. Ngenxa yezikhundla ezahlukeneyo zemathiriyeli kazibuthe kwiipali zemagnethi, inokohlulwa ibe ziipali zemagnethi ezingaphezulu, iipali zemagnethi ezifakwe ngaphakathi kunye neepali zemagnethi.Kuba umzimba wemoto iyimoto umazibuthe esisigxina, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukubiza i-brushless DC motor ekwabizwa ngokuba yimagnethi esisigxina ye-DC motor.
Iinjini ze-Brushless DC ziphuhliswa kwiminyaka yakutshanje kunye nophuhliso lobuchwepheshe be-microprocessor kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla amatsha e-elektronikiizixhobo ezine-frequency ephezulu yokutshintsha kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi, kunye nokulungiswa kweendlela zokulawula kunye nokuvela kweendleko eziphantsi, izinto ezisisigxina zemagnethi ezisisigxina. Kuphuhliswe uhlobo olutsha lwenjini yeDC.
Iinjini ze-Brushless ze-DC azigcini nje ngokugcina isantya esilungileyo solawulo lweemoto zemveli ze-DC, kodwa zikwanazo iingenelo zokungabikho konxibelelwano olutyibilikayo kunye neentlantsi zokutshintsha, ukuthembeka okuphezulu, ubomi benkonzo ende kunye nengxolo ephantsi, ngoko ke zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi-aerospace, izixhobo zomatshini we-CNC. , iirobhothi, izithuthi zombane, njl.
Ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo zobonelelo lwamandla, iinjini ze-brushless ze-DC zinokwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezimbini: i-square wave brushless motors ze-DC, ezine-wave wave ye-EMF yangasemva kunye nonikezelo lwamaza akhoyo omabini amaza anoxande, awaziwa ngokuba ngamaza oxande osisigxina iimotor synchronous; Imoto ye-DC ebrashisiweyo, i-EMF waveform yangasemva kunye nokubonelela ngemo yamaza yangoku omabini ngamaza anesine.
2. Ibrashi yemoto yeDC
(1) Umazibuthe osisigxina DC motor
Umazibuthe osisigxina icandelo lemoto ye-DC: Imagnethi yomhlaba esisigxina ye-DC enqabileyo yomhlaba, imagnethi esisigxina ye-DC motor kunye ne-alnico umazibuthe osisigxina we-DC motor.
① Imagnethi yomhlaba esisigxina ye-DC: Incinci ngobungakanani kwaye ingcono ekusebenzeni, kodwa iyabiza, isetyenziswa ikakhulu kwi-aerospace, iikhompyuter, izixhobo ezisezantsi, njl.
② Imagnethi esisigxina ye-DC motor ye-Ferrite: Umzimba we-magnetic pole owenziwe ngezinto ze-ferrite unexabiso eliphantsi kwaye usebenza kakuhle, kwaye usetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizixhobo zasekhaya, iimoto, iithoyi, izixhobo zombane kunye nezinye iindawo.
③ I-Alnico esisigxina umazibuthe imoto ye-DC: Ifuna ukusebenzisa iintsimbi ezininzi ezixabisekileyo, kwaye ixabiso liphezulu, kodwa likwazi ukuziqhelanisa nobushushu obuphezulu. Isetyenziswa kwiimeko apho ubushushu be-ambient buphezulu okanye ukuzinza kobushushu bemoto kufuneka.
(2) I-electromagnetic DC motor.
Electromagnetic DC motor division: Uthotho oluchulumancisayo motor DC, shunt onwabile DC motor, ngokwahlukeneyo imincili DC motor kunye ikhompompani imincili DC motor.
① Uchungechunge oluchulumancisayo lwemoto ye-DC: Yangoku iqhagamshelwe kuthotho, ishunted, kwaye i-winding field iqhagamshelwe kuthotho kunye ne-armature, ngoko ke amandla kazibuthe kule moto atshintsha kakhulu ngotshintsho lwe-armature yangoku.Ukuze ungabangeli ilahleko enkulu kunye nokuhla kwamandla ombane kwi-excitation winding, encinci ukuchasana kwe-excitation winding, kungcono, ngoko ke i-DC series evuselela i-motor idla inxeba ngocingo olunzima, kwaye inani layo lokujika lingaphantsi.
② Shunt eyonwabileyo yemoto ye-DC: Indawo ejikajikayo ye-shunt echulumancisayo imoto ye-DC idityaniswe ngokunxuseneyo ne-arature winding. Njengojenereyitha we-shunt, i-terminal voltage esuka kwi-motor ngokwayo inika amandla kwi-winding field; njengemoto yeshunt, intsimi ejikajikayo Ukwabelana ngobonelelo lwamandla olufanayonge-armature, iyafana nemoto ye-DC evuyayo ngokwahlukileyo ngokwemigaqo yokusebenza.
③ I-motor ye-DC eyonwabileyo ngokwahlukileyo: I-motor ye-DC ayinamdibaniso wombane kunye ne-armature, kwaye isiphaluka sentsimi sinikezelwa ngomnye umbane we-DC.I-field current ngoko ke ayichatshazelwa yi-armature terminal voltage okanye i-armature current.
④ I-Compound-excited DC motor: I-compound-excited DC motor inee-winding ezimbini zokuvuselela, i-shunt excitation kunye ne-series excitation. Ukuba i-magnetomotive force eveliswa luchungechunge lwe-excitation winding ikwicala elinye njengamandla emagnetomotive eveliswa yi-shunt excitation winding, ibizwa ngokuba yi-excitation compound yemveliso.Ukuba izalathiso zamandla amabini emagnetomotive zichasene, oko kubizwa ngokuba yi-excitation edityanisiweyo edibeneyo.
2. Umgaqo wokusebenza we-DC motor
Kukho imagnethi emile okwesangqa esisigxina ngaphakathi kwimoto yeDC, kwaye yangoku idlula kwikhoyili kwirotor ukuvelisa amandla e-ampere. Xa i-coil kwi-rotor ihambelana nentsimi yamagnetic, isalathiso se-magnetic field siya kutshintsha xa siqhubeka sijikeleza, ngoko ke ibrashi ekupheleni kwe-rotor iya kutshintsha. yangoku kwikhoyili nayo iyatshintsha, kwaye isalathiso samandla e-Lorentz enziweyo ahlalanga angatshintshi, ukuze injini iqhubeke ijikeleza kwicala elinye.
Umgaqo osebenzayo we-DC generator kukuguqula i-AC electromotive force eyenzelwe kwikhoyili ye-armature ibe yi-DC electromotive force xa ikhutshwe kwi-brush ekupheleni ngu-commutator kunye nesiphumo sokuguqulwa kwebrashi.
Isalathiso samandla e-electromotive eshukunyiswayo simiselwa ngokomthetho wesandla sasekunene (umgca wemagnethi ukhomba entendeni yesandla, ubhontsi ukhomba kwicala lentshukumo ye-conductor, kwaye icala leminye iminwe emine licala lokuya kwicala lentshukumo ye-conductor. isalathiso samandla e-electromotive induced kwi-conductor).
Ulwalathiso lwamandla asebenzayo kumqhubi lunqunywe ngumthetho wesandla sasekhohlo.Esi sibini samandla ombane senza itorque esebenza kwi-armature. Le torque ibizwa ngokuba yi-electromagnetic torque kumatshini wombane ojikelezayo. Isalathiso se-torque sichasene ne-clockwise, izama ukwenza i-armature ijikeleze i-clockwise.Ukuba le torque ye-electromagnetic inokoyisa itorque yokuchasa kwi-armature (efana netorque yokumelana ebangelwa kukukhuhlana kunye nezinye iitorque zomthwalo), i-armature inokujikeleza ngokuchasene newotshi.
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-18-2023