NgoLwesihlanu (nge-12 ka-Agasti), ixesha lasekhaya, iSebe lezoRhwebo lase-US kwi-Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) lidize kwi-Federal Register umgaqo omtsha wexeshana wokugqibela kwizithintelo zokuthumela ngaphandle ezithintela.uyilo lwe-GAAFET (i-Full Gate Field Effect Transistor). ) Isoftware ye-EDA/ECAD eyimfuneko kwiisekethe ezidityanisiweyo; izixhobo ze-semiconductor ze-ultra-wide bandgap ezimelwe yidayimane kunye ne-gallium oxide; iiteknoloji ezine ezifana nokutshiswa koxinzelelo loxinzelelo (PGC) ezisetyenziselwa iinjini ze-injini ye-gas ukuphumeza ulawulo olutsha lokuthumela ngaphandle, umhla osebenzayo wokuvinjelwa namhlanje (ngo-Agasti 15).
Phakathi kwezobuchwepheshe ezine, i-EDA yeyona nto itsala amehlo, etolikwa yimarike njengezithintelo ezongezelelweyo kwishishini le-chip yaseChina yi-United States emva koMthetho we-Chip kunye neSayensi, ochaphazela ngokuthe ngqo iinkampani zasekhaya eziyila i-3nm kunye nokuhamba phambili. iimveliso zetshiphu.Nangona kunjalo, uyilo lwe-3-nanometer alufane lusetyenziswe e-China okwangoku, kwaye impembelelo yayo yexesha elifutshane ilinganiselwe.
Ukongeza kwinkqubo ye-3nm, i-800V yokutshaja ngokukhawuleza inokuchaphazeleka
I-EDA (i-Electronics Design Automation) yi-electronic design automation, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kunye neyona nto ibalulekileyo yoyilo lwe-chip IC (isekethe edibeneyo). Ikwishishini elinyukayo lokwenziwa kweetshiphu, eliquka zonke iinkqubo ezinjengoyilo oludityanisiweyo lwesekethe, iingcingo, ukuqinisekiswa kunye nokulinganisa.I-EDA ibizwa ngokuba "ngumama weetshiphusi" kwishishini.
Ingxelo yoPhando lwaMazwe ngaMazwe e-Tianfeng yabonisa ukuba ukuba ukuveliswa kwe-chip kuthelekiswa nokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo, i-IC yoyilo ngumzobo woyilo, kunye nesofthiwe ye-EDA sisixhobo sokuyila imizobo, kodwa isofthiwe ye-EDA inzima kakhulu kune-software yoyilo lwezakhiwo.
I-ECAD (i-Electronic Computer Aided Design software) inobubanzi obubanzi kune-EDA, kwaye ukuvalwa kuthetha ukuba yonke isoftware enxulumeneyo igutyungelwe.Ngokutsho kweSebe lezoRhwebo lase-US, i-ECAD yiklasi yezixhobo zesoftware ezisetyenziselwa ukuyila, ukuhlalutya, ukunyusa nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwesekethe edibeneyo okanye ibhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo.Isetyenziselwa ukuyila iisekethe ezidityanisiweyo ezidibeneyo kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zomkhosi, i-aerospace, kunye namashishini okhuselo.
Itekhnoloji ye-GAAFET ye-transistor yitekhnoloji ephucuke ngakumbi xa kuthelekiswa ne-FinFET transistors (i-fin field effect transistors), itekhnoloji ye-FinFET inokufikelela kwiinanometers ezi-3, ngelixa i-GAAFET inokufikelela kwi-nanometers ezi-2.
Olu lulawulo lwesithathu lokuthumela ngaphandle oluqaliswe yi-United States ngokuchasene ne-China kummandla we-EDA.Eyokuqala yayichasene ne-ZTE ngo-2018 kwaye eyesibini yayichasene neHuawei ngo-2019.Ukongeza kwizinto zombane zabathengi ezinjengeefowuni eziphathwayo ze-Apple kunye neekhompyuter, iitshiphusi ezisebenzisa eyona nkqubo iphambili yokwenziwa kwimarike zizo zonke iitshiphusi ezinamandla amakhulu ekhompyuter, njenge-GPUs ezisetyenziselwa ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa, kunye neetshiphusi zeseva ezisetyenziswa kumaziko edatha kunye necomputing yamafu. .
Abanye abaqulunqi be-chip bathi impembelelo yexesha elifutshane yale ndlela yokulawula ilinganiselwe, kuba i-3-nanometer yoyilo ayifane isetyenziswe e-China. Ezinye iitshiphusi ze-AI kunye neetshiphusi ze-GPU zisebenzisa i-7-nanometers, ngelixa ii-TV, iibhokisi ezibekwe phezulu, kunye ne-automotive-grade chips ubukhulu becala ziyi-28 nm. nanometer okanye 16 nanometer.Abanye ababukeli beshishini bakholelwa ukuba i-United States ifuna ukwenza ilizwe laseTshayina lingabinazixhobo zokuyila iitshiphusi eziphezulu ze-nanometers ezi-3 nangaphantsi, kwaye uyilo lunamathele kwii-nanometers ezi-5, kwaye imveliso ibambelele kwi-nanometers ezi-7.Emva koko, umgama phakathi kweTshayina kunye ne-United States kwi-high-speed computing, i-AI yokwenziwa, njl njl.
Ngokombono womntu we-chip, esona sizathu sokuba i-United States icinezele i-EDA kukulawula umthamo wokuvelisa iitshiphusi zasekhaya.
Ukongeza kwi-software ye-EDA ngeli xesha, izinto ezimbini ze-semiconductor nazo zibandakanyeka: i-gallium oxide (Ga2O3) kunye ne-diamond substrates, zombini ziyi-ultra-wide bandgap semiconductor materials.Ezo zixhobo kulindeleke ukuba zisebenze phantsi kweemeko ezinzima, ezinje ngevolthi ephezulu okanye amaqondo obushushu aphezulu.
Ezi zixhobo zisaphuhliswa kwaye azizange zenziwe kwimizi-mveliso kwizinga elikhulu, kwaye iteknoloji igxile kakhulu eJapan nase-United States.Nangona kunjalo, iichips ezenziwe ngezi zixhobo ziya kulungeleka ngakumbi kwiindawo ezininzi zemizi-mveliso ezifana namandla amatsha, ukugcinwa kwamandla egridi, unxibelelwano, njl.
Ukuthatha izithuthi zamandla amatsha njengomzekelo, okwangoku, iinkampani zezithuthi zamandla amatsha ezifana ne-Xiaopeng Motors, i-BYD, i-Li Auto, kunye ne-BAIC Jihu sele zisebenzise i-800V iteknoloji yokutshaja ngokukhawuleza, kwaye iya kuveliswa ngobuninzi kulo nyaka.Izixhobo zamandla ezenziwe ngezinto ze-gallium oxide zinokusetyenziswa kobu buchwepheshe bokutshaja ngokukhawuleza.
Ithuba le-EDA lasekhaya "lokuphumelela".
"Ukuba uyila imveliso ye-5-nanometer chip kwaye usebenzise isoftware ye-EDA ephezulu yehlabathi, iindleko zinokulawulwa malunga ne-40 yezigidi zeedola zaseMelika, kodwa ngaphandle kwenkxaso yesoftware ye-EDA, iindleko zokuyila i-5-nanometer chip inokuba phezulu. I-7.7 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zaseMelika. Idola yaseMelika isondele kumsantsa wamaxesha amalunga nama-200.” Umntu ofanelekileyo ophethe iCAD yasekhaya (uyilo oluncediswa yikhompyutha) inkampani yesoftware ubale iakhawunti.
Okwangoku, intengiso yehlabathi jikelele yoshishino lwe-EDA iphezulu. Izigebenga ezintathu ze-EDA ii-Synopsy (i-Synopsy), i-Cadence (i-Kedence Electronics), kunye ne-Mentor Graphics (i-Mentor International, efunyenwe yi-Siemens e-Jamani ngo-2016) ibambe ngokuqinileyo ngaphezu kwe-70% yemarike yehlabathi. isabelo semarike, kwaye inokubonelela ngezixhobo ezipheleleyo ze-EDA, ezigubungela yonke inkqubo okanye uninzi lwenkqubo yoyilo oludibeneyo lwesekethe kunye nokuveliswa.
Iinkampani ezintathu zineempawu zazo kwiimveliso, kwaye ugxininiso kunye neenzuzo ze-IP (ipropathi yengqondo) zahluke kakhulu. Iimveliso zabo zinesabelo semarike ye-85% e-China.Itekhnoloji yenkqubo yolwakhiwo ye-3-nanometer ye-GAAFET ethe i-Samsung isandula ukuyiqhekeza ngoJuni kulo nyaka yagqitywa ngoncedo lwe-Synopsys ne-Cadence.
Iinkampani zesibini zimelwe yi-ANSYS, uSilvaco, i-Aldec Inc, i-Huada Jiutian, njl. Zinenkqubo yonke kwiinkalo ezithile kwaye zihamba phambili ngakumbi kwi-teknoloji kwiindawo zendawo.Iinkampani kwi-echelon yesithathu ziquka i-Altium, i-Concept Engineering, i-Electronics Introduction, i-Guangliwei, i-Sierxin, i-DownStream Technologies, njl njl. Uyilo lwe-EDA lusekelwe ikakhulu kwizixhobo zengongoma, kwaye kukho ukungabikho kwemveliso epheleleyo kwiinkalo ezithile.
Uninzi lweenkampani zoyilo lwetshiphu zasekhaya zisasebenzisa isoftware yemveliso ye-EDA yokuyila iitshiphusi. Kwi-1993, u-Huada Jiutian wakhupha i-software yokuqala ye-EDA yasekhaya - inkqubo ye-Panda ICCAD, eyafumana impumelelo kwi-EDA yasekhaya ukusuka kwi-0 ukuya kwi-1.Ngo-2020, kwimakethi ye-EDA yaseTshayina, ngokomlinganiselo wengeniso, u-Huada Jiutian ubekwe kwindawo yesine.
NgoJulayi 29, u-Huada Jiutian wafika ngokusemthethweni kwiMarike yoShishino lokuKhula, ngokunyuka kwe-126% ngosuku lokuqala loluhlu, kwaye ixabiso layo lemarike lidlula i-yuan ye-40 yeebhiliyoni.U-Huada Jiutian uthe kwi-prospectus ukuba uninzi lwemveliso yesekethe yedijithali ye-EDA inokuxhasa inkqubo ye-5-nanometer; I-Gelun Electronics ichazwe kwingxelo yayo yonyaka ukuba ezinye izixhobo zinokuxhasa i-7-nanometer, i-5-nanometer, kunye ne-3-nanometer iinkqubo.
Ingeniso ye-Huada Jiutian ngo-2021 yi-580 yezigidi zeeyuan, kwaye ingeniso ye-Gailun Electronics ingaphantsi kwe-200 yezigidi zeeyuan.INombolo yoku-1 yeeSinopsy yehlabathi inengeniso emalunga ne-26 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan kunye nenzuzo engaphezulu kwe-5 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan.
INgxelo yoPhando lwaMazwe ngaMazwe ye-Tianfeng ibonise ukuba ukufakwa kwasekhaya kuyafuneka. Kukho malunga nama-40 amacandelo angaphantsi kwikhonkco lesixhobo se-EDA. Ezi zigebenga zithathu ziphumelele ukugubungela lonke ikhonkco loshishino, ngelixa inkokeli yasekhaya u-Huada Jiutian ngoku inomlinganiselo wokugubungela malunga nama-40%. Abanye Iimveliso zasekhaya abavelisi be-EDA ubukhulu becala zizixhobo zamanqaku.
Ngokwezibalo, kukho malunga ne-100 iinkampani zokuyila izixhobo e-China.I-EDA yahlulwe kwizixhobo zoyilo lwe-analog chip kunye nezixhobo zoyilo lwe-digital chip.Ezinye iinkampani zasekhaya ziye zasombulula yonke inkqubo yokuyila i-analog chips.Izixhobo zokuyila iitshiphusi zedijithali zinzima ngakumbi. Malunga ne-120 "izixhobo zamanqaku" zibandakanyeka kwinkqubo yokuyila, kwaye uphando kunye nophuhliso lwenziwa kwisixhobo ngasinye samanqaku.
Kukho imbono yokuba i-containment ye-United States, indlela yodwa yokuphucula umgangatho we-software ye-EDA yasekhaya kukuphucula ngokukhawuleza inqanaba le-software yasekhaya ye-EDA, kunye namashishini asekhaya kufuneka amanyane, kwaye iHuawei HiSilicon kunye neeyunivesithi zasekhaya kufuneka zithathe inxaxheba. ekwenzeni umanyano lophuhliso oludibeneyo.Ngokunyuka kwemfuno yeetshiphusi zasekhaya, i-EDA yasekhaya ayikho ngaphandle kwamathuba kwimarike yomthengi.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-15-2022