Abantu abathanda iimoto bebesoloko benenzondelelo yempambano malunga neenjini, kodwa ukufakelwa kombane akuyeki, kwaye abanye abantu oovimba bolwazi banokufuna ukuhlaziywa.
Eyona nto ixhaphakileyo namhlanje yi-four-stroke cycle injini, ekwangumthombo wamandla kwiimoto ezininzi ezinepetroli.Ngokufana ne-four-stroke, i-two-stroke kunye ne-Wankel rotor iinjini zeenjini zokutsha zangaphakathi, iimoto zombane zemoto ziyakwazi ukwahlula kwii-motor synchronous kunye ne-asynchronous motors ngokomahluko kwii-rotors. Iimotor zeAsynchronous zikwabizwa ngokuba ziimotor induction, ngelixa iimotor synchronous ziqulethe iimagnethi ezisisigxina. kwaye yangoku ukonwabisa injini.
Stator kunye neRotor
Zonke iintlobo zeemoto zombane zemoto zibandakanya iinxalenye ezimbini eziphambili: i-stator kunye ne-rotor.
Stator▼
Istator yinxalenye yemoto ehlala imile kwaye yindlu esisigxina yemoto, exhonywe kwi-chassis njengebhloko yenjini.I-rotor yiyona kuphela inxalenye ehambayo ye-motor, efana ne-crankshaft, ethumela i-torque ngaphandle kokudluliselwa kunye nokwahlula.
I-stator yenziwe ngamacandelo amathathu: i-stator core, i-stator winding kunye nesakhelo.Iigrooves ezininzi ezihambelanayo kumzimba we-stator zizaliswe ngama-winding obhedu adibeneyo.
Ezi windings iqulathe hairpin ecocekileyo ufakelo ubhedu okwandisa slot ukugcwalisa ukuxinana kunye ngqo ngocingo-to-ingcingo contact.Ii-winding ezixineneyo zonyusa umthamo wetorque, ngelixa iziphelo zigxadazela ngokucocekileyo, zinciphisa isambuku sepakethe encinci iyonke.
Istator kunye nerotor▼
Umsebenzi oyintloko we-stator kukuvelisa intsimi yamagnetic ejikelezayo (RMF), ngelixa umsebenzi oyintloko we-rotor kufuneka unqunywe yimigca yamandla omagnetic kwintsimi yamagnetic ejikelezayo ukuvelisa (imveliso) yangoku.
I-motor isebenzisa i-alternating-phase ye-alternating current ukuseta indawo ejikelezayo, kwaye i-frequency yayo kunye namandla alawulwa ngamandla ombane aphendule kwi-accelerator.Iibhetri zizixhobo zangoku ngokuthe ngqo (DC), ngoko ke amandla ombane wesithuthi sombane aquka inverter ye-DC-AC enika i-stator nge-AC yangoku efunekayo ukudala i-variable variable ejikeleza umhlaba.
Kodwa kufanelekile ukukhomba ukuba ezi motors zikwazijenereyitha, oku kuthetha ukuba amavili aya kubuyisela umva i-rotor ngaphakathi kwi-stator, ekhuthaza umhlaba ojikelezayo wemagnethi kwelinye icala, ukuthumela amandla emva ebhetrini ngesiguquli se-AC-DC.
Le nkqubo, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-regenerative braking, idala ukutsala kunye nokucothisa isithuthi.Uhlaziyo lungundoqo kungekuphela nje ekwandiseni uluhlu lwezithuthi zombane, kodwa kunye neehybrids ezisebenza kakuhle, njengoko uhlaziyo olubanzi luphucula uqoqosho lwamafutha.Kodwa kwihlabathi lokwenyani, ukwenziwa ngokutsha akuphumelelanga “njengokuqengqeleka kwemoto,” okunqanda ukulahleka kwamandla.
Uninzi lwee-EVs zixhomekeke kwisantya esisodwa sokucothisa ukujikeleza phakathi kwemoto kunye namavili.Njengeenjini zokutsha zangaphakathi, iinjini zombane zisebenza kakhulu kwi-rpm ephantsi kunye nomthwalo ophezulu.
Ngelixa i-EV inokufumana uluhlu olundilisekileyo ngegiya enye, ii-pickup ezinzima kunye neeSUVs zisebenzisa i-multi-speed transmissions ukwandisa uluhlu ngesantya esiphezulu.
Ii-EV ze-Multi-gear aziqhelekanga, kwaye namhlanje, kuphela i-Audi e-tron GT kunye ne-Porsche Taycan zisebenzisa ukuhanjiswa kwe-speed-speed.
Iintlobo ezintathu zeeMoto
Uzalwe ngenkulungwane ye-19, i-rotor ye-motor induction inemigangatho emide okanye imicu yezinto eziqhubayo, ezidla ngokuba lubhedu kwaye ngamanye amaxesha i-aluminium.Intsimi yemagnethi ejikelezayo ye-stator yenza umsinga kula maphepha, nto leyo eyenza intsimi ye-electromagnetic (EMF) eqala ukujikeleza ngaphakathi kwendawo yemagnethi ejikelezayo ye-stator.
Iimotor ze-induction zibizwa ngokuba zii-asynchronous motors kuba intsimi ye-electromagnetic eyenzelwe kunye netorque ejikelezayo inokuveliswa kuphela xa isantya serotor sishiyeka ngasemva kwendawo enemagnethi ejikelezayo.Ezi ntlobo zeenjini zixhaphakile ngenxa yokuba azifuni iimagnethi ezinqabileyo zomhlaba kwaye zingabizi kakhulu ukuvelisa.Kodwa abanako ukukhupha ubushushu kwimithwalo ephezulu ezinzileyo, kwaye ngokwendalo abasebenzi kakuhle kwizantya eziphantsi.
Injini yemagnethi esisigxina, njengoko igama libonisa, i-rotor yayo inemagnetism yayo kwaye ayifuni amandla okwenza intsimi yamagnetic ye-rotor.Zisebenza kakuhle kwizantya eziphantsi.I-rotor enjalo iphinda ijikeleze ngokuhambelanayo kunye nentsimi yamagnetic ejikelezayo ye-stator, ngoko ibizwa ngokuba yi-synchronous motor.
Nangona kunjalo, ukusonga i-rotor ngemagnethi kuneengxaki zayo.Okokuqala, oku kufuna iimagnethi ezinkulu, kwaye kunye nobunzima obongezelelweyo, kunokuba nzima ukugcina ukuvumelanisa ngesantya esiphezulu.Kodwa ingxaki enkulu yinto ebizwa ngokuba yi-high-speed "back EMF," eyandisa ukutsalwa, ukunciphisa amandla aphezulu, kwaye ivelise ubushushu obugqithisileyo obunokonakalisa imagnethi.
Ukusombulula le ngxaki, uninzi lweemoto zombane zemagnethi ezisisigxina zinemagnethi yangaphakathi esisigxina (IPMs) etyibilika ngababini kwiigrooves ezinobume belongitudinal V, ezicwangciswe kwiilobe ezininzi phantsi komgangatho wentsimbi yerotor.
I-V-groove igcina imagnethi esisigxina ikhuselekile kwisantya esiphezulu, kodwa idala i-torque yokungafuni phakathi kweemagnethi.Iimagnethi zitsalwa okanye zigxothwe zezinye iimagnethi, kodwa ukungafuni okuqhelekileyo, kutsalela i-lobes ye-rotor yentsimbi kwintsimi yamagnetic ejikelezayo.
Iimagnethi ezisisigxina ziza kudlala ngesantya esiphantsi, ngelixa i-torque yokungafuni ithatha isantya esiphezulu.I-Prius isetyenziswe kwesi sakhiwo.
Uhlobo lokugqibela lwemoto yangoku-uchulumanco lusanda kubonakala kwizithuthi zombane. Zombini ezi zingasentla ziimotor ezingena-brushless. Ubulumko obuqhelekileyo bubambe ukuba ii-brushless motors kuphela kwendlela esebenzayo kwizithuthi zombane.Kwaye i-BMW isandula ukuchasana nesiqhelo kwaye yafakela iimotor ezixutyiweyo zangoku-ezichulumancisayo ze-AC kwiimodeli ezintsha ze-i4 kunye ne-iX.
I-rotor yolu hlobo lwemoto inxibelelana nendawo ejikelezayo yemagnethi yestator, kanye njenge-rotor yemagnethi esisigxina, kodwa endaweni yokuba nemagnethi esisigxina, isebenzisa iilobe zobhedu ezintandathu ezibanzi ezisebenzisa amandla asuka kwibhetri yeDC ukwenza intsimi ye-electromagnetic eyimfuneko. .
Oku kufuna amakhonkco e-slip kunye neebrashi zasentwasahlobo ukuba zifakwe kwi-rotor shaft, ngoko abanye abantu bayesaba ukuba iibrashi ziya kunxiba kwaye ziqokelele uthuli kwaye ziyeke le ndlela.Ngelixa uluhlu lwebrashi luvalwe kwindawo evalelekileyo kunye nesigqubuthelo esisuswayo, kuya kuhlala kubonakala ukuba ukunxitywa kwebrashi ngumba.
Ukungabikho kweemagnethi ezisisigxina kuthintela ukunyuka kweendleko zomhlaba ezinqabileyo kunye neempembelelo zokusingqongileyo zemigodi.Esi sisombululo senza ukuba kube lula ukuguquguquka kwamandla ombane we-rotor, ngaloo ndlela uvumela ukwenziwa ngcono.Sekunjalo, ukunika amandla i-rotor kusadla amandla athile, okwenza ezi njini zingasebenzi kakuhle, ngakumbi kwizantya eziphantsi, apho amandla afunekayo ukwenza i-magnetic field ngumlinganiselo omkhulu wokusetyenziswa okupheleleyo.
Kwimbali emfutshane yezithuthi zombane, iimotor ze-AC synchronous zangoku zintsha, kwaye kusekho indawo eninzi yeengcamango ezintsha zokuphuhlisa, kwaye kukho iindawo zokuguqula ezinkulu, ezifana nokuhamba kukaTesla ukusuka kwiingcamango ze-motor induction ukuya kwisigxina. iimagnethi motor synchronous.Kwaye singaphantsi kweshumi leminyaka kwixesha le-EV yangoku, kwaye siyaqala.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jan-21-2023