Kutshanje, ingxelo yeCCTV “yokutshaja iyure enye nokufola iiyure ezine” iye yavusa iingxoxo ezishushu. Ubomi bebhetri kunye nemiba yokutshaja kwezithuthi zamandla amatsha kwakhona ibe ngumba oshushu kuye wonke umntu. Okwangoku, xa kuthelekiswa neebhetri zelithium zemveli, iibhetri zelithium eziqinileyongokhuseleko oluphezulu, ukuxinana kwamandla amakhulu, ubomi obude bebhetri, kunye nemimandla yesicelo ebanzikuqwalaselwa ngokubanzi ngabangaphakathi kwishishini njengesikhokelo sophuhliso lwexesha elizayo lweebhetri ze-lithium. Iinkampani zikwakhuphisana ngoyilo.
Nangona ibhetri ye-lithium eqinile ayinakuthengiswa kwixesha elifutshane, inkqubo yophando kunye nophuhliso lwetekhnoloji yebhethri ye-lithium eqinile ziinkampani ezinkulu sele ikhula ngokukhawuleza nangokukhawuleza mva nje, kwaye imfuno yentengiso inokukhuthaza ukuveliswa kobuninzi bokuqina- chaza ibhetri ye-lithium ngaphambi kweshedyuli.Eli nqaku liza kuhlalutya uphuhliso lwemarike yebhetri ye-lithium yelizwe kunye nenkqubo yokulungiselela iibhetri ze-lithium zelizwe, kwaye ithathe ukuba uhlolisise amathuba okuthengisa okuzenzekelayo akhoyo.
Iibhetri ze-lithium ezikwimeko eqinileyo zinamandla angcono kakhulu kunye nokuzinza kwe-thermal kuneebhetri ze-lithium zolwelo.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukuveliswa okuqhubekayo kwintsimi yesicelo esezantsi kuye kwabeka phambili iimfuno eziphezulu neziphezulu kushishino lwebhetri ye-lithium, kwaye iteknoloji yebhetri ye-lithium nayo iphuculwe ngokuqhubekayo, isiya kumandla athile aphezulu kunye nokhuseleko.Ukusuka kumbono wendlela yophuhliso ye-lithium iteknoloji yebhetri, ubuninzi bamandla obunokuthi iibhetri ze-lithium zifikelele ngokuthe ngcembe, kwaye ibhetri ye-lithium eqinile iya kuba yindlela yodwa yokuphuhliswa kweebhetri ze-lithium.
Ngokutsho kwe-"Technical Roadmap for Energy Saving and New Energy Vehicles", ugxininiso lwamandla ekujoliswe kulo lweebhetri zamandla yi-400Wh / kg ngo-2025 kunye ne-500Wh / kg ngo-2030.Ukuze ufezekise injongo ye-2030, indlela yeteknoloji ye-lithium ye-lithium ekhoyo ingakwazi ukuthwala uxanduva. Kunzima ukwaphula isilingi yoxinano lwamandla eyi-350Wh/kg, kodwa uxinano lwamandla ebhetri ye-lithium yemeko eqinileyo inokugqitha ngokulula kwi-350Wh/kg.
Iqhutywa yimfuno yentengiso, ilizwe likwancamathela ukubaluleka okukhulu kuphuhliso lweebhetri zelithium eziqinileyo."KwiSicwangciso soPhuhliso loShishino lweZithuthi zaMandla oMtsha (2021-2035)" (iDrafti yokuHlola) ekhutshwe ngoDisemba 2019, kucetywa ukuba kuqiniswe uphando kunye nophuhliso kunye noshishino lweebhetri ze-lithium zelizwe eliqinileyo, kunye nokunyusa ibhetri ye-lithium. kwinqanaba likazwelonke, njengoko kubonisiwe kwiThebhile 1.
Itheyibhile 1 Uhlalutyo lokuthelekisa iibhetri zolwelo kunye neebhetri eziqinileyo
Akunjalo kuphela kwizithuthi zamandla amatsha, imboni yokugcina amandla inendawo ebanzi yesicelo
Ukuphenjelelwa kukukhuthazwa kwemigaqo-nkqubo yesizwe, uphuhliso olukhawulezayo lweshishini elitsha lezithuthi zamandla liza kunika indawo ebanzi yophuhliso lweebhetri ze-lithium eziqinileyo.Ukongeza, iibhetri ze-lithium ezizii-solid-state zikwabonwa njengenye yezalathiso zetekhnoloji ezivelayo ekulindeleke ukuba zityhutyhe ibhotile yetekhnoloji yokugcina amandla e-electrochemical kwaye ihlangabezane neemfuno zophuhliso lwexesha elizayo.Ngokumalunga nokugcinwa kwamandla e-electrochemical, iibhetri ze-lithium ngoku zithatha i-80% yokugcina amandla e-electrochemical.Umthamo ofakelweyo wogcino lwamandla e-electrochemical ngo-2020 yi-3269.2MV, ukwanda ngama-91% kunyaka ka-2019. Idityaniswe nezikhokelo zelizwe zophuhliso lwamandla, imfuno yogcino lwamandla e-electrochemical kwicala lomsebenzisi, izibonelelo eziqhagamshelwe kwigridi yamandla avuselelekayo kunye eminye imimandla kulindeleke ukuba izise ukukhula okukhawulezayo, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 1.
Ukuthengiswa kunye nokukhula kwezithuthi zamandla amatsha ukusuka ngoJanuwari ukuya kuSeptemba 2021 Umthamo wokufakwa kunye nesantya sokukhula kweeprojekthi zokugcina amandla ekhemikhali eTshayina ukusuka kwi-2014 ukuya kwi-2020.
Umzobo 1 Ukuthengiswa kunye nokukhula kwezithuthi zamandla amatsha; Umthamo wokufakwa kunye nesantya sokukhula kweeprojekthi zokugcina amandla ekhemikhali eTshayina
Amashishini akhawulezisa inkqubo yophando kunye nophuhliso, kwaye i-China ikhetha ngokubanzi iinkqubo ze-oxide
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, imarike eyinkunzi, iinkampani zebhetri kunye neenkampani ezinkulu zeemoto zonke ziqalisile ukwandisa uyilo lophando lweebhetri ze-lithium eziqinileyo, ngethemba lokulawula ukhuphiswano kwisizukulwana esilandelayo seteknoloji yebhetri yamandla.Nangona kunjalo, ngokwenkqubela phambili yangoku, kuya kuthatha iminyaka emi-5 ukuya kwe-10 ukuze zonke iibhetri ze-lithium zikhule kwisayensi kunye neteknoloji yokuvelisa ngaphambi kokuveliswa kobuninzi.Iinkampani zemoto eziqhelekileyo zamazwe ngamazwe ezifana neToyota, Volkswagen, BMW, Honda, Nissan, Hyundai, njl. ngokweenkampani zebhetri, i-CATL, i-LG Chem, i-Panasonic, i-Samsung SDI, i-BYD, njl.
Iibhetri ze-lithium ezikwilizwe lonke zinokwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezintathu ngokwemathiriyeli ye-electrolyte: iibhetri ze-lithium ze-polymer eziqinileyo, iibhetri ze-lithium ze-sulfide, kunye neebhetri ze-lithium ze-oxide.Ibhetri ye-lithium ye-polymer eqinile inokusebenza kakuhle kokhuseleko, ibhetri ye-lithium ye-sulfide eqinile kulula ukuyiqhuba, kunye ne-oxide ye-lithium ibhetri ye-lithium ine-conductivity ephezulu.Okwangoku, iinkampani zaseYurophu kunye neMelika zikhetha iinkqubo ze-oxide kunye ne-polymer; Iinkampani zaseJapan nezaseKorea ezikhokelwa yiToyota kunye neSamsung zinomdla ngakumbi kwiinkqubo zesulfide; I-China inabaphandi kuzo zontathu iinkqubo, kwaye ngokubanzi bakhetha iinkqubo ze-oxide, njengoko kubonisiwe kwi-Figure 2.
Umzobo 2 Uyilo lwemveliso yeebhetri ze-lithium eziqinileyo zeenkampani zebhetri kunye neenkampani ezinkulu zeemoto
Ngokwembono yophando kunye nenkqubela phambili yophuhliso, iToyota yamkelwa njengomnye wabadlali abanamandla kwicandelo leebhetri zelithium eziqinileyo kumazwe angaphandle. I-Toyota yaqala ukucebisa uphuhliso olufanelekileyo ngo-2008 xa yayisebenzisana ne-Ilika, ibhetri ye-lithium yokuqala-up.NgoJuni ka-2020, iimoto zombane zakwaToyota ezineebhetri ze-lithium eziziimo zonke sele zenze uvavanyo lokuqhuba kwindlela yovavanyo.Ngoku ifikelele kwinqanaba lokufumana idatha yokuqhuba isithuthi.NgoSeptemba ka-2021, iToyota yabhengeza ukuba iya kutyala imali eyi-13.5 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2030 ukuphuhlisa isizukulwana esilandelayo seebhetri kunye neentambo zokubonelela ngebhetri, kubandakanywa neebhetri ze-lithium eziqinileyo.Ngaphakathi, i-Guoxuan Hi-Tech, i-Qingtao yaMandla amatsha, kunye ne-Ganfeng Lithium Industry yaseka imigca yovavanyo yokuvelisa i-semi-solid lithium ibhetri ngo-2019.NgoSeptemba ka-2021, i-Jiangsu Qingtao 368Wh/kg ibhetri yelithium yelizwe eqinileyo iphumelele isiqinisekiso sohlolo esomeleleyo, njengoko kubonisiwe kwiTheyibhile yesi-2.
Itheyibhile 2 Izicwangciso zokuvelisa ibhetri yemeko eqinileyo yamashishini amakhulu
Uhlalutyo lwenkqubo ye-oxide-based solid-state lithium iibhetri, inkqubo yokucinezela eshushu yikhonkco entsha
Itekhnoloji yokucubungula enzima kunye neendleko eziphezulu zokuvelisa zihlala zithintela uphuhliso lwezoshishino lweebhetri ze-lithium eziqinileyo. Utshintsho lwenkqubo yeebhetri ze-lithium eziqinileyo zibonakaliswa ngokukodwa kwinkqubo yokulungiselela iiseli, kwaye i-electrode kunye ne-electrolyte yazo zineemfuno eziphezulu zommandla wokuvelisa, njengoko kuboniswe kwiThebhile 3.
Itheyibhile 3 Uhlalutyo lwenkqubo yeebhetri ze-lithium ezisekelwe kwi-oxide-based solid state
1. Ukuqaliswa kwezixhobo eziqhelekileyo - i-lamination hot press
Intshayelelo yomsebenzi womzekelo: Umshicileli oshushu we-lamination usetyenziswa ikakhulu kwicandelo lenkqubo yokudibanisa zonke iiseli zebhetri ze-lithium eziqinileyo. Xa kuthelekiswa nebhetri ye-lithium yendabuko, inkqubo yokucinezela eshushu yikhonkco entsha, kwaye ikhonkco yenaliti yolwelo ayikho. iimfuno eziphezulu.
Ubumbeko lwemveliso oluzenzekelayo:
• Isikhululo ngasinye kufuneka sisebenzise iimotor ezi-3 ~ 4 ze-axis servo, ezisetyenziselwa ukulanyisa nokuncamathelisa ngokulandelelanayo;
• Sebenzisa i-HMI ukubonisa ubushushu bokufudumala, inkqubo yokufudumala idinga inkqubo yokulawula i-PID, efuna inzwa yokushisa ephezulu kwaye idinga inani elikhulu;
• Umlawuli we-PLC uneemfuno eziphezulu zokuchaneka kolawulo kunye nexesha elifutshane lomjikelo. Kwixesha elizayo, le modeli kufuneka iphuhliswe ukufezekisa i-ultra-high-speed hot-pressing lamination.
Abavelisi bezixhobo baquka: iXi'an Tiger Electromechanical Equipment Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Shenzhen Xuchong Automation Equipment Co., Ltd., Shenzhen Haimuxing Laser Intelligent Equipment Co., Ltd., kunye neShenzhen Bangqi Chuangyuan Technology Co., Ltd.
2. Ukuqaliswa kwezixhobo eziqhelekileyo - umatshini wokuphosa
Intshayelelo yomsebenzi womzekelo: I-slurry ye-powder edibeneyo inikezelwa kwintloko yokuphosa ngesixhobo sokutya okuzenzekelayo, kwaye emva koko isetyenziswe yi-scraper, i-roller, i-micro-concave kunye nezinye iindlela zokugubungela ngokweemfuno zenkqubo, kwaye zomiswe kwi-tunnel yokomisa. I-tape yesiseko kunye nomzimba oluhlaza ingasetyenziselwa ukubuyisela umva. Emva kokumisa, umzimba oluhlaza unokuhlanjululwa kwaye unqunywe, kwaye emva koko usikwe kububanzi obuchazwe ngumsebenzisi ukuphosa into yefilimu engenanto kunye namandla athile kunye nokuguquguquka.
Ubumbeko lwemveliso oluzenzekelayo:
• I-Servo isetyenziselwa ukubuyisela umva kunye nokukhulula, ukulungisa ukutenxa, kwaye isilawuli soxinzelelo siyafuneka ukulungisa uxinzelelo kwindawo yokubuyisela umva kunye nokukhulula;
• Sebenzisa i-HMI ukubonisa ubushushu bokufudumala, inkqubo yokufudumeza ifuna inkqubo yokulawula i-PID;
• Ukuhamba komoya wefeni kufuneka kulawulwe sisiguquli samaza.
Abavelisi bezixhobo baquka: Zhejiang Delong Technology Co., Ltd., Wuhan Kunyuan Casting Technology Co., Ltd., Guangdong Fenghua High-tech Co., Ltd. - Xinbaohua Equipment Branch.
3. Ukuqaliswa kwezixhobo eziqhelekileyo - i-sand mill
Intshayelelo yomsebenzi womzekelo: Yenzelwe ukusetyenziswa kwamaso amancinci okusila, ukusuka kwi-flexible dispersion ukuya kwi-ultra-high-high energy grinding ukuze usebenze ngokufanelekileyo.
Ubumbeko lwemveliso oluzenzekelayo:
• Izixhobo zesanti zineemfuno eziphantsi zolawulo lwentshukumo, ngokuqhelekileyo azisebenzisi ii-servos, kodwa zisebenzisa iimotor eziqhelekileyo eziphantsi kwe-voltage kwinkqubo yokuvelisa isanti;
• Sebenzisa i-frequency converter ukulungelelanisa isantya sokusonta, esinokulawula ukucolwa kwemathiriyeli ngezantya ezahlukeneyo zomgama ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokucoleka ezahlukeneyo zemathiriyeli.
Abavelisi bezixhobo baquka: Wuxi Shaohong Powder Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai Rujia Electromechanical Technology Co., Ltd., kunye neDongguan Nalong Machinery Equipment Co., Ltd.
Ixesha lokuposa: May-18-2022