Yintoni injini esebenza ngamandla? Imoto eqhelekileyo: I-70% ~ 95% yamandla ombane afunthwe yimoto aguqulwa abe ngamandla omatshini (ixabiso lokuphumelela lisisalathisi esibalulekileyo semoto), kwaye i-30% ~ 5% eseleyo yamandla ombane asetyenziswa motor ngokwayo ngenxa yokuvelisa ubushushu, ilahleko koomatshini, njl Ngoko ke le nxalenye yamandla ichithwa. Imoto esebenza ngokufanelekileyo: ibhekisa kwimoto enesantya esiphezulu sokusetyenziswa kwamandla, kwaye ukusebenza kwayo kufuneka kuhambelane neemfuno zomgangatho wokonga amandla. Kwiimoto eziqhelekileyo, yonke i-1% yokwanda kokusebenza kakuhle akuyona into elula, kwaye izinto ziya kunyuka kakhulu. Xa ukusebenza kwemoto kufikelela kwixabiso elithile, kungakhathaliseki ukuba zininzi kangakanani izinto ezongeziweyo, azikwazi ukuphuculwa. Uninzi lweemotor ezisebenza kakuhle kwimarike namhlanje sisizukulwana esitsha senqanaba lesithathu leenjini ze-asynchronous, oku kuthetha ukuba umgaqo osisiseko wokusebenza awukatshintshi. Iimotor ezikumgangatho ophezulu ziphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso ngokunciphisa ilahleko yamandla ombane, amandla obushushu kunye namandla oomatshini ngokwamkela uyilo olutsha lweemoto, itekhnoloji entsha kunye nezinto ezintsha. Xa kuthelekiswa neenjini eziqhelekileyo, umphumo wokonga amandla wokusebenzisa ii-motor ezisebenza kakuhle kakhulu ucace gca. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukusebenza kakuhle kunokunyuswa ngomyinge we-3% ukuya kwi-5%. Kwilizwe lam, ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kweemoto kwahlulahlulwe ngamanqanaba ama-3, apho ukusebenza kwamandla kwinqanaba le-1 liphezulu. Kwizicelo zokwenyani zobunjineli, ngokwesiqhelo, imotor esebenza ngokufanelekileyo ibhekisa kwimoto esebenza ngamandla wayo idibana nomgangatho ogunyazisiweyo wesizwe we-GB 18613-2020 “Imida yokuSebenza koMbane kunye namaBanga okuSebenza koMbane weMoto zoMbane” nangaphezulu kwesalathiso sokusebenza kwamandla kwiNqanaba lesi-2, okanye ibandakanywe kuluhlu “lweeMveliso zoGcino-Amandla eziNcedisa iProjekthi yaBantu” kwikhathalogu” iinjini nazo zinokuthathwa njengezihlangabezana neemfuno zeenjini ezisebenza ngokufanelekileyo. Ngoko ke, umahluko phakathi kweenjini eziphezulu kunye neenjini eziqhelekileyo zibonakaliswa ikakhulu kumanqaku amabini: 1. Ukusebenza kakuhle. Iimotor ezisebenza kakuhle kakhulu zinciphisa ilahleko ngokwamkela amanani afanelekileyo e-stator kunye ne-rotor slot, iiparamitha zefeni, kunye ne-sinusoidal windings. Ukusebenza kakuhle kubhetele kuneenjini eziqhelekileyo. Iimotor ezisebenza kakuhle kakhulu ziphezulu nge-3% kuneenjini eziqhelekileyo ngokomndilili, kwaye iimotor ezisebenza kakhulu ziphantse zibe yi-5% ephezulu kumndilili. . 2. Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla. Xa kuthelekiswa neemoto eziqhelekileyo, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla eenjini ezisebenza kakuhle kakhulu kuncitshiswe malunga ne-20% ngokwe-avareji, ngelixa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla eenjini ezisebenza kakuhle kakhulu kuncitshiswe ngaphezulu kwe-30% xa kuthelekiswa neemoto eziqhelekileyo. Njengesona sixhobo sombane esinowona mbane usetyenziswa kakhulu kwilizwe lam, iimotor zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiimpompo, iifeni, iicompressors, oomatshini bokuhambisa, njl. Kweli nqanaba, inqanaba lokusebenza kweemotor eziphambili ezisebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwimarike yi-IE3, enokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla ngaphezu kwe-3% xa kuthelekiswa neenjini eziqhelekileyo. "ISicwangciso sokuSebenza seCarbon Peaking Phambi ko-2030" esikhutshwe liBhunga likarhulumente sifuna ukuba izixhobo ezisetyenziswa ngamandla ezinje ngeenjini, iifeni, iimpompo, kunye neecompressor zikhuthazwe ukonga amandla kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle, ukukhuthaza iimveliso kunye nezixhobo ezikumgangatho ophezulu neziphezulu. , ukukhawulezisa ukupheliswa kwezixhobo ezibuya ngasemva nezingasebenzi kakuhle, kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemizi-mveliso nokwakha. Izikhululo, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla emaphandleni, umgangatho wokufakelwa kombane wenkqubo kaloliwe. Kwangelo xesha, "iSicwangciso sokuPhuculwa kokuSebenza koMbane weMotor (2021-2023)" ngokudibeneyo ekhutshwe nguMphathiswa wezoShishino kunye neTekhnoloji yoLwazi kunye noLawulo lukaRhulumente loLawulo lweMarike luchaze ngokucacileyo ukuba ngo-2023, imveliso yonyaka yeemotor ezisebenza ngokufanelekileyo kufuneka. ukufikelela 170 million kilowatts. Umlinganiselo kufuneka ube ngaphezu kwama-20%. Ukukhawulezisa ukupheliswa kweemoto ezinomgangatho ophantsi wenkonzo kunye nokukhuthaza ngamandla ukuveliswa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zemoto ezisebenza ngamandla ziindlela ezibalulekileyo zelizwe lam lokufikelela kwincopho yekhabhoni ngo-2030 kunye nokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni ngo-2060.
Uphuhliso olukhawulezayo lweshishini leemoto lelizwe lam kunye nokukhuthaza kunye nokusetyenziswa kokunciphisa ikhabhoni kuzuze iziphumo ezimangalisayo. Ishishini lelizwe lam likhulu ngokwezinga. Ngokwezibalo, imveliso yeemoto zelizwe ngo-2020 iya kuba yi-323 yezigidi zeekilowatts. Amashishini okuvelisa iimoto asasazwa ikakhulu eZhejiang, Jiangsu, Fujian, Shandong, Shanghai, Liaoning, Guangdong naseHenan. Inani lamashishini okuvelisa iimoto kula maphondo asibhozo nezixeko zenza malunga nama-85% yenani lilonke lamashishini okuvelisa iimoto kwilizwe lam.
ukuveliswa kweemoto zelizwe lam kunye nokuthandwa kakhulu kunye nokusetyenziswa kuzuze iziphumo eziphawulekayo. NgokwePhepha leNgcaciso yoMgaqo-nkqubo kwiiProjekthi zokuKhuthaza iiMoto eziSebenza ngokuPhezulu”, ukuveliswa kweenjini ezisebenza ngokufanelekileyo kunye neemotor ezenziwe ngokutsha kwilizwe lam zinyuke ukusuka kwi-20.04 yezigidi zeekilowatts ngo-2017 ukuya kwi-105 yezigidi zeekilowatts ngo-2020, apho isiphumo sokuphumelela okuphezulu. iinjini zinyuke ukusuka kwi-19.2 yezigidi zeekilowathi ukuya kwi-102.7 yezigidi zeekilowatts. Inani labenzi beemoto abasebenzisa amandla aphezulu kunye neemoto ezenziwe ngokutsha linyuke lisuka kuma-355 ngowama-2017 laya kutsho kwi-1,091 ngowama-2020, libalela umlinganiselo wabenzi beemoto ukusuka kwi-13.1% ukuya kuma-40.4%. Unikezelo lweemoto olusebenzayo oluphezulu kunye nenkqubo yentengiso yokuthengisa iya isiba igqibelele ngakumbi. Inani labathengisi kunye nabathengisi liye landa ukusuka kwi-380 kwi-2017 ukuya kwi-1,100 kwi-2020, kwaye umthamo wokuthengisa kwi-2020 uya kufikelela kwi-94 million kilowatts. Inani leenkampani ezisebenzisa iimotor eziphezulu kunye neenjini ezenziwe ngokutsha ziyaqhubeka nokukhula. Inani leenkampani ezisebenzisa ii-motor ezisebenza kakuhle kakhulu linyukile lisuka kuma-69,300 ngo-2017 laya kutsho ngaphezu kwama-94,000 ngo-2020, kwaye inani leenkampani ezisebenzisa iimoto ezenziwe ngokutsha liye landa ukusuka kwi-6,500 ukuya kwi-10,500. .
Ukuthandwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwee-motor-high-efficiency iphumelele iziphumo eziphawulekayo ekugcinweni kwamandla kunye nokunciphisa i-carbon. Ngokutsho koqikelelo, ukusuka kwi-2017 ukuya kwi-2020, ukonga amandla onyaka wokukhuthazwa kweemoto eziphezulu kuya kunyuka ukusuka kwi-2.64 yezigidigidi ze-kWh ukuya kwi-10.7 yezigidigidi ze-kWh, kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla okunyukayo kuya kuba yi-49.2 billion kWh; ukucuthwa minyaka le kokukhutshwa kwekharbon diokside kuya kunyuka ukusuka kwi-2.07 yezigidi zeetoni ukuya kwi-14.9 yezigidi zeetoni. Isimbuku esingaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-30 seetoni zekharbon diokside ekhutshwayo iye yancitshiswa.
ilizwe lam lithatha amanyathelo amaninzi ukukhuthaza ukusebenza kakuhle kweemoto ilizwe lam libona ukubaluleka okukhulu ekuphuculeni amandla ombane kunye nokukhuthazwa kweenjini eziphezulu, likhuphe inani lemigaqo-nkqubo enxulumene neemoto, kwaye liphumeze amanyathelo amaninzi okunyusa ngokweenkcukacha.
▍Ngaphakathiimiqathango yesikhokelo somgaqo-nkqubo,kugxininise ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla eenjini kunye neenkqubo zazo, kunye nokuphelisa iimotor ezisebenza kancinci. Khokela kwaye ukhuthaze amashishini ukuba aphelise iimotor ezisebenza kancinci ngokubeka iliso kugcino lwamandla kwimizi-mveliso, izicwangciso zokuphucula amandla ombane, kunye nokukhutshwa kwe “High Energy Consumption Outdated Electromechanical Equipment (IiMveliso) Ikhathalogu yokuPhelisa”. Ngethuba le "Isicwangciso seminyaka emihlanu ye-13", uhlolo olukhethekileyo lwenziwa kwimveliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kweemveliso eziphambili ezithatha amandla ezifana neemoto kunye neepompo zokuphucula amandla ombane weemoto. Malunga ne-150,000 yeenjini ezingasebenzi kakuhle kakhulu zafunyanwa, kwaye iinkampani zayalelwa ukuba zilungise ngexesha elibekiweyo.
▍Ngaphakathiimiqathango yesikhokelo esisemgangathweni,umgangatho wokonelisa amandla emoto uyanyanzeliswa kunye neleyibhile yokuwonga amandla emoto iphunyeziwe. Ngo-2020, kwakhutshwa umgangatho wesizwe osisinyanzelo “wokuSebenza okuFanelekileyo koMbane kunye nokuFaneka koMbane amaBanga eeMoto zoMbane” (GB 18613-2020), owathatha indawo “yokuSebenza koMbane okuFanelekileyo kunye nokuFaneka koMbane amaBanga amaNcinci naPhakathi- ubukhulu Izigaba ezintathu Asynchronous Motors "(GB 1 8 6 1 3 - 2 0 1 2) kunye "Ukusebenza kwamandla Amaxabiso avumelekileyo kunye neeKlasi zokuSebenza koMbane kwiiMoto eziNcinci" (GB 25958-2010). Ukukhutshwa kunye nokuphunyezwa komgangatho kunyuse umgangatho welizwe lam wokusebenza ngamandla ophantsi kwe-IE2 ukuya kwinqanaba le-IE3, kunyanzelwa abavelisi beemoto ukuba bavelise iinjini ezingaphezulu kwenqanaba le-IE3, kwaye kukhuthaze ngakumbi ukuveliswa kweenjini ezisebenza ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokwanda kwesabelo semarike. Kwangaxeshanye, iimoto ezithengiswayo kufuneka zincanyathiselwe kwiilebhile zamva nje zokonga amandla, ukuze abathengi bakwazi ukuqonda ngokucacileyo inqanaba leemoto ezithengiweyo.
▍ Ngokuphathelele kupapasho kunye nemisebenzi yokwazisa,khupha iikhathalogu zentengiso, uqhube uqeqesho lobugcisa, kwaye uququzelele imisebenzi efana "nokungena kwiinkonzo zokonga amandla kumashishini". Ngokukhutshwa kweebhetshi ezintandathu ze ""Iimveliso zokonga amandla eziNcedisa iProjekthi yaBantu" Ikhathalogu yokuKhuthaza okuPhezulu kweMoto", iibhetshi ezintlanu ze "National Industrial Energy-Saving Technology Catalogue Catalogue", iibhetshi ezilishumi ze ""Energy Efficiency Star" Product. Ikhathalogu ", iibhetshi ezisixhenxe ze "Equipment Equipment Electromechanical (IiMveliso) ezicetyiswayo kwiKhatalogu", icebisa iimotor eziphezulu kunye nezixhobo zokonga amandla kunye neemveliso ezisebenzisa iimotor ezisebenza kakuhle kuluntu, kwaye zikhokela amashishini ukuba asebenzise iimotor ezisebenza ngokufanelekileyo. Kwangaxeshanye, "Ikhathalogu yeMveliso yokuHlaziya" yakhululwa ukukhuthaza ukwenziwa ngokutsha kweenjini ezisebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwiinjini ezisebenza kakuhle kakhulu kunye nokuphucula inqanaba lokuphinda kusetyenziswe izixhobo. Kubasebenzi bolawulo olunxulumene neemoto kunye nabasebenzi bolawulo lwamandla kumashishini asebenzisa amandla angundoqo, ququzelela iiseshini zoqeqesho ezininzi kwiitekhnoloji zokonga amandla emoto. Ngo-2021, i-Ofisi yoMphathiswa wezoShishino kunye neTeknoloji yoLwazi iya kuququzelela iiyunithi ezifanelekileyo ukubamba "iinkonzo zokonga amandla kumashishini" angama-34.
▍Ngaphakathiimiqathango yeenkonzo zobugcisa,ququzelela iibhetshi ezintathu zeenkonzo zokuxilonga ezonga umbane kwimizi-mveliso. Ukusukela ngo-2019 ukuya ekupheleni kuka-2021, i-Ofisi yoMphathiswa wezoShishino kunye neTekhnoloji yoLwazi iququzelele ii-arhente zeenkonzo zomntu wesithathu ukuze kuxilongwe ukonga umbane ukuze zenze uxilongo lokonga umbane kumashishini angama-20,000, kwaye yavavanya inqanaba lokuchaneka kwamandla kunye nokusebenza kokwenyani kwezixhobo zombane eziphambili ezinje. njengeenjini, iifeni, iicompressor zomoya, kunye neempompo. Ukunceda amashishini achonge iimotor ezinomgangatho ophantsi, ukuhlalutya amandla eemotor ezinomgangatho ophezulu wokukhuthaza kunye nokusetyenziswa, kunye nokukhokela amashishini ukuba aqhube ulondolozo lwamandla eemoto.
▍Ngaphakathiimiqathango yenkxaso yemali,iimotor ezisebenza kakuhle kakhulu zibandakanyiwe kumda wokuphunyezwa kweemveliso zokonga umbane ukuze kuxhamle abantu. I-Ofisi yoMphathiswa wezeziMali ibonelela ngenkxaso-mali kwiimveliso zeemoto zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo, amabanga kunye namagunya ngokwamandla alinganisiweyo. Urhulumente oyintloko wabela iimali zenkxaso kubavelisi beemoto abakumgangatho ophezulu, kwaye abavelisi bazithengisela abasebenzisi beemoto, iimpompo zamanzi kunye neefeni ngexabiso lenkxaso-mali. Gqibezela amashishini okuvelisa izixhobo. Nangona kunjalo, ukususela ngoMatshi ka-2017, ukuthengwa kweemveliso zemoto eziphezulu kwikhathalogu "yeemveliso zokonga amandla ezixhamla abantu" azisayi kuphinda zonwabele inkxaso-mali ephakathi. Okwangoku, eminye imimandla enje ngeShanghai iseke iimali ezikhethekileyo zokuxhasa ukunyuswa kweenjini ezisebenza kakuhle.
Ukukhuthazwa kweenjini ezisebenza ngamandla kwilizwe lam kusajongene nemingeni ethile
Nangona ukukhuthazwa kweenjini ezisebenza ngokufanelekileyo kuzuze iziphumo ezithile, xa kuthelekiswa namazwe aphuhlileyo anjengeYurophu kunye ne-United States, ilizwe lam liye lamkela inqanaba le-IE3 njengomda wokusebenzisa amandla eenjini ixesha elifutshane (ukuqala nge-1 kaJuni, 2021), kunye nesabelo semarike yeemotor ezisebenza kakuhle ngaphezulu kwenqanaba le-IE3 Ireyithi iphantsi. Kwangaxeshanye, ukonyusa usetyenziso lweemotor ezisebenza ngokufanelekileyo eTshayina kunye nokukhuthaza iimotor ezisebenza ngokufanelekileyo kusajongene nemingeni emininzi.
Abathengi abakhuthazwa kakhulu ukuba bathenge ii-motor eziphezulu
Ukukhethwa kwee-motor eziphezulu zineenzuzo zexesha elide kubathengi, kodwa kufuna ukuba abathengi banyuse utyalo-mali kwii-asethi ezisisigxina, ezisa uxinzelelo oluthile lwezoqoqosho kubathengi beemoto. Kwangaxeshanye, abanye abathengi abanako ukuqonda ithiyori yomjikelo wobomi bemveliso, banikele ingqalelo kutyalo-mali lwexesha elinye lwemali, musa ukucinga ngeendleko kwinkqubo yokusetyenziswa, kwaye banenkxalabo malunga nokuthembeka komgangatho kunye nokuzinza kokusebenza. yeenjini ezisebenza ngamandla, ke ngoko abafuni ukuthenga iimotor ezisebenza ngokuPhezulu ngamaxabiso aphezulu.
Uphuhliso lweshishini leemoto lusemva kakhulu
Ishishini leemoto lishishini elifuna abasebenzi abaninzi kwaye ligxile kwitekhnoloji. Imarike yeemoto ezinkulu neziphakathi iphezulu kakhulu, ngelixa iimoto ezincinci kunye neziphakathi ziphantsi. Ukusukela ngo-2020, kukho malunga nama-2,700 amashishini okwenza iimoto kwilizwe lam, apho amashishini amancinci naphakathi athatha umlinganiselo ophezulu. La mashishini amancinci naphakathi agxininise ekuvelisweni kweenjini ezincinci kunye nobukhulu obuphakathi kwaye anamandla e-R&D abuthathaka, okukhokelela kumxholo ophantsi wobugcisa kunye nexabiso elongezelelweyo leemveliso eziveliswayo. Ukongeza, ixabiso eliphantsi leenjini eziqhelekileyo libangele ukuba abanye abathengi bakhethe ukuthenga iimoto eziqhelekileyo, okukhokelela ekubeni abanye abavelisi beemoto basavelisa iinjini eziqhelekileyo. Ngo-2020, imveliso yeemotor zelizwe lam ezisebenza kakuhle kakhulu iya kubalelwa kuphela malunga ne-31.8% yesiphumo sisonke seemoto zoshishino.
Zininzi iimoto eziqhelekileyo kwisitokhwe kunye nababoneleli abaninzi
Iimoto eziqhelekileyo zithatha malunga ne-90% yeemoto ezikwinkonzo kwilizwe lam. Iimoto eziqhelekileyo ziphantsi kwexabiso, zilula kwisakhiwo, zilungele ukugcinwa, ixesha elide kwinkonzo, kwaye zinesiseko esikhulu somthengisi, ezisa imiqobo emikhulu ekukhuthazeni iinjini eziphezulu. ilizwe lam liphumeze umgangatho onyanzelekileyo wesizwe we-GB 18613-2012 ukusukela ngo-2012, kwaye uceba ukuphelisa uluhlu lweemveliso zeemoto ezinomgangatho ophantsi. Amasebe afanelekileyo afuna ukuba onke amashishini, ingakumbi lawo asebenzisa kakhulu amandla, kufuneka ayeke ngokuthe ngcembe ukusebenzisa iinjini ezingasebenzi kakuhle, kodwa ezo mveliso zemoto zisenokusetyenziswa ukuba aziyifikeleli imigangatho yenkunkuma.
Inkqubo yomgaqo-nkqubo wokukhuthazwa kweemoto ezikumgangatho ophezulu kunyeesweni motor
Ulawuloinkqubo ayivakali ngokwaneleyo
Imigangatho yokusebenza kwamandla eenjini iye yabhengezwa kwaye yaphunyezwa, kodwa kukho ukunqongophala kwemigaqo-nkqubo exhasayo kunye neendlela zokulawula ukuthintela abavelisi beemoto ekuveliseni iinjini eziqhelekileyo. Amasebe afanelekileyo akhuphe iikhathalogu ezicetyiswayo zeemveliso kunye nezixhobo ezinxulumene nemoto, kodwa akukho ndlela yokuphumeza isinyanzelo. Banokunyanzela kuphela amashishini angundoqo kunye namashishini angundoqo ukuba aphelise iimotor ezingasebenzi kakuhle ngokubeka iliso kugcino lwamandla kwimizi-mveliso. Inkqubo yomgaqo-nkqubo kumacala omabini okubonelela kunye nemfuno ayifezekanga, nto leyo eye yazisa imiqobo ekukhuthazeni iimotor eziphezulu. Kwangaxeshanye, imigaqo-nkqubo yezemali neyerhafu kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yamatyala ukuxhasa ukukhuthazwa kweenjini ezisebenza kakuhle kakhulu azivakali ngokwaneleyo, kwaye kunzima kubathengi abaninzi beemoto ukufumana inkxaso-mali kwiibhanki zorhwebo.
Iingcebiso zoMgaqo-nkqubo wokuKhuthaza iiMoto eziSebenzayo Ukukhuthazwa kweenjini ezisebenza ngokufanelekileyo kufuna ulungelelwaniso lwabavelisi beemoto, abathengi beemoto, kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo exhasayo. Ngokukodwa, ukudala imeko-bume yentlalo apho abavelisi beemoto bavelisa ngokukhutheleyo iinjini ezisebenza ngempumelelo kwaye abathengi beemoto bakhetha ngokukhutheleyo iimotor ezinomgangatho ophezulu wokomelela kubalulekile ekukhuthazeni iimotor ezisebenza ngokufanelekileyo.
Nika umdlalo opheleleyo kwindima ebophelelayo yemigangatho
Imigangatho yinkxaso ebalulekileyo yobugcisa kuphuhliso olukumgangatho ophezulu woshishino lweemoto. Ilizwe likhuphe imigangatho enyanzelekileyo okanye ecetyiswayo kazwelonke/yemizi-mveliso efana ne-GB 18613-2020 yeemoto, kodwa kukho ukungabikho kwemigaqo exhasayo yokuthintela abavelisi beemoto ukuba bavelise ngaphantsi kwexabiso elilinganiselweyo lokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla. Iimveliso zeemoto, zibongoza iinkampani ukuba zirhoxe iimotor ezingasebenzi kakuhle. Ukusukela ngo-2017 ukuya kowama-2020, zizonke i-170 yezigidi zeekhilowathi zeenjini ezisebenza ngokuphantsi zisusiwe, kodwa zizigidi ezingama-31 kuphela zeekilowathi zazo ezithe zathatyathelwa indawo ziinjini ezisebenza ngokufanelekileyo. Kukho imfuneko engxamisekileyo yokwenza upapasho kunye nokuphunyezwa kwemigangatho, ukomeleza ukuphunyezwa kwemigangatho, ukongamela ukusetyenziswa kwemigangatho, ukujongana nokuziphatha kunye nokulungisa ukuziphatha okungaphumeleli imigangatho ngexesha elifanelekileyo, ukomeleza ukulawulwa kwabavelisi beemoto, kunye nokwandisa. isohlwayo sokwaphula iinkampani zeemoto. Ngokuvuma ukuvelisa iimotor ezisebenza ngokuphantsi, abathengi beemoto abanakukwazi ukuthenga iimotor ezisebenza kancinci.
Ukuphunyezwa kokuphela kwemotor engasebenziyo
UMphathiswa wezoShishino kunye neTekhnoloji yezoLwazi lenza umsebenzi wokonga umbane minyaka le, liqhuba uhlolo olukhethekileyo kuphuculo lobuchule bombane kwiimveliso eziphambili ezisebenzisa amandla kunye nezixhobo, kwaye ichonge iimotor ezisebenza ngokuphantsi kunye nabalandeli ngokwe “High Energy Consumption Outdated. I-Electromechanical Equipment (Iimveliso) Ikhathalogu yokuphelisa” (Iqela le-1 ukuya kwi-4) , Iicompressor zomoya, iimpompo kunye nezinye iimveliso zezixhobo eziphelelwe lixesha ezisebenzisa iimotor njengezixhobo zokuqhuba. Nangona kunjalo, lo msebenzi wokubeka iliso ujolise ikakhulu kumashishini aphambili asebenzisa amandla afana nentsimbi kunye nentsimbi, ukunyibilikisa isinyithi esingeyontsimbi, iikhemikhali zepetrochemical, kunye nezinto zokwakha, kwaye kunzima ukugubungela onke amashishini kunye namashishini. Iingcebiso ezilandelayo kukuphumeza iintshukumo ezingasebenziyo zokuphelisa iimoto, ukuphelisa iimoto ezingasebenzi kakuhle ngokwengingqi, ibhetshi, kunye nexesha, kunye nokucacisa ixesha lokuphelisa, ukuxhasa inkuthazo kunye nemilinganiselo yesohlwayo kuhlobo ngalunye lwemoto engasebenziyo ukukhuthaza amashishini ukuba aziphelise ngexesha elibekiweyo. . Kwangaxeshanye, kuyafuneka ukuba kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukusebenza kwangempela kweshishini. Ngenxa yokuba ishishini elinye elikhulu lisebenzisa isixa esikhulu seemoto kwaye linemali eyomeleleyo, ngelixa ishishini elincinci neliphakathi lisebenzisa iimoto ezincinci kwaye linemali engqongqo, umjikelo wokuphuma kufuneka umiselwe ngokwahlukileyo, kwaye umjikelo wesigaba sokuphuma weenjini ezingasebenzi kakuhle kumashishini amakhulu kufuneka uncitshiswe ngokufanelekileyo.
Ukuphucula inkuthazo kunye nendlela yokuthintela kumashishini okwenziwa kweemoto
Amandla obugcisa kunye namanqanaba ethekhinoloji yeenkampani ezivelisa iimoto azilingani. Ezinye iinkampani azinasakhono sobugcisa bokwenza iinjini ezisebenza ngokufanelekileyo. Kuyafuneka ukufumanisa imeko ethile yeenkampani ezivelisa iimoto zasekhaya kunye nokuphucula itekhnoloji yeshishini ngemigaqo-nkqubo yenkuthazo yezemali efana nemvumelwano yemali-mboleko kunye nokukhululwa kwerhafu. Ukongamela kwaye ubakhuthaze ukuba baphucule kwaye baziguqule zibe yimigca yokuvelisa iimoto ezikumgangatho ophezulu ngexesha elichaziweyo, kwaye ujonge amashishini okuvelisa iimoto ukuba angenzi iinjini ezisebenza ngokufanelekileyo ngexesha lenguqu kunye notshintsho. Ukongamela ukusasazwa kwezixhobo zemoto ezisebenza kancinci ukuthintela abavelisi beemoto ekuthengeni imathiriyeli ekrwada yemoto. Kwangaxeshanye, ukwandisa ukuhlolwa kweesampulu zeemoto ezithengiswa kwimarike, bhengeza iziphumo zokuhlolwa kwesampulu kuluntu ngexesha elifanelekileyo, kwaye wazise abavelisi abamveliso yabo isilela ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezisemgangathweni kunye nokuzilungisa ngaphakathi kwexesha elilinganiselweyo. .
Ukuqinisa umboniso kunye nokukhuthazwa kweenjini eziphezulu
Khuthaza abavelisi beemoto kunye nabasebenzisi beemoto ezisebenza ngokufanelekileyo ukuba bakhe ngokudibeneyo iziseko zokubonisa ukonga amandla kubathengi ukuba bafunde malunga nokusebenza kweemoto kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla kwindawo leyo, kwaye baveze rhoqo idatha yokonga amandla eemoto kuluntu ukuze babe nako ngakumbi. ukuqonda okucacileyo kweziphumo zokonga amandla kwiinjini eziphezulu.
Ukuseka iqonga lokunyuselwa kweenjini ezisebenza ngokufanelekileyo, bonisa ulwazi olufanelekileyo olufana neziqinisekiso zabavelisi beemoto, ukucaciswa kwemveliso, ukusebenza, njl. njl., upapashe kwaye utolike ulwazi lomgaqo-nkqubo onxulumene neenjini ezisebenza ngokufanelekileyo, lula ukutshintshiselana ngolwazi phakathi kwabavelisi beemoto kunye neemoto. abathengi, kwaye uvumele abavelisi kunye nabathengi Hlala unolwazi ngemigaqo-nkqubo efanelekileyo.
Ququzelela ukukhuthaza kunye noqeqesho lweemotor ezinomgangatho ophezulu wokwandisa ulwazi lwabasebenzisi beemoto kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo kunye namashishini kwiinjini ezisebenza ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye kwangaxeshanye uphendule imibuzo yabo. Ukuqinisa ii-arhente zeenkonzo zomntu wesithathu ukubonelela ngeenkonzo ezifanelekileyo zokubonisana kubathengi.
Ukukhuthaza ukwenziwa kwakhona kweenjini ezingasebenzi kakuhle
Ukupheliswa okukhulu kweenjini ezingasebenzi kakuhle kuya kubangela inkcitho yobutyebi ukuya kumlinganiselo othile. Ukuvelisa kwakhona iimotor ezinomgangatho ophantsi kwiimotor ezinomgangatho ophezulu aziphuculi nje kuphela ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla eenjini, kodwa ziphinde zisebenzise ezinye izixhobo, ezinceda ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwekhabhoni eluhlaza kunye nekhabhoni ephantsi yekhonkco loshishino lweemoto; xa kuthelekiswa nokuveliswa kweenjini ezintsha ezinomgangatho ophezulu, kunokunciphisa i-50% yeNdleko, i-60% yokusetyenziswa kwamandla, i-70% yezinto eziphathekayo. Ukuqulunqa kwaye usulungekise imigaqo kunye nemigangatho yokuvelisa kwakhona iinjini, ukucacisa uhlobo kunye namandla eenjini ezenziwe ngokutsha, kwaye ukhulule ibhetshi yamashishini omboniso anamandla okuvelisa iimoto, ekhokelela kuphuhliso loshishino lokwenziwa ngokutsha kweemoto ngokubonisa.
Ukuthengwa kwempahla karhulumente kuqhuba uphuhliso loshishino lweemoto olusebenza ngokufanelekileyo
Ngo-2020, isikali sokuthenga kurhulumente wesizwe siya kuba yi-3.697 yeetriliyoni zeeyuan, sibalwa kwi-10.2% kunye ne-3.6% yenkcitho yemali yesizwe kunye ne-GDP ngokulandelelanayo. Ngokuthenga kukarhulumente okuluhlaza, khokela abavelisi beemoto ukuba babonelele ngenkuthalo iinjini ezikumgangatho ophezulu kunye nabathengi ukuze bathenge iinjini ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Uphando kunye nokuqulunqa imigaqo-nkqubo yokuthengwa kwempahla karhulumente yeemveliso zobuchwepheshe zokulondoloza amandla ezifana neenjini ezisebenza ngokufanelekileyo, iimpompo kunye neefeni ezisebenzisa iimotor ezisebenza ngokufanelekileyo, ziquka iimotor ezisebenza kakuhle kakhulu kunye neemveliso zobugcisa zokulondoloza amandla zisebenzisa iimotor ezisebenza kakuhle kububanzi bokuthengwa kwempahla karhulumente. , kunye ne-organically ukudibanisa kunye nemigangatho efanelekileyo kunye neekhathalogu zeemveliso zeemoto zokonga amandla , ukwandisa ububanzi kunye nobukhulu bokuthengwa kwempahla eluhlaza karhulumente. Ngokuphunyezwa komgaqo-nkqubo karhulumente wokuthengwa kwempahla eluhlaza, amandla okuvelisa iimveliso zobuchwepheshe bonga amandla afana neenjini ezisebenza ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokuphuculwa kobuchule benkonzo yobugcisa bolondolozo luya kukhuthazwa.
Ukwandisa ikhredithi, inkuthazo yerhafu kunye nenye inkxaso kumacala omabini okubonelela kunye nemfuno
Ukuthenga iimotor ezinomgangatho ophezulu kunye nokuphucula ubuchwephesha babenzi beemoto kufuna isixa esikhulu sotyalo-mali olukhulu, kwaye amashishini kufuneka athwale uxinzelelo olukhulu lwezoqoqosho, ngakumbi amashishini amancinci naphakathi. Ngokusebenzisa iimvume zetyala, ukuxhasa ukuguqulwa kwemigca yokuvelisa iimoto ezikumgangatho ophantsi zibe yimizila yokuvelisa iimoto ezisebenza ngokufanelekileyo, kunye nokunciphisa uxinzelelo kutyalo-mali olukhulu lwabathengi beemoto. Ukubonelela ngenkuthazo yerhafu kubavelisi beemoto ezisebenza ngokufanelekileyo kunye nabasebenzisi beemoto abasebenzisa iimoto, kwaye baphumeze amaxabiso ombane awahlukeneyo ngokusekelwe kumanqanaba okusebenza kwamandla eenjini ezisetyenziswa ziinkampani. Okukhona liphezulu izinga lokusetyenziswa kwamandla, kokukhona lithandeka ngakumbi ixabiso lombane.
Ixesha lokuposa: May-24-2023