Xa kuthengwa ilori, abaqhubi belori zokulahla bahlala bebuza, ngaba kungcono ukuthenga ilori enesantya esikhulu okanye esincinci se-axle yangasemva? Enyanisweni, zombini zilungile. Undoqo kukufaneleka. Ukuyibeka ngokulula, abaninzi abaqhubi belori bayazi ukuba isantya esincinci se-axle yangasemva sithetha amandla amancinci okunyuka, isantya esikhawulezayo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwepetroli ephantsi; umlinganiselo omkhulu wesantya se-asi ngasemva uthetha amandla aqinileyo okunyuka, isantya esicothayo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamafutha aphezulu.
Kodwa kutheni? Kufuneka singazi izibakala nje kuphela kodwa kwanezizathu ezibangela oko. Namhlanje, masithethe nabahlobo babaqhubi malunga nomlinganiselo wesantya se-asi yangemva yeelori!
Umlinganiselo wesantya se-asi esingemva ligama nje eliqhelekileyo. Igama lezemfundo ngumlinganiselo ophambili wokunciphisa, umlinganiselo wegiya wesona sinciphisi siphambili kwi-axle yokuqhuba imoto. Inokunciphisa isantya kwi-shaft drive kunye nokwandisa i-torque. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba isantya se-axle yangemva yelori yi-3.727, ngoko ukuba i-shaft shaft speed yi-3.727 r / s (i-revolutions ngesekhondi), iya kuncitshiswa ibe yi-1r / s (i-revolutions ngesekhondi).
Xa sisithi imoto enomlinganiselo omkhulu wesantya seasi engasemva inamandla ngakumbi, okanye imoto enesantya esincinane esinomlinganiselo wesantya se-asi esemva iyakhawuleza, simele sithelekise kwaezo modeli zifanayo. Ukuba ziimodeli ezahlukeneyo, akunantsingiselo ukuthelekisa ngokulula ubungakanani bereyishini yesantya se-asi esemva, kwaye kulula ukwenza izigqibo ezingalunganga.
Ngenxa yokuba i-axle yangasemva isetyenziswa ngokudityaniswa nebhokisi yegiya, isantya sesantya seegiya ezahlukeneyo kwibhokisi yegiya yahlukile, kwaye isantya esipheleleyo semoto sisiphumo sokuphindaphinda isantya sebhokisi yegiya kunye nesantya sesantya semoto. iasi yangasemva.
Kutheni iilori ezinesantya esincinci se-asi zibaleka ngokukhawuleza?
Ngaphandle kokuqwalasela izinto zangaphandle ezinje ngomthwalo, ukuxhathisa komoya, ukumelana nokunyuka, njl.njl., kwaye kuqwalaselwe kuphela umyinge wothumelo, sinokufumanisa isantya sesithuthi ngefomula:
Isantya sesithuthi = 0.377 × (isantya senjini yesantya × irediyasi eqengqelekayo)
Phakathi kwabo, i-0.377 yi-coefficient esisigxina.
Umzekelo, ukuba imodeli efanayo yeelori ezikhanyayo ziyilori ekhaphukhaphu A kunye nelori ekhaphukhaphu B, ixhotyiswe ngamathaya e-radial ayi-7.50R16, i-Wanliyang WLY6T120 yokuhanjiswa ngesandla, kunye neegiya ezi-6 eziya phambili kunye negiya enye ebuyela umva, esona santya siphezulu singaphezulu, igiya. Umlinganiselo yi-0.78, umlinganiselo wesantya se-asi we-asi yelori ekhaphukhaphu A yi-3.727, kunye nesantya somlinganiselo we-asi welori ekhaphukhaphu B yi-4.33.
Emva koko xa i-gearbox ikwigiya ephezulu kwaye isantya se-injini siyi-2000rpm, ngokwefomula engentla, sibala isantya selori elikhanyayo A kunye nelori ekhaphukhaphu B ngokulandelelanayo. I-radius ejikelezayo ye-7.50R16 yesondo imalunga ne-0.3822 yeemitha (i-radius ejikelezayo yamatayara eenkcazo ezahlukeneyo inokufumaneka ngokweeparamitha zetayara. Ukwenza lula iziphumo ezicatshulwe ngokuthe ngqo apha, le radius ejikelezayo inoluhlu lwempazamo.
Isantya ilori ukukhanya A = 0.377 × (2000 × 0.3822) / (0.78 × 3.727) = 99.13 (km/h);
Ilori elikhanyayo B isantya = 0.377 × (2000 × 0.3822) / (0.78 × 4.33) = 85.33 (km / h);
Kwimodeli efanayo yesithuthi, xa isantya se-injini siyi-2000rpm, kuqikelelwa ngokwethiyori ukuba isantya selori elikhanyayo A kunye nesantya esincinci se-asi esingemva sifikelela kuma-99.13km/h, kunye nesantya selori ekhanyayo B ene-asi enkulu yangasemva. umlinganiselo wesantya yi-85.33km/h. Ke ngoko, isithuthi esinesantya esincinci se-axle yangasemva sibaleka ngokukhawuleza kwaye songa amafutha.
Kutheni iilori ezinomlinganiselo omkhulu wesantya se-asi zinamandla okunyuka?
Ukunyuka okuqinileyo kuthetha ukuba ilori inamandla okuqhuba. Ithiyori yokubala ifomula yamandla okuqhuba iilori yile:
Amandla okuqhuba = (i-torque ye-injini × umyinge wegiya × umlinganiselo wokugqibela wokunciphisa × ubuchule bokuhambisa koomatshini) / iradiyasi yevili
Kwilori ekhaphukhaphu A kunye nelori ekhaphukhaphu B ngasentla, irediyasi yevili ye-7.50R16 imalunga ne-0.3937m (iradiyasi yamatayara aneenkcazo ezahlukeneyo inokufumaneka ngokusekwe kwiparamitha zamatayara. Ukwenza lula, iziphumo zicatshulwe ngokuthe ngqo apha.
Ukuba unomdla, siya kukwazisa ngokweenkcukacha kamva). Ukuba ilori ekhaphukhaphu A kunye nelori ekhaphukhaphu B ikwigiya yokuqala kwaye i-torque ye-injini yi-450 Nm, sibala amandla okuqhuba afunyenwe yilori elikhanyayo A kunye nelori elikhanyayo B ngeli xesha:
Ilori elikhanyayo Amandla okuqhuba = (450×6.32X3.72X0.98)/0.3937=26384.55 (Newtons)
Ilori elikhanyayo B amandla okuqhuba = (450×6.32X4.33X0.98)/0.3937=30653.36 (Newton)
Xa i-injini ikwi-1st gear kunye ne-torque ephumayo ye-injini yi-450 Nm, amandla okuqhuba afunyenwe yilori elula A yi-26384.55 Newtons, ethetha ngokubanzi malunga ne-2692 kilograms (kg) ye-thrust (1 kg-force = 9.8 Newtons); amandla okuqhuba afunyanwa yilori ekhaphukhaphu B yi-30653.36 Newtons, ethetha ngokubanzi malunga neekhilogram ezingama-3128 (kg) zokutyhala (1 kg-force = 9.8 Newtons). Ngokucacileyo, ilori ekhaphukhaphu B enesantya esikhulu se-asi se-asi ifumana amandla amakhulu okuqhuba, kwaye ngokwendalo inamandla anamandla okunyuka.
Le nto ingasentla iyithiyori ekruqulayo. Ukuyibeka ngendlela ecacileyo ngakumbi, ukuba ilori ithelekiswa nomntu, umlinganiselo wesantya we-asi ungasemva ufana namathambo omlenze. Ukuba isantya se-axle yangasemva sincinci, ilori inokubaleka ngokukhawuleza kunye nomthwalo olula kwaye i-frequency esebenzayo iphezulu; ukuba umlinganiselo wesantya se-asi ungasemva mkhulu, ilori inokubaleka iqhubele phambili nomthwalo onzima kwaye isantya sokubaleka siphantsi.
Ukususela kolu hlalutyo olungentla, kunokubonwa ukuba isantya se-axle sangasemva sincinci, amandla okunyuka ancinci, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwepetroli kuphantsi; umlinganiselo wesantya se-asi ongasemva mkhulu, amandla okunyuka anamandla, isantya siyacotha, kwaye nokusetyenziswa kwamafutha kuphezulu.
Kwimakethi yangoku yasekhaya, indibaniselwano "ye-horsepower ephezulu kunye nesantya esincinci se-axle yangasemva" yeyona nto iphambili, kwaye iyasebenza kwezinye iimeko. Ngokungafaniyo nangaphambili, i-injini yehashe yayincinci, kukho ukugcwala okuninzi, kwaye kwakukho iindlela ezininzi zeentaba kunye neendlela zomhlaba, ngoko abantu babethanda ukukhetha i-asi enkulu yesantya ngasemva.
Kule mihla, uthutho lusekwe ikakhulu kwimithwalo eqhelekileyo, ulungiselelo olusebenzayo, kunye noohola bendlela. "Ekuphela kwendlela yokoyisa bonke ubugcisa bokulwa emhlabeni kukukhawuleza." Xa inqwelo-mafutha enenjini enkulu yamahashe iqhuba ngesantya esiphezulu, inesantya esincinci somlinganiselo we-asi ngasemva kunye nesixhobo sokuqhuba ngaphezulu kwebhokisi yegiya, isantya se-injini akufuneki sibe phezulu kakhulu ukuze sifikelele kwisantya esingaphezu kweemayile ezingama-90 ngeyure.
Ukongeza, siyazi ukuba umlinganiselo wesantya se-axle ongasemva unesiphumo sokunciphisa isantya kunye nokunyusa i-torque. Ukuba i-injini ephezulu yamahashe inamandla okwaneleyo kwaye inendawo enkulu kunye namandla anamandla aqhumayo, umphumo wokuthembela kumlinganiselo omkhulu wesantya se-asi engasemva ukunyusa i-torque unokuba buthathaka. Ngapha koko, i-gearbox nayo inokudlala indima efanayo.
I-asi ephezulu yamahashe, isantya esiphezulu sinosetyenziso oluphezulu kakhulu lwepetroli kwaye sifanelekile ukuba sisetyenziswe kwiimeko ezizodwa zokusebenza ezifana neelori zokulahla, iilori zokuxuba isamente, kunye nezithuthi ezihlala ziqhuba kwiindlela zasentabeni.
Ke xa sithenga ilori, ngaba kungcono ukuthenga umlinganiselo we-asi ongasemva omkhulu okanye omncinci? Kuxhomekeke ekusebenziseni kwakho.
Kwezinye iindlela zokuthutha kunye nemithwalo ehambelanayo, kulula ukukhetha imodeli kunye nesantya esifanelekileyo. Kwabanye abathuthi abahambahambayo kwilizwe lonke, iindlela kunye nemithwalo ayilungiswanga, ngoko kunzima ukukhetha. Kufuneka ukhethe ngokuguquguqukayo umlinganiselo wesantya esiphakathi ngokosetyenziso lwakho.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-24-2024