Yintoni i-lidar kwaye isebenza njani i-lidar?

　　1. Yintoni uLidar?

Iinkampani ezahlukeneyo zeemoto zigxininisa i-lidar, ngoko ke kufuneka siqonde kuqala, yintoni i-lidar?

I-LIDAR-Lidar, inzwa,eyaziwa ngokuba "liliso irobhothi", inzwa ebalulekileyo edibanisa i-laser, indawo yeGPS kunye nezixhobo zokulinganisa inertial. Indlela ebuyisela ixesha elifunekayo lokulinganisa umgama iyafana ngokomgaqo kwirada, ngaphandle kokuba iilaser zisetyenziswa endaweni yamaza onomathotholo.Kunokuthiwa i-lidar yenye yoqwalaselo olubalulekileyo lwe-hardware ukunceda iimoto zifezekiselene nenqanaba eliphezulu leengqondo ezincedisa imisebenzi yokuqhuba.

2. Isebenza njani i-lidar?

Okulandelayo, makhe sithethe ngendlela i-lidar esebenza ngayo.

Okokuqala, kufuneka sicacise ukuba i-lidar ayisebenzi ngokuzimeleyo, kwaye ngokubanzi iqulethe iimodyuli ezintathu eziphambili: i-laser transmitter, receiver, kunye ne-inertial positioning kunye nokuhamba.Xa i-lidar isebenza, iya kukhupha ukukhanya kwe-laser. Emva kokudibana nento, ukukhanya kwelaser kuya kuphinda kuhlaziywe kwaye kufunyenwe yi-CMOS sensor, ngaloo ndlela ilinganisa umgama ukusuka emzimbeni ukuya kumqobo.Ukusuka kumgaqo wombono, okoko nje ufuna ukwazi isantya sokukhanya kunye nexesha ukusuka ekuphumeni ukuya kwimbono yeCMOS, unokulinganisa umgama womqobo. Idityaniswe ne-GPS yexesha langempela, ulwazi lokuhamba nge-inertial kunye nokubalwa kwe-angle ye-laser radar, inkqubo inokufumana umgama wento engaphambili. Ukulungelelanisa ukuthwala kunye nolwazi lomgama.

Okulandelayo, ukuba i-lidar inokukhupha ii-lasers ezininzi kwi-engile emiselweyo kwindawo enye, inokufumana imiqondiso emininzi ebonakalisiweyo ngokusekelwe kwimiqobo.Idityaniswe noluhlu lwexesha, i-laser scanning angle, indawo ye-GPS kunye nolwazi lwe-INS, emva kokulungiswa kwedatha, olu lwazi luya kudibaniswa kunye no-x, y, z ulungelelaniso ukuze ube ngumqondiso we-three-dimensional kunye nolwazi lomgama, ulwazi lwendawo yendawo, njl. i-algorithms, inkqubo inokufumana iiparameters ezinxulumeneyo ezahlukeneyo njengemigca, umphezulu, kunye nemiqulu, ngaloo ndlela iseka imephu yelifu ene-dimensional-dimensional point kunye nokuzoba imephu yokusingqongileyo, enokuthi ibe "ngamehlo" emoto.

3. Lidar Industry Chain

1) Umthumeliitshiphu: I-905nm ye-EEL ye-chip ye-Osram yokulawula kunzima ukuyitshintsha, kodwa emva kokuba i-VCSEL igcwalise ibhodi emfutshane yamandla ngokusebenzisa inkqubo ye-multi-junction, ngenxa yeendleko zayo eziphantsi kunye neempawu zokushisa eziphantsi, iya kuqonda ngokuthe ngcembe ukutshintshwa kwe-EEL, i-chip yasekhaya i-Changguang. Huaxin, Zonghui Xinguang ungenise amathuba ophuhliso.

2) Ummkeli: Njengoko indlela ye-905nm idinga ukunyusa umgama wokubona, kulindeleke ukuba i-SiPM kunye ne-SPAD iya kuba yinto enkulu. I-1550nm iya kuqhubeka nokusebenzisa i-APD, kwaye umda weemveliso ezinxulumene noko uphezulu. Okwangoku, ilawulwa nguSony, Hamamatsu kunye ne-ON Semiconductor. I-1550nm engundoqo ye-Citrix kunye ne-905nm i-Nanjing Core Vision kunye ne-Lingming Photonics kulindeleke ukuba ihambe phambili ekuphuleni.

3) Ukuphela kolungelelwaniso: I-semiconductorI-laser inomgodi omncinci we-resonator kunye nomgangatho ombi wendawo. Ukuze kuhlangatyezwane nomgangatho we-lidar, i-axes ekhawulezayo kunye necothayo kufuneka ilungelelaniswe kwi-calibration ye-optical calibration, kwaye isisombululo somthombo wokukhanya komgca kufuneka sibe homogenized. Ixabiso le-lidar enye ngamakhulu e-yuan.

4) I-TEC: Ekubeni i-Osram isombulule i-drift drift ye-EEL, i-VCSEL ngokwemvelo ineempawu zokushisa eziphantsi, ngoko i-lidar ayisafuni i-TEC.

I-5) Ukuphela kokuskena: Umqobo oyintloko wesibuko esijikelezayo kukulawula ixesha, kwaye inkqubo ye-MEMS inzima kakhulu. I-Xijing Technology yeyokuqala ukufikelela kwimveliso yobuninzi.

4. Ulwandle lweenkwenkwezi phantsi kokutshintshwa kweemveliso zasekhaya

Ukwakhiwa kwendawo ye-lidar akukona nje ukuphumeza ukutshintshwa kwekhaya kunye nokuzimela kwezobuchwepheshe ukukhusela amazwe aseNtshona ukuba abambelele, kodwa kwakhona into ebalulekileyo kukunciphisa iindleko.

Ixabiso elifikelelekayo liyisihloko esingenakuphepheka, nangona kunjalo, ixabiso le-lidar alikho phantsi, ixabiso lokufakela isixhobo esisodwa se-lidar kwimoto malunga ne-10,000 yeedola zase-US.

Ixabiso eliphezulu le-lidar lihlala lisisithunzi salo, ngakumbi kwiisombululo eziphambili zelidar, umqobo omkhulu kakhulu yindleko; I-lidar ithathwa njengethekhnoloji ebiza kakhulu kwishishini, kwaye uTesla wathetha ngokungafihlisiyo ukuba Ukugxeka i-lidar kuyabiza.

Abavelisi beLidar bahlala bejonge ukunciphisa iindleko, kwaye njengoko iteknoloji iguquka, iinjongo zabo ngokuthe ngcembe ziba yinyani.Isizukulwana sesibini esihlakaniphileyo sokusondeza i-lidar asinayo kuphela ukusebenza okuphezulu, kodwa sinciphisa iindleko zesibini kwisithathu xa kuthelekiswa nesizukulwana sokuqala, kwaye sincinci ngobukhulu.Ngokoqikelelo lweshishini, ngo-2025, ixabiso eliphakathi leenkqubo zelidar eziphucukileyo zangaphandle linokufikelela malunga ne-700 yeedola nganye.

Umkhwa wophuhliso lwangoku lweshishini le-lidar kukuba inqanaba lobugcisa liya likhula ngakumbi kwaye likhulile imihla ngemihla, kwaye indawo yokuhlala isondela ngokuthe ngcembe.Ukwenziwa kwendawo ye-LiDAR kudlule kwizigaba ezininzi. Okokuqala, yayilawulwa ziinkampani zangaphandle. Kamva, iinkampani zasekhaya zaqala kwaye zandisa ubunzima bazo. Ngoku, ukongamela ngokuthe ngcembe kuya kusondela kwiinkampani zasekhaya.

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, igagasi lokuqhuba ngokuzimeleyo liye lavela, kwaye abavelisi be-lidar basekhaya baye bangena ngokuthe ngcembe emarikeni. Iimveliso zelidar ezikumgangatho wasekhaya ziye zaduma ngokuthe ngcembe. Kwiimoto zombane zasekhaya ezikrelekrele, iinkampani zelidar zasekhaya ziye zavela enye emva kwenye.

Ngokolwazi, kufuneka kubekho iinkampani ze-radar zasekhaya ezingama-20 okanye ezingama-30, ezinje ngeSagitar Juchuang, iTekhnoloji yeHesai, iBeike Tianhui, iLeishen Intelligence, njl. .

Okwangoku, iinzuzo zexabiso leemveliso ze-lidar eziqaliswe ngabavelisi baseTshayina abanjengoHesai, i-DJI, kunye ne-Sagitar Juchuang ziyabonakala, ziphula indawo ehamba phambili yamazwe aphuhlileyo njenge-United States kule ntsimi.Kukwakho iinkampani ezifana neFocuslight Technology, iLaser kaHan, iGuangku Technology, iLuowei Technology, iHesai Technology, iZhongji Innolight, iKongwei Laser, kunye neJuxing Technology. Inkqubo kunye namava okuvelisa aqhuba izinto ezintsha kwi-lidar.

Okwangoku, inokwahlulwa ibe zizikolo ezibini, esinye siphuhlisa i-lidar yoomatshini, kwaye enye itshixa ngokuthe ngqo iimveliso zelidar eziqinileyo.Kwintsimi ye-high-speed autonomous drive, i-Hesai inesabelo esiphezulu semarike; kwintsimi ye-low-speed autonomous drive, i-Sagitar Juchuang ngumenzi oyintloko.

Ngokwembono yokunyuka nokwehla komjelo walo lonke ikhonkco lemizi-mveliso, ilizwe lam lilime inani lamashishini anamandla kwaye lenze ikhonkco lemizi-mveliso elipheleleyo.Emva kweminyaka yotyalo-mali oluzingisileyo kunye nokuqokelelana kwamava, iinkampani zeradar zasekhaya zenze iinzame ezinzulu kumacandelo azo emarike, zibonisa indlela yentengiso yeentyatyambo ezidubulayo.

Ukuveliswa ngobuninzi kubonakaliso olubalulekileyo lokukhula. Ngokungena kwimveliso yobuninzi, ixabiso libuye lihle kakhulu. I-DJI yabhengeza ngo-Agasti ka-2020 ukuba ifezekise imveliso yobuninzi kunye nokubonelela nge-lidar yokuqhuba i-autonomous autonomous drive, kwaye ixabiso lehlile ukuya kwinqanaba le-yuan. ; Kwaye iHuawei, kwi-2016 ukuqhuba uphando lwangaphambili kwi-teknoloji ye-lidar, ukwenza ukuqinisekiswa kweprototype kwi-2017, kunye nokufezekisa imveliso yobuninzi kwi-2020.

Xa kuthelekiswa neerada ezithunyelwa ngaphandle, iinkampani zasekhaya zineenzuzo ngokubhekiselele kwixesha elifanelekileyo lokubonelela, ukulungiswa kwemisebenzi, intsebenziswano yenkonzo kunye nengqiqo yamajelo.

Iindleko zokuthengwa kwe-lidar evela kumazwe angaphandle ziphezulu. Ke ngoko, ixabiso eliphantsi le-lidar yasekhaya lisitshixo sokuhlala kwintengiso kunye namandla okuqhuba abalulekileyo okutshintshwa kwasekhaya. Ngokuqinisekileyo, iingxaki ezininzi ezisebenzayo ezifana nendawo yokunciphisa iindleko kunye nokuvuthwa kwemveliso yobuninzi kusekho e-China. Amashishini kusafuneka ajamelane nemingeni emininzi.

Ukususela ekuzalweni kwayo, imboni ye-lidar ibonise iimpawu ezibalaseleyo zezinga eliphezulu lobugcisa.Njengobuchwephesha obuvelayo obuthandwa kakhulu kwiminyaka yakutshanje, itekhnoloji ye-lidar eneneni inemiqobo emikhulu yobugcisa.Itekhnoloji ayingomceli mngeni kuphela kwiinkampani ezifuna ukungena emarikeni, kodwa ikwangumceli mngeni kwiinkampani ebezikuyo iminyaka emininzi.

Okwangoku, ukutshintshwa kwekhaya, kuba ii-chips ze-lidar, ngokukodwa amacandelo afunekayo ekuqhutyweni kwezibonakaliso, ngokuyinhloko athembele ekungenisweni kwamanye amazwe, oku kunyuse iindleko zokuvelisa iilidi zasekhaya ukuya kwinqanaba elithile. Iprojekthi yentamo ebambekileyo iphuma yonke ukujongana nale ngxaki.

Ukongeza kwizinto zabo zobugcisa, iinkampani ze-radar zasekhaya nazo kufuneka zihlakulele izakhono ezibanzi, kubandakanywa uphando lwezobuchwepheshe kunye neenkqubo zophuhliso, amakhonkco okubonelela ngokuzinzileyo kunye nokukwazi ukuvelisa ubuninzi, ngakumbi emva kokuthengisa amandla okuqinisekisa umgangatho.

Ngaphantsi kwethuba elithi "Yenziwe eTshayina ngo-2025", abavelisi basekhaya baye bafumana impumelelo kwiminyaka yakutshanje kwaye benze izinto ezininzi.Okwangoku, indawo yokuhlala ikwixesha apho amathuba kunye nemingeni ecacileyo ngokukodwa, kwaye isisiseko sesiseko sokutshintshwa kwe-lidar yokungenisa.

Okwesine, isicelo sokufika ligama lokugqibela

Asikokubaxa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-lidar kungenise ixesha elikhulayo, kwaye ishishini layo eliphambili livela kwiimarike ezinkulu ezine, ezizezi zi-automation., izakhiwo ezikrelekrele, iirobhothi kunye neemoto.

Kukho umfutho oqinileyo kwibala lokuqhuba ngokuzimeleyo, kwaye imakethi ye-lidar yeemoto iya kuxhamla ekungeneni komgangatho ophezulu wokuqhuba ngokuzimeleyo kunye nokugcina ukukhula okukhawulezayo.Iinkampani ezininzi zeemoto ziye zamkela izisombululo ze-lidar, zithatha inyathelo lokuqala ukuya kwi-L3 kunye ne-L4 ukuqhuba ngokuzimeleyo.

I-2022 iba yifestile yotshintsho ukusuka kwi-L2 ukuya kwi-L3 / L4. Njengesenzwa engundoqo yetekhnoloji yokuqhuba ngokuzimeleyo, i-lidar idlale indima ebaluleke kakhulu kwiinkalo ezinxulumeneyo kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Kulindeleke ukuba ukusuka kwi-2023, umkhondo we-lidar wesithuthi uya kungena kwixesha eliqhubekayo lokukhula ngokukhawuleza.

Ngokwengxelo yophando lwezibambiso, ngo-2022, ufakelo lwe-lidar yemoto yaseTshayina luya kudlula iiyunithi ezingama-80,000. Kulindeleke ukuba indawo yentengiso ye-lidar kwindawo yemoto yabakhweli yelizwe lam ifikelele kwi-26.1 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan ngo-2025 kunye ne-98 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan ngo-2030.I-lidar yemoto ingene kwixesha lemfuno eqhumayo, kwaye ithemba lemarike libanzi kakhulu.

Ukungaphathwanga ngumkhwa kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kwaye i-unmanned ayinakuhlukaniswa namehlo obulumko - inkqubo yokukhangela.Ukuhamba ngeLaser kukhulile ngokwetekhnoloji kunye nokufika kwemveliso, kwaye kunomgangatho ochanekileyo, kwaye kunokusebenza ngokuzinzileyo kwiindawo ezininzi, ngakumbi kubusuku obumnyama. Isenokugcina ubhaqo oluchanekileyo. Ngoku yeyona ndlela izinzile kwaye ingundoqo kunye nendlela yokukhangela.Ngamafutshane, ngokwesicelo, umgaqo wokuhamba nge-laser ulula kwaye iteknoloji ikhulile.

Ingenamntu, iye yangena kwimimandla yokwakha, imigodi, ukupheliswa komngcipheko, inkonzo, ezolimo, ukuhlola indawo kunye nezicelo zomkhosi. I-Lidar ibe yindlela eqhelekileyo yokukhangela kule ndawo.

Ukuqala ngo-2019, kuye kwasetyenziswa iirada zasekhaya ngakumbi kwiiprojekthi zokwenyani zabathengi, endaweni yovavanyo lweprototype kwindawo yokusebenzela.I-2019 yindawo ebalulekileyo yamanzi kwiinkampani ze-lidar zasekhaya. Izicelo zentengiso ziye zangena ngokuthe ngcembe kwiimeko zeprojekthi, ukwandisa iimeko zesicelo kunye nobubanzi, ukufuna iimarike ezahlukeneyo, kwaye ibe lukhetho oluqhelekileyo kwiinkampani. .

Ukusetyenziswa kwe-lidar ngokuthe ngcembe kusasazeka, kubandakanywa neshishini elingaqhubekiyo, i-robot yenkonzoishishini, Internet of Vehicles industry, uthutho olukrelekrele, kunye nesixeko smart. Indibaniselwano yelidar kunye needrones zinokuzoba iimephu zolwandle, imikhenkce kunye namahlathi.

I-unmanned lolona phawu lubalulekileyo lwe-smart logistics. Ekuthuthweni nasekuhanjisweni kwe-smart logistics, inani elikhulu lobuchwepheshe obungenamntu liya kusetyenziswa - iirobhothi ze-mobile logistics kunye neenqwelo ze-express ezingenamntu, eyona nto ingundoqo i-lidar.

Kwintsimi ye-smart logistics, umda wesicelo se-lidar uyanda imihla ngemihla. Nokuba isuka ekuphatheni ukuya kwindawo yokugcina impahla okanye kulungiselelo, i-lidar inokugqunywa ngokupheleleyo kwaye yandiswe kumazibuko ahlakaniphileyo, ukuthuthwa ngobuchule, ukhuseleko olukrelekrele, iinkonzo ezikrelekrele, kunye nolawulo olulumkileyo lwasezidolophini.

Kwiimeko ze-logistics ezifana namachweba, i-lidar inokuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kokubanjwa kwempahla kunye nokunciphisa ubunzima bokusebenza kwabasebenzi.Ngokubhekiselele kwezothutho, i-lidar inokuncedisa ekufumaneni amasango e-toll speed kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba izithuthi ezidlulayo zihlangabezana neemfuno.Ngokubhekiselele kukhuseleko, i-lidar inokuba ngamehlo ezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zokujonga ukhuseleko.

Kwintsimi yokuvelisa i-industrial, ixabiso le-lidar lihlala ligxininiswa. Kumgca wokuvelisa, unokukhulula indima yokubeka iliso kwizinto kunye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokuzenzekelayo.

I-Lidar (Ukubona ukuKhanya kunye nokuBanga) yitekhnoloji ye-optical ye-remote sensing esanda kuvela njengenye indlela engabizi kakhulu kubuchule bokuhlola bemveli obufana ne-photogrammetry.Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, i-lidar kunye ne-drones ziye zavela rhoqo kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zesicelo ngendlela yenqindi edibeneyo, ehlala ivelisa umphumo we-1 + 1> 2.

Indlela yobugcisa ye-lidar iphucula rhoqo. Akukho zakhiwo ze-lidar eziqhelekileyo ezinokuhlangabezana neemfuno zazo zonke izicelo ezahlukeneyo. Izicelo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zinemiba yefom eyahlukeneyo, iindawo zokujonga, isisombululo soluhlu, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye neendleko. Funa.

I-Lidar ineenzuzo zayo, kodwa indlela yokwandisa inzuzo idinga inkxaso yobugcisa. I-Lidar yokusondeza enobukrelekrele inokwakha imifanekiso yestereo enamacala amathathu, isombulule ngokugqibeleleyo iimeko ezigqithileyo ezifana nokukhanya ngasemva kwemigca yokubona kunye nobunzima bokuchonga izinto ezingaqhelekanga.Ngophuhliso lwetekhnoloji, i-lidar iya kudlala indima yayo kwiinkalo ezininzi zezicelo ezingalindelekanga, izisa izinto ezimangalisayo.

Kwixesha lanamhlanje xa ixabiso liyinkosi, iirada zamaxabiso aphezulu azizange zibe lukhetho lwemarike yesiqhelo. Ngokukodwa ekusebenziseni i-L3 yokuqhuba ngokuzimeleyo, iindleko eziphezulu zeerada zangaphandle zisesona sithintelo esikhulu ekuphunyezweni kwayo. Kunyanzelekile ukuba kuqatshelwe ukutshintshwa kweerada zasekhaya endaweni yangaphandle.

I-Lidar ibisoloko ingummeli wophuhliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kobuchwepheshe obuvelayo. Ingaba iteknoloji ikhulile okanye ayikho ihambelana nokusetyenziswa kwayo kunye nokukhuthazwa kwemveliso yobuninzi.Itekhnoloji evuthiweyo ayifumaneki kuphela, kodwa ihambelana neendleko zezoqoqosho, zilungelelanise iimeko ezahlukeneyo, kwaye zikhuselekile ngokwaneleyo.

Emva kweminyaka emininzi yokuqokelela itekhnoloji, iimveliso ezintsha zelidar ziye zaziswa ngokuqhubekayo, kwaye ngokuhambela phambili kwetekhnoloji, izicelo zabo ziye zanda kakhulu.Iimeko zesicelo nazo ziyanda, kwaye ezinye iimveliso zithunyelwe kwiimarike ezinkulu zaseYurophu nase-United States.

Ngokuqinisekileyo, iinkampani ze-lidar nazo zijongene nale mingcipheko ilandelayo: ukungaqiniseki kwimfuno, ixesha elide lokunyuka ukuze abamkeli bakhulise imveliso yobuninzi, kunye nexesha elide lokuba i-lidar ivelise ingeniso yangempela njengomthengisi.

Iinkampani zasekhaya eziqokelele kwintsimi ye-lidar iminyaka emininzi ziya kusebenza nzulu kumacandelo azo emarike, kodwa ukuba zifuna ukuthatha izabelo zentengiso, kufuneka zidibanise itekhnoloji yazo yokuqokelela, bembe nzulu kubuchwephesha obuphambili, kwaye baphuhlise kwaye baphucule. iimveliso. Umgangatho kunye nokuzinza kusebenza nzima.