Kuyaziwa ukuba kulwakhiwo lwamandla amatsha ezithuthi zombane ezisulungekileyo, isilawuli se-VCU, isilawuli se-MCU kunye nenkqubo yokulawula ibhetri ye-BMS zezona zibalulekileyo itekhnoloji ephambili, enefuthe elikhulu kumandla, uqoqosho, ukuthembeka kunye nokhuseleko. isithuthi. Impembelelo ebalulekileyo, kusekho imiqobo ethile yobugcisa kwiinkqubo zamandla ezintathu eziphambili zemoto, ulawulo lwe-elektroniki kunye nebhetri, ezichazwe kumanqaku anzima. Inye kuphela into engakhankanywanga yi mechanical automatic transmission system, ngathi ayikho, kukho igearbox kuphela, ayinochuku.
Kwintlanganiso yonyaka yeCandelo leTekhnoloji yeGear yoMbutho waseTshayina weeNjineli zeZimoto, isihloko sokuhanjiswa ngokuzenzekelayo kwezithuthi zombane kwavusa umdla omkhulu phakathi kwabathathi-nxaxheba. Kwithiyori, izithuthi zombane ezicocekileyo azidingi ukuhanjiswa, kuphela i-reducer ene-fixed ratio. Namhlanje, abantu abaninzi bayaqaphela ukuba izithuthi zombane zifuna ukuhanjiswa ngokuzenzekelayo. kutheni kunjalo? Isizathu sokuba abavelisi bezithuthi zombane basekhaya benza izithuthi zombane ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ukuhanjiswa ikakhulu kuba abantu babengaqondi kakuhle ukuba izithuthi zombane azidingi ukuhanjiswa. Emva koko, akubizi mali; ushishino losasazo oluzenzekelayo lwemoto yasekhaya lusekwinqanaba elisezantsi, kwaye akukho luthumelo oluzenzekelayo olufanelekileyo onokukhetha kulo. Ngoko ke, "Iimeko zobuGcisa kwiZithuthi zoMbane eziPhucukileyo zoMbane" ayichazi ukusetyenziswa kokuhanjiswa ngokuzenzekelayo, kwaye ayichazi imida yokusetyenziswa kwamandla. Ukunciphisa umlinganiselo oqingqiweyo unegiya enye kuphela, ukwenzela ukuba i-motor isoloko ikwindawo ephantsi, engachithi nje amandla ebhetri axabisekileyo, kodwa inyusa iimfuno zemoto yokutsala kunye nokunciphisa uluhlu lokuqhuba kwesithuthi. Ukuba ixhotyiswe nge-automatic transmission, isantya semoto sinokutshintsha isantya sokusebenza semoto, siphucule kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle, ukonga amandla ombane, ukonyusa uluhlu lokuqhuba, kunye nokwandisa amandla okunyuka kwiigiya ezinesantya esiphantsi.
Unjingalwazi uXu Xiangyang, usekela-mphathi weSikolo seSayensi yezoThutho nobuNjineli, kwiYunivesithi yaseBeihang, wathi kudliwano-ndlebe neentatheli: “Ukuhanjiswa kwezithuthi zombane ngesantya esinesantya esiphezulu kunamathuba amaninzi okuthengisa.” Imoto yombane yezithuthi zombane ezisulungekileyo zabakhweli zinetorque enkulu enesantya esiphantsi. Ngeli xesha, i-motor Ukusebenza kakuhle kwesithuthi sombane kuphantsi kakhulu, ngoko ke isithuthi sombane sisebenzisa umbane omkhulu xa siqala, sihamba ngokukhawuleza kwaye sinyuka kwimithambeka enqabileyo ngesantya esiphantsi. Oku kufuna ukusetyenziswa kweebhokisi zegiya ukunciphisa ubushushu bemoto, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, ukonyusa uluhlu lokuhamba ngenqanawa, kunye nokuphucula amandla emoto. Ukuba akukho mfuneko yokuphucula ukusebenza kwamandla, amandla emoto anokuncitshiswa ukuze aqhubeke nokugcina amandla, aphucule uluhlu lokuhamba ngenqanawa, kwaye enze lula inkqubo yokupholisa yemoto ukunciphisa iindleko. Nangona kunjalo, xa isithuthi sombane siqala ngesantya esiphantsi okanye sikhwela kwithambeka, umqhubi akayi kuziva ukuba amandla akonelanga kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kuphezulu kakhulu, ngoko ke isithuthi sombane esicocekileyo sifuna ukuhanjiswa ngokuzenzekelayo.
Umbhali weblogi kaSina uWang Huaping 99 uthe wonke umntu uyazi ukuba ukwandisa uluhlu lokuqhuba kusitshixo sokuthandwa kwezithuthi zombane. Ukuba isithuthi sombane sixhotyiswe nge-transmission, uluhlu lokuqhuba lunokwandiswa ubuncinane nge-30% kunye nomthamo ofanayo webhetri. Le mbono yaqinisekiswa ngumbhali xa enxibelelana nabavelisi abaninzi bezithuthi zombane. I-Qin ye-BYD ixhotyiswe nge-dual-clutch transmission ezenzekelayo ngokuzimeleyo ephuhliswe yi-BYD, ephucula kakhulu ukuqhuba kakuhle. Kuyavakala ukuba kulungile ukufakela ukuhanjiswa kwizithuthi zombane, kodwa akukho menzi wokuyifaka? Ingongoma kukungabinalo usulelo olufanelekileyo.
Ukuba ucinga kuphela ukukhawuleza kokusebenza kweemoto zombane, enye imoto yanele. Ukuba unegiya esezantsi kunye namatayara angcono, unokufikelela kwisantya esiphezulu kakhulu ekuqaleni. Ngoko ke, kukholelwa ngokubanzi ukuba ukuba imoto yombane ine-gearbox ye-3-speed, ukusebenza kuya kuphucula kakhulu. Kuthiwa uTesla uphinde waqwalasela i-gearbox enjalo. Nangona kunjalo, ukongeza i-gearbox akunyusa nje iindleko, kodwa kuzisa ilahleko eyongezelelweyo yokusebenza. Nokuba i-gearbox elungileyo ene-dual clutch inokufikelela ngaphezulu kwe-90% yokuhambisa ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye yonyusa ubunzima, obungayi kunciphisa amandla kuphela, iya kwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwamafutha. Ke kubonakala kungeyomfuneko ukongeza i-gearbox yokusebenza ngokugqithisileyo abantu abaninzi abangayikhathalelanga. Ubume bemoto yi-injini edityaniswe kuthotho kunye nokuhanjiswa. Ngaba imoto yombane ingalandela le ngcamango? Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, akukho tyala liphumeleleyo libonwe. Ukuyifaka kwi-transmission yemoto ekhoyo inkulu kakhulu, inzima kwaye iyabiza, kwaye inzuzo iyodlula ilahleko. Ukuba akukho nto ifanelekileyo, kuphela isinciphisi esinesantya esisisigxina singasetyenziswa ngokuchasene nayo.
Ngokubhekiselele kusetyenziso lwe-multi-speed shifting kwintsebenzo yokukhawulezisa, le ngcamango ayilula ukuyiqonda, kuba ixesha lokutshintsha kwebhokisi yegiya liya kuchaphazela ukusebenza kokukhawulezisa, kwaye amandla aya kuncitshiswa ngokukhawuleza ngexesha lenkqubo yokutshintsha, okukhokelela ekubeni ukothuka shift enkulu, nto leyo eyingozi kwisithuthi sonke. Ukuguquguquka kunye nokuthuthuzela kweso sixhobo kuya kuba nefuthe elibi. Xa kujongwa imeko yeemoto zasekhaya, kuyaziwa ukuba kunzima kakhulu ukwenza i-gearbox efanelekileyo kune-injini yomlilo yangaphakathi. Yindlela eqhelekileyo yokwenza lula ubume bomatshini bezithuthi zombane. Ukuba i-gearbox inqunyulwe, kufuneka kubekho iingxoxo ezaneleyo zokuyidibanisa kwakhona.
Ngaba sinokuyenza ngokweengcamango zobugcisa zangoku zeefowuni eziphathwayo? I-hardware yeefowuni eziphathwayo iphuhlisa kwicala le-multi-core ephezulu kunye ne-low frequency. Kwangaxeshanye, indibaniselwano ezahlukeneyo zibizwa ngokugqibeleleyo ukudibanisa ii-frequencies ezahlukeneyo zondoqo ngamnye ukulawula ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, kwaye ayisiyiyo nje ingundoqo yokusebenza ephezulu ehamba yonke indlela.
Kwizithuthi zombane, akufuneki sahlule i-motor kunye nesinciphisi, kodwa kufuneka sidibanise i-motor, isinciphisi kunye nesilawuli semoto kunye, iseti enye ngaphezulu, okanye iiseti ezininzi, ezinamandla ngakumbi kwaye zisebenza. . Ngaba ubunzima kunye nexabiso alibizi kakhulu?
Hlalutya, umzekelo, BYD E6, amandla emoto yi-90KW. Ukuba yahlulwe kwiimotor ezimbini ezingama-50KW kwaye zidityaniswe kwidrive enye, ubunzima bubonke bemoto buyafana. Iinjini ezimbini zidibene kwi-reducer, kwaye ubunzima buya kunyuka kancinci. Ngaphandle koko, nangona isilawuli semoto sineenjini ezininzi, ukulawulwa kwangoku kuncinci kakhulu.
Kule ngcamango, kwayilwa ingqikelelo, yenza isiphithiphithi kwisinciphisi seplanethi, ukudibanisa i-A motor kwigiya yelanga, kunye nokuhambisa igiya yeringi yangaphandle ukudibanisa enye injini engu-B. Ngokumalunga nesakhiwo, ii-motor ezimbini zinokufumaneka ngokwahlukileyo. Umlinganiselo wesantya, kwaye emva koko usebenzise isilawuli semoto ukubiza iinjini ezimbini, kukho isiseko sokuba i-motor inomsebenzi wokuqhawula xa ingajikelezi. Kwithiyori yeegiya zeplanethi, iinjini ezimbini zifakwe kwisinciphisi esifanayo, kwaye zinemilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo yesantya. I-motor A ikhethwe ngomlinganiselo omkhulu wesantya, i-torque enkulu kunye nesantya esicothayo. Isantya senjini ye-B sikhawuleza kunesantya esincinci. Unokukhetha injini ngokuthanda kwakho. Isantya seenjini ezimbini zahlukile kwaye azihambelani. Isantya seenjini ezimbini zibekwe phezulu ngaxeshanye, kwaye i-torque lixabiso eliqhelekileyo le-torque yokuphuma kweenjini ezimbini.
Kulo mgaqo, unokwandiswa ukuya kwiinjini ezingaphezu kwezintathu, kwaye inani linokusetwa njengoko kufuneka, kwaye ukuba enye i-motor iguqulwa (i-AC induction motor ayisebenzi), isantya sokuphuma siphezulu, kunye nesantya esicothayo, kufuneka yandiswe. Indibaniselwano yetorque ifanelekile kakhulu, ngakumbi kwiimoto zombane zeSUV kunye neemoto zemidlalo.
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-multi-speed automatic transmission, qala uhlalutye iimotor ezimbini, i-BYD E6, amandla emoto yi-90KW, ukuba yohlulwe kwiinjini ezimbini ze-50 KW kwaye zidityaniswe kwi-drive enye, i-A motor inokubaleka i-60 K m / H, kunye nemoto ye-B inokugijima i-90 K m / H, ii-motor ezimbini zingaqhuba i-150 K m / H ngaxeshanye. ① Ukuba umthwalo unzima, sebenzisa i-A motor ukukhawulezisa, kwaye xa ifika kwi-40 K m / H, yongeza i-motor B ukunyusa isantya. Olu lwakhiwo lunophawu lokuba i-on, off, stop and rotation speed of the two motors will not be participant or stricted. Xa i-A motor inesantya esithile kodwa ingonelanga, i-B motor inokongezwa kunyuso lwesantya nangaliphi na ixesha. ②B motor ingasetyenziswa kwisantya esiphakathi xa kungekho mthwalo. Imoto enye kuphela ingasetyenziselwa isantya esiphakathi nesisezantsi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno, kwaye zimbini kuphela iimoto ezisetyenziswa ngaxeshanye kwimithwalo enesantya esiphezulu kunye nomthwalo onzima, onciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokwandisa uluhlu lokuhamba ngenqanawa.
Kuyilo lwesithuthi sonke, ukusetwa kombane yinxalenye ebalulekileyo. Amandla okuqhuba imoto yemoto yombane makhulu kakhulu, kwaye i-voltage ingaphezulu kwe-300 volts. Iindleko ziphezulu, kuba ukuphakama kwamandla ombane okumelana nezinto ze-elektroniki, ixabiso eliphezulu. Ngoko ke, ukuba imfuno yesantya ayiphezulu, khetha i-low-voltage. Imoto enesantya esiphantsi isebenzisa i-low-voltage. Ingaba imoto enesantya esiphantsi ingabaleka ngesantya esiphezulu? Impendulo nguewe, nokuba yimoto enesantya esiphantsi, ukuba nje iimoto ezininzi zisetyenziswa kunye, isantya esiphakamileyo siya kuba phezulu. Kwixesha elizayo, akuyi kubakho mahluko phakathi kwezithuthi ezihamba ngesantya esiphezulu kunye nesezantsi, kuphela izithuthi eziphezulu kunye neziphantsi zombane kunye noqwalaselo.
Ngendlela efanayo, i-hub inokuxhotyiswa ngeenjini ezimbini, kwaye ukusebenza kuyafana nalapha ngasentla, kodwa ingqwalasela engakumbi ihlawulwe kuyilo. Ngokubhekiselele kulawulo lwe-elektroniki, ngokude nje ukuba kusetyenziswe i-single-choice kunye nemodi ekwabelwana ngayo, ubukhulu bemoto yenzelwe ngokweemfuno, kwaye ifanelekile kwiimoto ezincinci, iimoto zorhwebo, iibhayisikili zombane, izithuthuthu zombane, njl. ., ngakumbi kwiilori zombane. Kukho umahluko omkhulu phakathi komthwalo onzima kunye nomthwalo olula. Kukho iigiya ezizithumelayo.
Ukusebenzisa iinjini ezingaphezu kwezintathu kulula kakhulu ukwenza, kwaye ukuhanjiswa kwamandla kufanele kube ngokufanelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, umlawuli unokuba nzima ngakumbi. Xa ulawulo olunye lukhethiwe, lusetyenziswa ngokwahlukileyo. Imodi eqhelekileyo ingaba ngu-AB, AC, BC, ABC izinto ezine, izinto ezisixhenxe ezipheleleyo, ezinokuqondwa njengezantya ezisixhenxe, kwaye umlinganiselo wesantya sento nganye uhlukile. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekusetyenzisweni ngumlawuli. Umlawuli ulula kwaye unzima ukuqhuba. Kwakhona kufuneka isebenzisane nomlawuli wesithuthi se-VCU kunye nenkqubo yokulawula ibhetri umlawuli we-BMS ukulungelelanisa kunye nokulawula ngobulumko, okwenza kube lula kumqhubi ukulawula.
Ngokumalunga nokubuyiswa kwamandla, kwixesha elidlulileyo, ukuba isantya semoto yemoto enye yayiphezulu kakhulu, i-magnetic synchronous motor esisigxina yayine-voltage output ye-900 volts kwi-2300 rpm. Ukuba isantya siphezulu kakhulu, umlawuli uya konakala kakhulu. Esi sakhiwo sikwanayo nenkalo eyodwa. Amandla anokuhanjiswa kwiinjini ezimbini, kwaye isantya sabo sokujikeleza asiyi kuba phezulu kakhulu. Ngesantya esiphezulu, iimotor ezimbini zivelisa umbane ngaxeshanye, ngesantya esiphakathi, i-B motor ivelisa umbane, kwaye ngesantya esiphantsi, i-A motor ivelisa umbane, ukuze iphinde ifumaneke kangangoko. I-Braking energy, isakhiwo silula kakhulu, izinga lokubuyisela amandla linokuphuculwa kakhulu, ngokusemandleni kwindawo ephezulu yobuchule, ngelixa i-spare ikwindawo ephantsi, indlela yokufumana ingxelo ephezulu yokusebenza kwamandla phantsi okunjalo. imiqobo yenkqubo, ngelixa iqinisekisa ukunyanzeliswa kwebraking Ukhuseleko kunye nokuguquguquka kwenguqu yenkqubo ngamanqaku oyilo lwesicwangciso solawulo lwengxelo yamandla. Kuxhomekeke kumlawuli okrelekrele ophucukileyo ukuba ayisebenzise kakuhle.
Ngokubhekiselele kukutshatyalaliswa kobushushu, umphumo wokutshatyalaliswa kobushushu beemoto ezininzi mkhulu kakhulu kunemoto enye. Enye i-motor inkulu ngobukhulu, kodwa umthamo weenjini ezininzi zichithwa, indawo engaphezulu inkulu, kwaye ukutshatyalaliswa kobushushu kukhawuleza. Ngokukodwa, ukunciphisa ubushushu kunye nokugcina amandla kungcono.
Ukuba iyasetyenziswa, kwimeko yokusilela kwemoto, imotor engeyiyo impazamo isenokuyiqhuba imoto ukuya kwindawo ekuyiwa kuyo. Enyanisweni, kusekho izibonelelo ezingekafunyanwa. Nantso ubuhle bale teknoloji.
Ukusuka kulo mbono, umlawuli we-VCU wesithuthi, umlawuli we-MCU we-motor MCU kunye nenkqubo yokulawula ibhetri ye-BMS kufuneka nayo iphuculwe ngokufanelekileyo, ngoko akusiyo iphupha ukuba isithuthi sombane sigqithise kwi-curve!
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-24-2022