IiMoto, ezibizwa ngokuba ziimotor zombane, ezikwabizwa ngokuba ziimotor, zixhaphake kakhulu kushishino lwale mihla nakubomi, kwaye zikwazezona zixhobo zibalulekileyo zokuguqula amandla ombane abe ngamandla oomatshini.IiMoto zifakwe kwiimoto, oololiwe abahamba ngesantya esiphezulu, iinqwelomoya, iiinjini zomoya, iirobhothi, iingcango ezizisebenzelayo, iimpompo zamanzi, ii-hard drives kunye neeselfowuni zethu eziqhelekileyo.

Abantu abaninzi abatsha kwiimoto okanye abasanda kufunda ulwazi lokuqhuba iimoto banokuvakalelwa kukuba kunzima ukuqonda ulwazi lweemoto, kwaye babone nezifundo ezifanelekileyo, kwaye babizwa ngokuba "ngababulali betyala".Ukwabelana okuthe saa kulandelayo kunokuvumela abaqalayo ukuba baqonde ngokukhawuleza umgaqo we-AC asynchronous motor.

Umgaqo wemoto: Umgaqo wemoto ulula kakhulu. Ukubeka nje, sisixhobo esisebenzisa amandla ombane ukuvelisa intsimi yamagnetic ejikelezayo kwikhoyili kwaye ityhale i-rotor ukuba ijikeleze.Nabani na oye wafunda umthetho wokungeniswa kwe-electromagnetic induction uyazi ukuba ikhoyili ene-energy iya kunyanzeleka ukuba ijikeleze kumhlaba wamagnetic. Lo ngumgaqo osisiseko wenjini. Olu lulwazi lwefiziksi yesikolo samabanga aphakamileyo.

Ubume beMoto: Nabani na othe waqhaqha i-motor uyazi ukuba i-motor iqulunqwe ngamalungu amabini, inxalenye ye-stator esisigxina kunye ne-rotor ejikelezayo, ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1. Istator (indawo engatshintshiyo)

I-stator core: inxalenye ebalulekileyo yesekethe yamagnetic yemoto, apho i-stator windings ibekwe khona;

I-Stator winding: Yikhoyili, inxalenye yesiphaluka yemoto, edityaniswe kumbane kwaye isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa intsimi yamagnetic ejikelezayo;

Isiseko somatshini: lungisa i-stator core kunye ne-motor end cover, kwaye udlale indima yokukhusela kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kobushushu;

2. Irotha (indawo ejikelezayo)

I-Rotor core: inxalenye ebalulekileyo yesekethe yamagnetic yemoto, i-rotor winding ifakwe kwi-slot engundoqo;

Ukujika kwe-Rotor: ukusika intsimi yemagnethi ejikelezayo ye-stator ukuvelisa amandla e-electromotive kunye nangoku, kwaye yenze i-torque ye-electromagnetic ukujikeleza i-motor;

Iifomyula ezininzi zokubala zenjini:

1. Umbane onxulumeneyo

1) Ifomula ye-electromotive force force ye-motor: E = 4.44 * f * N * Φ, E yi-coil yamandla e-electromotive, f yi-frequency, i-S yindawo enqamlezayo yomqhubi ojikelezileyo (njengentsimbi undoqo), N linani lokujika, kwaye Φ yiPasi yemagnethi.

Indlela ifomyula ivela ngayo, asiyi kukhangela kwezi zinto, siya kubona ubukhulu becala indlela yokuyisebenzisa.Amandla e-electromotive eyenziwe ngondoqo wokungeniswa kwe-electromagnetic. Emva kokuba i-conductor ene-electromotive force induced ivaliwe, i-current induced iya kuveliswa.I-current induced iphantsi kwe-ampere force kwi-magnetic field, idala umzuzu wamagnetic otyhala ikhoyili ukuba ijike.

Kuyaziwa kwifomula engentla ukuba ubukhulu bamandla ombane we-electromotive buhambelana nokuphindaphinda kokunikezelwa kwamandla, inani lokujika kwekhoyili kunye ne-magnetic flux.

Ifomula yokubala yemagnethi eguquguqukayo Φ=B*S*COSθ, xa inqwelomoya enendawo S iqondile ukuya kwicala lemagnethi, i-engile θ ngu-0, COSθ ilingana no-1, kwaye ifomula iba ngu-Φ=B*S. .

Ukudibanisa ezi fomyula zimbini zingasentla, unokufumana ifomyula yokubala ubungakanani bemagnethi ye-motor: B = E / (4.44 * f * N * S).

2) Enye yifomula ye-Ampere force. Ukwazi ukuba angakanani amandla afunyanwa yi-coil, sifuna le fomyula F=I*L*B*sinα, apho ndikhona amandla angoku, uL ubude bomqhubi, B amandla ombane, α yi-angle phakathi isalathiso sangoku kunye nesalathiso semagnethi.Xa ucingo lu-perpendicular kumhlaba wemagnethi, ifomula iba ngu-F=I*L*B (ukuba yi-coil ye-N-turn, i-magnetic flux B yi-total magnetic flux ye-N-turn coil, kwaye akukho kufuneka uphindaphinde uN).

Ukuba uyawazi amandla, uya kuyazi i-torque. I-torque ilingana ne-torque ephindwe nge-radius yesenzo, T = r * F = r * I * B * L (imveliso ye-vector).Ngokusebenzisa iifomyula ezimbini zamandla = amandla * isantya (P = F * V) kunye nesantya somgca V = 2πR * isantya ngesibini (n imizuzwana), ubudlelwane obunamandla bunokusekwa, kunye nefomula elandelayo yeNombolo yesi-3. kufunyanwa.Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba i-torque yemveliso yokwenene isetyenziswe ngeli xesha, ngoko ke amandla okubalwayo yimveliso yamandla.

2. Ifomyula yokubala isantya se-AC motor asynchronous: n = 60f / P, oku kulula kakhulu, isantya silingana nokuphindaphinda kombane wombane, kwaye ngokuphambene nenani lezibini zepali (khumbula isibini ) yenjini, sebenzisa nje ifomula ngqo.Nangona kunjalo, le fomyula eneneni ibala isantya esihambelanayo (isantya esijikelezayo semagnethi), kwaye isantya sokwenyani semoto ye-asynchronous siya kuba sezantsi kancinci kunesantya esihambelanayo, ke sihlala sibona ukuba i-4-pole motor ingaphezulu kwe-1400 rpm, kodwa ngaphantsi kwe-1500 rpm.

3. Ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-torque ye-motor kunye nesantya semitha yamandla: T = 9550P / n (P yi-motor power, n yi-motor speed), enokuthi ithathwe kumxholo weNombolo 1 ngasentla, kodwa akufuneki ukuba sifunde ukubala, khumbula olu balo Ifomula iya kwenza.Kodwa khumbula kwakhona, amandla e-P kwifomula ayilona gunya lokufaka, kodwa amandla aphumayo. Ngenxa yokulahleka kwemoto, amandla okufakwayo awalingani namandla aphumayo.Kodwa iincwadi zihlala zilungelelaniswa, kwaye amandla okufakwayo alingana namandla aphumayo.

4. Amandla eMotor (amandla egalelo):

1) Ifomula yokubala amandla ombane wesigaba esisodwa: P = U * I * cosφ, ukuba i-factor factor 0.8, i-voltage yi-220V, kwaye yangoku yi-2A, ngoko amandla P = 0.22 × 2 × 0.8 = 0.352KW.

2) Ifomula yokubala amandla ombane wesigaba sesithathu: P = 1.732 * U * I * cosφ (cosφ yinto yamandla, u-U ngumbane womthwalo womthwalo, kwaye ndingumgca womthwalo wangoku).Nangona kunjalo, i-U kunye nam yolu hlobo inxulumene nokudityaniswa kwemoto. Kuxhulumaniso lweenkwenkwezi, ekubeni iziphelo eziqhelekileyo zeekhoyili ezintathu ezihlukaniswe yi-voltage ye-120 ° zixhunyiwe kunye ukuze zenze i-0 point, i-voltage elayishwe kwi-coil yomthwalo ngokwenene i-phase-to-phase. Xa kusetyenziswa indlela yokudibanisa i-delta, umgca wamandla udibaniswe ekupheleni kwekhoyili nganye, ngoko ke i-voltage kwi-coil yomthwalo yintambo yombane.Ukuba i-voltage ye-3-phase ye-380V esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenzisiweyo, i-coil yi-220V ekudibaneni kweenkwenkwezi, kwaye i-delta yi-380V, P = U * I = U^ 2 / R, ngoko ke amandla kwi-delta uxhumano ludibaniso lweenkwenkwezi amaxesha amathathu, yiyo loo nto i-motor enamandla kakhulu isebenzisa i-star-delta step-down ukuqala.

Emva kokuqonda le fomyula ingentla kunye nokuqonda ngokucokisekileyo, umgaqo wemoto awuyi kubhideka, kwaye awuyi koyika ukufunda ikhosi ephezulu yokuqhuba imoto.

Ezinye iindawo zenjini

1) Ifeni: ifakwe ngokubanzi kumsila wemoto ukukhupha ubushushu kwimoto;

I-2) Ibhokisi ye-Junction: isetyenziselwa ukudibanisa kumandla ombane, njenge-AC yesigaba sesithathu se-asynchronous motor, inokudityaniswa neenkwenkwezi okanye i-delta ngokweemfuno;

3) Ukuthwala: ukudibanisa iindawo ezijikelezayo kunye nezimileyo zemoto;

4. Isigqubuthelo sokuphela: Isigqubuthelo sangaphambili nangasemva ngaphandle kwenjini sidlala indima exhasayo.

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Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-13-2022