Izithuthi zombane ikakhulu zenziwe ngamacandelo amathathu: inkqubo yokuqhuba imoto, inkqubo yebhetri kunye nenkqubo yokulawula isithuthi. Inkqubo yokuqhuba i-motor yinxalenye eguqula ngokuthe ngqo amandla ombane kumandla omatshini, amisela izalathi zokusebenza zezithuthi zombane. Ke ngoko, ukukhethwa kweenjini zokuqhuba kubaluleke kakhulu.
Kwimekobume yokukhuselwa kwendalo, izithuthi zombane ziye zaba yindawo yophando kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Izithuthi zombane zinokufikelela kwi-zero okanye i-emissions ephantsi kakhulu kwi-traffic yasezidolophini, kwaye ibe neenzuzo ezinkulu kwintsimi yokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo. Onke amazwe asebenza nzima ukuphuhlisa izithuthi zombane. Izithuthi zombane ikakhulu zenziwe ngamacandelo amathathu: inkqubo yokuqhuba imoto, inkqubo yebhetri kunye nenkqubo yokulawula isithuthi. Inkqubo yokuqhuba i-motor yinxalenye eguqula ngokuthe ngqo amandla ombane kumandla omatshini, amisela izalathi zokusebenza zezithuthi zombane. Ke ngoko, ukukhethwa kweenjini zokuqhuba kubaluleke kakhulu.
1. Iimfuno zezithuthi zombane kwiimoto zokuqhuba
Okwangoku, uvavanyo lwentsebenzo yesithuthi sombane ikakhulu luqwalasela ezi zalathisi zintathu zilandelayo:
(1) Ubuninzi bemayile (km): owona mgama mkhulu wesithuthi sombane emva kokuba ibhetri igcwaliswe ngokupheleleyo;
(2) Ukukwazi ukukhawulezisa (s): elona xesha lincinci lifunekayo kwisithuthi sombane ukukhawulezisa ukusuka kwindawo yokumisa ukuya kwisantya esithile;
(3) Esona santya siphezulu (km/h): esona santya siphezulu esinokufikelelwa sisithuthi sombane.
IiMoto ezilungiselelwe iimpawu zokuqhuba izithuthi zombane zineemfuno ezizodwa zokusebenza xa kuthelekiswa neemoto zoshishino:
(1) Imoto yokuqhuba isithuthi sombane ngokuqhelekileyo ifuna iimfuno zokusebenza eziguquguqukayo eziphezulu zokuqalisa rhoqo/ukuma, ukunyusa isantya/ukunciphisa, kunye nolawulo lwetorque;
(2) Ukuze kuncitshiswe ubunzima besithuthi sonke, ukuhanjiswa kwe-multi-speed ngokuqhelekileyo kucinywa, nto leyo efuna ukuba i-motor inokubonelela nge-torque ephezulu ngesantya esiphantsi okanye xa inyuka i-slope, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo inokumelana namaxesha angama-4-5. umthwalo omninzi;
(3) Uluhlu lokulawulwa kwesantya lufunekayo ukuba lube lukhulu ngokusemandleni, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, kuyafuneka ukuba kugcinwe ukusebenza kakuhle kokusebenza ngaphakathi kulo lonke uluhlu lolawulo lwesantya;
(4) I-motor yenzelwe ukuba ibe nesantya esiphezulu sokulinganisa kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, i-aluminium alloy casing isetyenziswa kangangoko kunokwenzeka. I-motor-speed-speed motor incinci ngobukhulu, ehambelana nokunciphisa ubunzima bezithuthi zombane;
(5) Izithuthi zombane kufuneka zibe nokusetyenziswa kakuhle kwamandla kwaye zibe nomsebenzi wokubuyisela amandla e-braking. Amandla afunyenwe ngokuqhoboshwa ngokutsha kufuneka afikelele kwi-10% -20% yamandla ewonke;
(6) Indawo yokusebenza yemoto esetyenziswa kwizithuthi zombane inzima kakhulu kwaye ilukhuni, ifuna ukuba imoto ibe nokuthembeka okuhle kunye nokuguquguquka kokusingqongileyo, kwaye kwangaxeshanye kuqinisekiswe ukuba iindleko zokuvelisa iimoto azikwazi ukuba phezulu kakhulu.
2. Iinjini zokuqhuba ezisetyenziswa rhoqo
2.1 DC motor
Kwinqanaba lokuqala lophuhliso lwezithuthi zombane, uninzi lwezithuthi zombane zisebenzisa iimoto zeDC njengeemoto zokuqhuba. Olu hlobo lobuchwephesha beemoto lukhulile ngokwentelekiso, luneendlela ezilula zokulawula kunye nolawulo olubalaseleyo lwesantya. Yayiyeyona isetyenziswa kakhulu kwibala leenjini zokulawula isantya. . Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yesakhiwo esintsonkothileyo somatshini we-DC motor, njengale: iibhrashi kunye nee-commutators zoomatshini, umthamo wayo wokulayisha ngokukhawuleza kunye nokunyuka okuthe kratya kwesantya semoto kuncinci, kwaye kwimeko yomsebenzi wexesha elide, ulwakhiwo lomatshini i-motor iya kuba Ilahleko iyaveliswa kwaye iindleko zokulondolozwa zinyuswa. Ukongeza, xa i-motor isebenza, iintlantsi ezivela kwiibhrashi zenza i-rotor ifudumale, ilahle amandla, yenza kube nzima ukukhupha ubushushu, kwaye ibangele ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic ephezulu, echaphazela ukusebenza kwesithuthi. Ngenxa yezi ntsilelo zingentla zeemoto ze-DC, izithuthi zombane zangoku ziye zasusa iimoto ze-DC.
2.2 AC motor asynchronous
I-AC ye-asynchronous motor luhlobo lwemoto esetyenziswa kakhulu kushishino. Ibonakaliswe ukuba i-stator kunye ne-rotor i-laminated yi-silicon sheet sheets. Zombini iziphelo zipakishwe ngezigqubuthelo ze-aluminiyam. , ukusebenza okuthembekileyo kunye nokuqina, ukugcinwa lula. Xa kuthelekiswa nemoto ye-DC yamandla afanayo, i-AC asynchronous motor isebenza ngakumbi, kwaye ubunzima bumalunga nesiqingatha esinye. Ukuba indlela yolawulo yolawulo lwe-vector yamkelwe, ulawulo lolawulo kunye noluhlu olubanzi lolawulo lwesantya oluthelekiswa nolo lwemoto ye-DC lunokufumaneka. Ngenxa yeenzuzo zokusebenza okuphezulu, amandla athile aphezulu, kunye nokufaneleka kokusebenza kwesantya esiphezulu, iimotor ze-asynchronous ze-AC zezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiimoto zombane ezinamandla amakhulu. Okwangoku, ii-asynchronous motors ze-AC ziveliswe kwinqanaba elikhulu, kwaye kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeemveliso ezivuthiweyo ongakhetha kuzo. Nangona kunjalo, kwimeko yokusebenza kwesantya esiphezulu, i-rotor ye-motor ishushu kakhulu, kwaye i-motor kufuneka ipholile ngexesha lokusebenza. Kwangaxeshanye, inkqubo yokuqhuba kunye nokulawula i-asynchronous motor inzima kakhulu, kwaye ixabiso lomzimba wemoto liphezulu. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-motor yamagnetic esisigxina kunye nokutshintshela ukungafuni kwiimoto, ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuxinana kwamandla eenjini ze-asynchronous ziphantsi, ezingenakuncedo ekuphuculeni i-mileage enkulu yezithuthi zombane.
2.3 Injini yemagnethi esisigxina
Iimotor zemagnethi ezisisigxina zinokwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezimbini ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo zamaza zangoku zestator windings, enye yibrushless DC motor, ene-rectangular pulse wave current; enye yimagnethi esisigxina ye-synchronous motor, ene-sine wave yangoku. Ezi ntlobo zimbini zeenjini ziyafana kwisakhiwo kunye nomgaqo wokusebenza. I-rotors zimagnethi ezisisigxina, ezinciphisa ilahleko ebangelwa yi-excitation. I-stator ifakwe kunye ne-windings ukuvelisa i-torque ngokusebenzisa i-alternating current, ngoko ke ukupholisa kulula. Ngenxa yokuba olu hlobo lwemoto aludingi ukufaka iibrashi kunye nesakhiwo sokutshintsha oomatshini, akukho zintlantsi zokutshintsha ziya kuveliswa ngexesha lokusebenza, ukusebenza kukhuselekile kwaye kunokwethenjelwa, ukugcinwa kulula, kwaye izinga lokusetyenziswa kwamandla liphezulu.
Inkqubo yokulawula yemoto umazibuthe esisigxina ilula kunenkqubo yolawulo ye-AC asynchronous motor. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuthintelwa kwenkqubo yemagnethi esisigxina, uluhlu lwamandla enjini yemagnethi esisigxina incinci, kwaye amandla aphezulu angamashumi ezigidi kuphela, eyona nto ingalunganga yenjini yemagnethi esisigxina. Kwangaxeshanye, izinto ezisisigxina umazibuthe kwi-rotor ziya kuba nesenzeko sokubola kwamagnetic phantsi kweemeko zobushushu obuphezulu, ukungcangcazela kunye nokugqithisela, ngoko ke phantsi kweemeko ezintsonkothileyo zokusebenza, i-motor esisigxina yemagnethi ithanda ukonakala. Ngaphezu koko, ixabiso lezinto zemagnethi ezisisigxina liphezulu, ngoko ke ixabiso lemoto yonke kunye nenkqubo yokulawula iphezulu.
2.4 Ukutshintsha kweMoto yeReluctance
Njengohlobo olutsha lwemoto, imotor etshintshileyo yokuthandabuza inesona sakhiwo silula xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iintlobo zeenjini zokuqhuba. I-stator kunye ne-rotor zombini zizakhiwo eziphindwe kabini ezenziwe ngamashiti aqhelekileyo e-silicon. Akukho sakhiwo kwi-rotor. I-stator ixhotywe nge-winging elula egxininisiweyo, eneenzuzo ezininzi ezifana nesakhiwo esilula kunye nesiqinileyo, ukuthembeka okuphezulu, ubunzima obulula, ixabiso elincinci, ukusebenza kakuhle, ukunyuka kweqondo lokushisa eliphantsi, kunye nokugcinwa lula. Ngaphezu koko, ineempawu ezibalaseleyo zolawulo olululo lwenkqubo yolawulo lwesantya se-DC, kwaye ilungele iimeko ezingqongileyo ezirhabaxa, kwaye ikulungele kakhulu ukusetyenziswa njengemoto yokuqhuba izithuthi zombane.
Ukuthathela ingqalelo ukuba njengeemoto zombane zokuqhuba iimoto, iinjini zeDC kunye neenjini zemagnethi ezisisigxina zinokuguquguquka okungahambi kakuhle kwisakhiwo kunye nendawo yokusebenza entsonkothileyo, kwaye ziqhelene nokusilela koomatshini kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwemagnethi, eli phepha ligxile ekwazisweni kweemotor eziguqukayo zokungafuni kunye neemotor ze-AC ezingasynchronous. Xa kuthelekiswa nomatshini, uneenzuzo ezicacileyo kule miba ilandelayo.
2.4.1 Ubume bomzimba wenjini
Ulwakhiwo lwe-motor ye-reluctance etshintshiweyo ilula kuneye-squirrel-cage induction motor. Inzuzo yayo ebalaseleyo kukuba akukho ukuvunguza kwi-rotor, kwaye yenziwe kuphela ngamashiti ensimbi ye-silicon eqhelekileyo. Uninzi lwelahleko yemoto yonke igxile kwi-stator winding, eyenza ukuba i-motor ibe lula ukuyenza, ine-insulation efanelekileyo, kulula ukupholisa, kwaye ineempawu ezibalaseleyo zokulahla ubushushu. Esi sakhiwo semoto sinokunciphisa ubungakanani kunye nobunzima bemoto, kwaye inokufumaneka ngevolumu encinci. amandla amakhulu emveliso. Ngenxa yokunyameka komatshini we-rotor ye-motor, iimotor ezitshintshileyo zokuthithisa zinokusetyenziselwa ukusebenza ngesantya esiphezulu.
2.4.2 Motor drive circuit
Isigaba sangoku se-switched reluctance motor drive system si-unidirectional kwaye ayinanto yakwenza nolwalathiso lwe-torque, kwaye isixhobo esinye kuphela sokutshintsha esinokuthi sisetyenziswe ukuhlangabezana nemeko yokusebenza ye-quadrant ye-motor. Isekethe yokuguqula amandla idityaniswe ngokuthe ngqo kuthotho kunye ne-excitation winding ye-motor, kwaye isigaba ngasinye sesekethe sinikezela amandla ngokuzimeleyo. Nangona isigaba esithile somoya okanye umlawuli wemoto uyasilela, kufuneka kuphela ukuyeka ukusebenza kwesigaba ngaphandle kokubangela impembelelo enkulu. Ke ngoko, zombini umzimba wemoto kunye nesiguquli samandla zikhuselekile kwaye zithembekile, ke zifaneleke ngakumbi ukuba zisetyenziswe kwiindawo ezirhabaxa kunoomatshini be-asynchronous.
2.4.3 Imiba yokusebenza kwenkqubo yeemoto
Iimotor ezitshintshileyo ezitshintshileyo zineeparamitha ezininzi zokulawula, kwaye kulula ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ze-quadrant ezine zezithuthi zombane ngokusebenzisa izicwangciso ezifanelekileyo zokulawula kunye noyilo lwenkqubo, kwaye inokugcina isakhono esigqwesileyo sokuqhafaza kwiindawo ezisebenza ngesantya esiphezulu. Iimotor ezitshintshileyo zokuthithisa azikho nje ukusebenza okuphezulu, kodwa zikwagcina ukusebenza kakuhle kuluhlu olubanzi lolawulo lwesantya, olungenakuthelekiswa nezinye iintlobo zeenkqubo zokuqhuba iimoto. Lo msebenzi ufanelekile kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwezithuthi zombane, kwaye kunenzuzo kakhulu ekuphuculeni uluhlu lokuhamba ngeenqwelo zombane.
3. Isiphelo
Ingqwalasela yeli phepha kukubeka phambili iingenelo zokutshintsha kwemoto yokungafuni njengemoto yokuqhuba izithuthi zombane ngokuthelekisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokulawula isantya semoto ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo, eziyindawo yophando kuphuhliso lwezithuthi zombane. Kolu hlobo lweemoto ezikhethekileyo, kusekho indawo eninzi yophuhliso kwizicelo ezisebenzayo. Abaphandi kufuneka benze iinzame ezingakumbi zokwenza uphando lwethiyori, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, kuyimfuneko ukudibanisa iimfuno zentengiso ukukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kolu hlobo lweemoto ekusebenzeni.
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-24-2022