Ukuhlalisana kwabantu kunye nokusingqongileyo kunye nophuhliso oluzinzileyo loqoqosho lwehlabathi kwenza abantu bazimisele ukufuna indlela yokuthutha ephantsi kunye nemithombo yobutyebi, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwezithuthi zombane ngokungathandabuzekiyo kuyisisombululo esithembisayo.
Iimoto zombane zanamhlanje ziimveliso ezibanzi ezidibanisa ubuchwephesha obuphezulu obufana nombane, izinto zombane, ulawulo loomatshini, isayensi yezinto, kunye nobuchwepheshe bekhemikhali. Ukusebenza ngokubanzi kokusebenza, uqoqosho, njl. okokuqala kuxhomekeke kwinkqubo yebhetri kunye nenkqubo yokulawula i-motor drive. Inkqubo yokuqhuba isithuthi sombane ngokubanzi iqulathe iindawo ezine eziphambili, ezizezi, isilawuli. Iziguquli zamandla, ii-motor kunye ne-sensor. Okwangoku, iimotor ezisetyenziswa kwizithuthi zombane ngokubanzi zibandakanya iimotor zeDC, iimotor induction, switched reluctance motors, kunye nemagnethi esisigxina yeemotor.
1. Iimfuno ezisisiseko zezithuthi zombane kwiimoto zombane
Ukusebenza kwezithuthi zombane, ngokungafaniyo nezicelo zamashishini ngokubanzi, kunzima kakhulu. Ke ngoko, iimfuno zenkqubo yokuqhuba ziphezulu kakhulu.
1.1 Iimoto zezithuthi zombane kufuneka zibe neempawu zamandla amakhulu ngokukhawuleza, umthamo ogqithisiweyo oqinileyo, i-coefficient ye-3 ukuya kwe-4), ukusebenza kakuhle kokukhawuleza kunye nobomi benkonzo ende.
1.2 IiMoto zezithuthi zombane kufuneka zibe noluhlu olubanzi lolawulo lwesantya, kubandakanywa indawo yetorque engaguqukiyo kunye nommandla wamandla ongaguqukiyo. Kwindawo ye-torque eqhubekayo, i-torque ephezulu iyadingeka xa ibaleka ngesantya esiphantsi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokuqala nokunyuka; kwindawo yamandla eqhubekayo, isantya esiphezulu siyafuneka xa i-torque ephantsi ifuneka ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokuqhuba ngesantya esiphezulu kwiindlela ezithe tyaba. Funa.
I-1.3 Imoto yombane yezithuthi zombane kufuneka ikwazi ukuqaphela ukunyanzeliswa kwe-regenerative xa isithuthi sinciphisa, sibuyise kwaye sibuyisele amandla ebhetri, ukwenzela ukuba isithuthi sombane sibe neyona ndlela ingcono yokusetyenziswa kwamandla, engenakho ukufezekiswa kwi-injini yemoto yangaphakathi. .
1.4 Imoto yombane yezithuthi zombane kufuneka ibe nokusebenza okuphezulu kulo lonke uluhlu olusebenzayo, ukwenzela ukuba kuphuculwe uluhlu lokuhamba ngentlawulo enye.
Ukongeza, kuyafuneka ukuba i-motor yombane yezithuthi zombane inokuthembeka okulungileyo, inokusebenza ixesha elide kwindawo enzima, inesakhiwo esilula kwaye ifanelekile ukuveliswa kobuninzi, inomsindo ophantsi ngexesha lokusebenza, kulula ukuyisebenzisa. kunye nokugcina, kwaye kutshiphu.
Iintlobo ze-2 kunye neendlela zokulawula iiMoto zoMbane kwiZithuthi zoMbane
2.1 DC
IiMotor Ezona zinto ziluncedo kwiinjini ze-DC ezixutyiweyo lulawulo olulula kunye nobuchwepheshe obuqolileyo. Ineempawu ezibalaseleyo zolawulo ezingenakuthelekiswa neenjini ze-AC. Kwizithuthi zombane eziphuhlisiwe kwangoko, iimoto zeDC zisetyenziswa kakhulu, kwaye nangoku, ezinye iimoto zombane zisaqhutywa ziimoto zeDC. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yobukho beebrashi kunye nee-commutators zoomatshini, ayithinteli kuphela ukuphuculwa ngakumbi komthamo wemoto kunye nesantya, kodwa ifuna ukugcinwa rhoqo kunye nokutshintshwa kweebhrashi kunye nee-commutators ukuba zihamba ixesha elide. Ukongezelela, ekubeni ilahleko ikhona kwi-rotor, kunzima ukutshabalalisa ubushushu, okunciphisa ukuphuculwa ngakumbi kwe-motor torque-to-mass ratio. Ngenxa yezi ziphene zingentla zeemoto ze-DC, iinjini ze-DC azisetyenziswanga kwizithuthi zombane ezisanda kuphuhliswa.
2.2 I-AC yenqanaba lesithathu le-motor induction
2.2.1 Ukusebenza okusisiseko kwe-AC yenqanaba lesithathu lemoto yokungenisa
Iimotor zesigaba sesithathu zeAC zezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu. I-stator kunye ne-rotor i-laminated kunye namaphepha ensimbi ye-silicon, kwaye akukho zindandatho ze-slip, abahambisi kunye namanye amacandelo adibanisa omnye nomnye phakathi kwe-stators. Isakhiwo esilula, ukusebenza okuthembekileyo kunye nokuqina. Ukugubungela amandla ombane wokungeniswa kwe-AC kubanzi kakhulu, kwaye isantya sifikelela kwi-12000 ~ 15000r/min. Ukupholisa umoya okanye ukupholisa ulwelo kungasetyenziswa, kunye neqondo eliphezulu lenkululeko yokupholisa. Inokwazi ukuziqhelanisa nokusingqongileyo kwaye inokuqonda ukunyanzeliswa kwengxelo ehlaziyiweyo. Xa kuthelekiswa namandla efanayo motor DC, ukusebenza kakuhle iphezulu, umgangatho kuncitshiswa malunga nesiqingatha, ixabiso cheap, kunye nokugcinwa lula.
2.2.2 Inkqubo yolawulo
ye-AC ye-motor induction motor Ngenxa yokuba i-AC yesigaba sesithathu se-motor induction ayikwazi ukusebenzisa ngokuthe ngqo amandla e-DC anikezelwa yibhetri, kwaye i-AC yesigaba sesithathu se-motor induction ineempawu ze-nonlinear zokuphuma. Ke ngoko, kwisithuthi sombane usebenzisa i-AC yenqanaba lesithathu le-motor induction, kuyafuneka ukuba kusetyenziswe isixhobo samandla semiconductor kwi-inverter ukuguqula umbane othe ngqo ube ngumbane otshintshayo onokuthi uhlengahlengiso kunye ne-amplitude ukuze uqonde ulawulo lwe-AC. inqanaba lesithathu motor. Kukho ubukhulu becala v/f indlela yokulawula kunye nendlela yokulawula ukutyibilika.
Ukusebenzisa indlela yokulawula i-vector, i-frequency ye-alternating current ye-excitation winding ye-AC yesigaba sesithathu se-motor induction kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwe-terminal yegalelo le-AC yesigaba sesithathu se-motor induction ilawulwa, i-flux magnetic kunye ne-torque yendawo ejikelezayo yamagnetic. ye-AC yesigaba sesithathu se-motor induction ilawulwa, kwaye utshintsho lwe-AC lwesigaba sesithathu se-motor induction luyenziwa. Isantya kunye ne-torque ephumayo inokuhlangabezana neemfuno zeempawu zokutshintsha umthwalo, kwaye inokufumana eyona nto isebenzayo, ukwenzela ukuba i-AC yesigaba sesithathu se-motor induction isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwizithuthi zombane.
2.2.3 Iintsilelo ze
I-AC yesigaba sesithathu se-motor induction Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla e-AC yesigaba sesithathu se-motor induction sikhulu, kwaye i-rotor kulula ukuyitshisa. Kuyimfuneko ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukupholisa kwe-AC yesigaba sesithathu se-motor induction ngexesha lokusebenza ngesantya esiphezulu, ngaphandle koko i-motor iya konakala. Amandla ombane we-AC yenqanaba lesithathu le-motor induction iphantsi, ukuze igalelo lamandla esixhobo sokuguqula i-frequency kunye nesixhobo sokuguqula i-voltage nayo iphantsi, ngoko ke kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa isixhobo esikhulu sokuguqula amaza kunye nesixhobo sokuguqula umbane. Iindleko zenkqubo yokulawula ye-AC yesigaba sesithathu se-motor induction iphezulu kakhulu kune-AC yesigaba sesithathu se-motor induction ngokwayo, eyandisa iindleko zesithuthi sombane. Ukongeza, ukulawulwa kwesantya se-AC yenqanaba lesithathu lemoto yokungeniswa kukwabi.
2.3 Umazibuthe osisigxina brushless DC motor
2.3.1 Ukusebenza okusisiseko kwemagnethi esisigxina brushless DC motor
Imagnethi esisigxina brushless motor motor yimoto ephezulu yokusebenza. Olona phawu lwayo kukuba ineempawu zangaphandle zemoto ye-DC ngaphandle kolwakhiwo lokunxibelelana ngoomatshini oluqulunqwe ngeebhrashi. Ukongeza, ithatha i-rotor yamagnetic esisigxina, kwaye akukho lahleko yokuvuselela: i-armature winding efudumeleyo ifakwe kwi-stator yangaphandle, ekulula ukukhupha ukushisa. Ke ngoko, imagnethi esisigxina yebrushless DC motor ayinazo iintlantsi zokutshintsha, akukho siphazamiso sikanomathotholo, ubomi obude kunye nokusebenza okuthembekileyo. , ukugcinwa lula. Ukongeza, isantya salo asikhawulelwanga kukuguquguquka koomatshini, kwaye ukuba iibheringi zomoya okanye iibheringi zokumiswa kwemagneti zisetyenzisiwe, zinokubaleka ukuya kuthi ga kumakhulu amawaka aphindwe kabini ngomzuzu. Xa kuthelekiswa nemagnethi esisigxina yebrushless DC motor system, inoxinano lwamandla aphezulu kunye nokusebenza kakuhle okuphezulu, kwaye inethemba lokusebenzisa kakuhle kwizithuthi zombane.
2.3.2 Inkqubo yolawulo lwemagnethi esisigxina brushless DC motor
umazibuthe oqhelekileyo osisigxina brushless DC motor yinkqubo yolawulo quasi-decoupling vector. Ekubeni umazibuthe osisigxina unokuvelisa kuphela intsimi yemagnethi esisigxina, imagnethi esisigxina ye-brushless DC ibaluleke kakhulu. Ifanelekile ukuba iqhube kwingingqi ye-torque rhoqo, ngokuqhelekileyo isebenzisa ulawulo lwangoku lwe-hysteresis okanye uhlobo lwangoku lwempendulo ye-SPWM indlela yokugqiba. Ukuze ukwandisa ngakumbi isantya, imagnethi esisigxina brushless DC motor nako ukusebenzisa intsimi buthathaka ulawulo. Undoqo wolawulo olubuthathaka kukuqhubela phambili i-engile yesigaba senqanaba langoku ukubonelela nge-axis demagnetization enokuthi isebenze ukwenza buthathaka unxibelelwano lwe-flux kwi-stator winding.
2.3.3 Ukungoneli kwe
Imagnethi esisigxina Brushless DC Motor Imagnethi esisigxina brushless motor DC iyachaphazeleka kwaye ithintelwe yinkqubo yemagnethi esisigxina, eyenza uluhlu lwamandla lwemagnethi esisigxina brushless DC motor encinci, kwaye amandla aphezulu ngamashumi kilowatts kuphela. Xa izinto zemagnethi ezisisigxina ziphantsi kokungcangcazela, ubushushu obuphezulu kunye nomthwalo ogqithileyo wangoku, ukufikeleleka kwayo kumagnetic kunokuncipha okanye kunciphe, okuya kunciphisa ukusebenza kwemoto umazibuthe esisigxina, kwaye konakalise imoto kwiimeko ezinzima. Ukulayisha ngaphezulu akwenzeki. Kwimowudi yamandla engaguqukiyo, imagnethi esisigxina brushless DC motor intsonkothile ukusebenza kwaye ifuna inkqubo yolawulo entsonkothileyo, leyo eyenza inkqubo drive yemagnethi esisigxina brushless DC motor ibiza kakhulu.
2.4 Ukutshintsha kweMoto yeReluctance
2.4.1 UMsebenzi oSisiseko weMoto eTshitshiweyo yokuReluctance
I-motor ye-reluctance etshintshiweyo luhlobo olutsha lwenjini. Inkqubo inezinto ezininzi ezicacileyo: isakhiwo sayo silula kunayo nayiphi na enye i-motor, kwaye akukho zindandatho ze-slip, i-windings kunye neemagnethi ezisisigxina kwi-rotor ye-motor, kodwa kuphela kwi-stator. Kukho i-winding elula egxininiswe, iziphelo zokuphefumula zifutshane, kwaye akukho jumper ye-interphase, ekulula ukuyigcina kunye nokulungisa. Ngoko ke, ukuthembeka kulungile, kwaye isantya sinokufikelela kwi-15000 r / min. Ukusebenza kakuhle kunokufikelela kwi-85% ukuya kwi-93%, ephezulu kuneemotor ze-AC induction. Ukulahlekelwa ikakhulu kwi-stator, kwaye i-motor kulula ukupholisa; i-rotor yimagnethi esisigxina, enoluhlu olubanzi lolawulo lwesantya kunye nolawulo oluguquguqukayo, olulula ukufikelela kwiimfuno ezizodwa ezikhethekileyo zeempawu ze-torque-speed, kunye nokugcina ukusebenza okuphezulu kuluhlu olubanzi. Kufanelekile ngakumbi kwiimfuno zokusebenza kwamandla ezithuthi zombane.
2.4.2 Inkqubo yokulawula iimoto ezingafuniyo
I-motor yokungafuni ukutshintshiselwa inezinga eliphezulu leempawu ezingabonakaliyo, ngoko ke, inkqubo yayo yokuqhuba inzima kakhulu. Inkqubo yayo yokulawula iquka umguquli wamandla.
a. Ukonwatyiswa koxinzelelo lwemotor etshintshileyo yokungafuni kwesiguquli samandla, kungakhathaliseki ukuba i-current current okanye i-reverse current, ulwalathiso lwe-torque luhlala lungatshintshi, kwaye ixesha liguqulwa. Isigaba ngasinye sifuna kuphela ityhubhu yokutshintsha amandla kunye nomthamo omncinci, kwaye isekethe yokuguqula amandla ilula ngokulula, akukho kusilela ngokuthe tye, ukuthembeka okuhle, kulula ukuphumeza isiqalo esithambileyo kunye nokusebenza kweequadrant ezine kwenkqubo, kunye nokukwazi ukunyathela ezomeleleyo zokuvuselela amandla. . Iindleko ziphantsi kunenkqubo yokulawula inverter ye-AC yesigaba sesithathu se-motor induction.
b. Umlawuli
Umlawuli uquka i-microprocessors, iisekethe ze-digital logic kunye namanye amacandelo. Ngokutsho kwegalelo lomyalelo ngumqhubi, i-microprocessor ihlalutya kwaye iqhuba indawo yerotor yemoto eyondliwe ngumtshina wesikhundla kunye nomtshina wangoku ngaxeshanye, kwaye yenza izigqibo ngephanyazo, kwaye ikhuphe uthotho lwemiyalelo yophumezo lawula ukutshintshwa kwenjini yokungafuni. Ukulungelelanisa ukusebenza kwezithuthi zombane phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo. Ukusebenza komlawuli kunye nokuguquguquka kohlengahlengiso kuxhomekeke kwintsebenziswano yokusebenza phakathi kwesoftware kunye nehardware yemicroprocessor.
c. Isikhangeli sokuma
Iimotor ezitshintshileyo ezitshintshileyo zifuna i-detectors ye-high-precision position detectors ukubonelela inkqubo yokulawula kunye neempawu zokutshintsha kwindawo, isantya kunye ne-current ye-motor rotor, kwaye ifuna i-frequency ephezulu yokutshintsha ukunciphisa ingxolo ye-motor yokungafuni ukutshintshela.
2.4.3 Iintsilelo kwiiMoto eziTshintshiweyo zokuLwa iReluctance
Inkqubo yokulawula i-motor yokungafuni ukutshintshela yinto encinci ngakumbi kuneenkqubo zokulawula ezinye iinjini. Umtshina wesikhundla yinxalenye ephambili yemoto etshintshileyo yokungafuni, kwaye ukusebenza kwayo kunempembelelo ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kokulawulwa kokutshintsha kwemoto yokungafuni. Kuba imotor eguqukayo yokungafuni ukuya isisisakhiwo esiphindwe kabini, kukho ukuguquguquka kwetorque ngokungenakuthintelwa, kwaye ingxolo yeyona nto ingalunganga yemoto yokungafuni. Nangona kunjalo, uphando olwenziwa kwiminyaka yakutshanje lubonise ukuba ingxolo yemoto yokuthandabuza etshintshileyo inokucinezelwa ngokupheleleyo ngokwamkela uyilo olufanelekileyo, ukuvelisa kunye nokulawula itekhnoloji.
Ukongeza, ngenxa yokuguquguquka okukhulu kwetorque ye-torque etshintshileyo yemoto yokuthandabuza kunye nokuguquguquka okukhulu kwe-DC yangoku yokuguqula amandla, i-capacitor enkulu yokucoca kufuneka ifakwe kwibhasi ye-DC.Iimoto zamkele iinjini zombane ezahlukeneyo kumaxesha ahlukeneyo embali, zisebenzisa i-DC motor ngeyona ndlela isebenzayo yokulawula kunye neendleko eziphantsi. Ngophuhliso oluqhubekayo lobuchwepheshe beemoto, iteknoloji yokuvelisa oomatshini, iteknoloji ye-elektroniki yamandla kunye neteknoloji yokulawula okuzenzekelayo, iimotor ze-AC. Imagnethi esisigxina yeemotor zeDC kunye neemotor ezitshintshileyo zokungafuni zibonisa ukusebenza okuphezulu kwiimoto zeDC, kwaye ezi motor ngokuthe ngcembe zithatha indawo yeenjini zeDC kwizithuthi zombane. Itheyibhile 1 ithelekisa ukusebenza okusisiseko kweenjini ezahlukeneyo zombane ezisetyenziswa kwizithuthi zombane zanamhlanje. Okwangoku, iindleko zokutshintshana kweenjini zangoku, iimotor zemagnethi ezisisigxina, iimotor ezitshintshileyo zokuthithisa kunye nezixhobo zazo zokulawula zisephezulu. Emva kokuveliswa kobuninzi, amaxabiso ezi motors kunye nezixhobo zokulawula iiyunithi ziya kuncipha ngokukhawuleza, eziza kuhlangabezana neemfuno zenzuzo yezoqoqosho kwaye zenze ixabiso leemoto zombane liyancipha.
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-24-2022