Enjene e sebetsang hantle haholo ke eng? Enjene e tloaelehileng: 70% ~ 95% ea matla a motlakase a nkiloeng ke enjene e fetoloa matla a mochini (boleng ba ts'ebetso ke sesupo sa bohlokoa sa koloi), 'me karolo e setseng ea 30% ~ 5% ea matla a motlakase e sebelisoa ke motlakase. motlakase ka boeona ka lebaka la ho hlahisa mocheso, tahlehelo ea mechine, joalo-joalo Kahoo karolo ena ea matla e senyeha. Enjene e sebetsang hantle haholo: e bua ka enjene e nang le sekhahla sa tšebeliso e phahameng ea matla, 'me ts'ebetso ea eona e sebetsa hantle e lokela ho fihlela litlhoko tsa boemo bo nepahetseng ba matla. Bakeng sa li-motors tse tloaelehileng, keketseho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea 1% ea katleho ha se mosebetsi o bonolo, 'me thepa e tla eketseha haholo. Ha matla a motlakase a fihla boleng bo itseng, ho sa tsotellehe hore na ho kenyelletsoa lintho tse ngata hakae, ho ke ke ha ntlafatsoa. Boholo ba li-motor tse sebetsang hantle 'marakeng kajeno ke moloko o mocha oa li-asynchronous motors tsa mekhahlelo e meraro, e bolelang hore molao-motheo oa ho sebetsa ha oa fetoha. Li-motor tse sebetsang hantle haholo li ntlafatsa katleho ea tlhahiso ka ho fokotsa tahlehelo ea matla a motlakase, matla a mocheso le matla a mochini ka ho amohela moralo o mocha oa enjene, theknoloji e ncha le lisebelisoa tse ncha. Ha ho bapisoa le li-motor tse tloaelehileng, phello ea ho boloka matla ea ho sebelisa li-motor tse sebetsang hantle haholo e hlakile haholo. Hangata, katleho e ka eketsoa ka karolelano ea 3% ho isa ho 5%. Naheng ea heso, matla a matla a motlakase a arotsoe ka mekhahlelo e 3, eo matla a matla a boemo ba 1 e leng eona e phahameng ka ho fetisisa. Lits'ebetsong tsa 'nete tsa boenjiniere, hangata, enjene e sebetsang hantle haholo e bua ka enjene eo matla a eona a sebetsang hantle a kopanang le maemo a naha a tlamang a GB 18613-2020 "Meeli ea Ts'ebetso ea Matla le Mekhahlelo ea Ts'ebetso ea Matla a Motlakase oa Motlakase" le kaholimo ho index ea ts'ebetso ea matla ea Level 2, kapa e kenyelelitsoe ho "Lihlahisoa tse Pholosang Matla a Tsoelang Molemo Morero oa Batho" Lethathamo la li-motor" le tsona li ka nkoa e le tse finyellang litlhoko tsa li-motor tse sebetsang hantle haholo. Ka hona, phapang pakeng tsa li-motor tse sebetsang hantle haholo le li-motor tse tloaelehileng li bonahala haholo-holo lintlheng tse peli: 1. Katleho. Li-motor tse sebetsang hantle haholo li fokotsa tahlehelo ka ho sebelisa linomoro tse loketseng tsa stator le rotor slot, li-parameter tsa fan, le mapheo a sinusoidal. Ts'ebetso e ntle ho feta ea li-motors tse tloaelehileng. Li-motor tse sebetsang hantle haholo li phahame ka 3% ho feta li-motor tse tloaelehileng ka karolelano, 'me li-motor tse sebetsang hantle haholo li batla li phahame ka 5% ka karolelano. . 2. Tšebeliso ea matla. Ha ho bapisoa le li-motor tse tloaelehileng, tšebeliso ea matla ea li-motor tse sebetsang hantle haholo e fokotsehile ka hoo e ka bang 20% ka karolelano, athe tšebeliso ea matla ea li-motor tse sebetsang hantle haholo e fokotsehile ho feta 30% ha e bapisoa le likoloi tse tloaelehileng. Joalo ka lisebelisoa tsa motlakase tse nang le ts'ebeliso e kholo ea motlakase naheng ea heso, li-motors li sebelisoa haholo ho lipompo, li-fan, li-compressor, metjhini ea phetisetso, joalo-joalo, 'me tšebeliso ea bona ea motlakase e nka karolo e fetang 60% ea ts'ebeliso ea motlakase sechabeng sohle. Mothating ona, boemo bo sebetsang ba li-motor tse sebetsang hantle haholo 'marakeng ke IE3, e ka ntlafatsang ts'ebetso ea matla ka ho feta 3% ha e bapisoa le li-motor tse tloaelehileng. "Leano la Ts'ebetso bakeng sa ho Chesoa ha Carbon Peaking Pele ho 2030" le fanoeng ke Lekhotla la Naha le hloka hore lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa tse jang motlakase joalo ka lienjineri, li-fan, lipompo le li-compressor li khothaletsoe ho boloka matla le ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso, ho khothaletsa lihlahisoa le lisebelisoa tse tsoetseng pele le tse sebetsang hantle haholo. , ho potlakisa ho felisoa ha lisebelisoa tsa morao-rao le tse sa sebetseng hantle, le ho ntlafatsa katleho ea indasteri le ea kaho. Li-terminals, tšebeliso ea matla a mahaeng, boemo ba motlakase oa tsamaiso ea terene. Ka nako e ts'oanang, "Morero oa Ntlafatso ea Ts'ebetso ea Matla a Motlakase (2021-2023)" e fanoeng ka kopanelo ke Lekala la Indasteri le Theknoloji ea Boitsebiso le Tsamaiso ea Naha bakeng sa Taolo ea 'Maraka e boletse ka ho hlaka hore ka 2023, tlhahiso ea selemo le selemo ea li-motor tse sebetsang hantle haholo li lokela ho etsoa. ho fihla ho limilione tse 170 kilowatts. Tekanyo e lokela ho ba ho feta 20%. Ho potlakisa ho felisoa ha li-motor tse sa sebetseng hantle ts'ebetsong le ho khothaletsa ka matla tlhahiso le ts'ebeliso ea lisebelisoa tsa makoloi tse sebetsang hantle haholo ke litsela tsa bohlokoa tsa hore naha ea heso e fihlelle tlhoro ea khabone ka 2030 le ho se nke lehlakore ha khabone ka 2060.
Tsoelopele e potlakileng ea indasteri ea makoloi ea naha ea heso e sebetsang hantle haholo le kholiso le tšebeliso ea phokotso ea khabone e fihletse litholoana tse babatsehang. indasteri ea likoloi ea naha ea heso e kholo ka tekanyo. Ho ea ka lipalo-palo, tlhahiso ea likoloi tsa naha ea indasteri ka 2020 e tla ba li-kilowatts tse limilione tse 323. Likhoebo tsa ho etsa likoloi li ajoa haholo Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Fujian, Shandong, Shanghai, Liaoning, Guangdong le Henan. Palo ea likhoebo tsa tlhahiso ea makoloi liprofinseng le litoropong tse robeli e etsa hoo e ka bang 85% ea kakaretso ea likhoebo tsa tlhahiso ea makoloi naheng ea heso.
tlhahiso e phahameng ea motlakase ea naha ea heso le ho tuma le ho sebelisoa ha likoloi ho fihletse liphello tse tsotehang. Ho ea ka "White Paper on High-Efficiency Promotion Projects", tlhahiso ea likoloi tse sebetsang hantle haholo le li-motor tse nchafalitsoeng naheng ea heso e eketsehile ho tloha ho li-kilowatts tse limilione tse 20.04 ka 2017 ho ea ho li-kilowatts tse limilione tse 105 ka 2020, tseo tlhahiso ea tsona e sebetsang hantle haholo. Motors e nyolohile ho tloha ho li-kilowatts tse limilione tse 19.2 ho ea ho li-kilowatt tse limilione tse 102.7. Palo ea bahlahisi ba makoloi a sebetsang hantle haholo le e tsosolositsoeng e eketsehile ho tloha ho 355 ka 2017 ho ea ho 1,091 ka 2020, e ikarabellang bakeng sa karolo ea bahlahisi ba makoloi ho tloha ho 13.1% ho ea ho 40.4%. Sistimi ea phepelo ea makoloi e sebetsang hantle haholo le 'maraka oa thekiso e ntse e tsoela pele ho phethahala. Palo ea bafani le barekisi e eketsehile ho tloha ho 380 ka 2017 ho ea ho 1,100 ka 2020, 'me theko ea thekiso ka 2020 e tla fihla ho li-kilowatts tse limilione tse 94. Palo ea lik'hamphani tse sebelisang li-motor tse sebetsang hantle haholo le li-motor tse nchafalitsoeng li ntse li eketseha. Palo ea lik'hamphani tse sebelisang lienjene tse sebetsang hantle haholo e eketsehile ho tloha ho 69,300 ka 2017 ho ea ho tse fetang 94,000 ka 2020, 'me palo ea lik'hamphani tse sebelisang likoloi tse entsoeng bocha e eketsehile ho tloha ho 6,500 ho ea ho 10,500. .
Ho tuma le ho sebelisoa ha li-motor tse sebetsang hantle haholo ho fihletse litholoana tse ntle tsa ho boloka matla le ho fokotsa khabone. Ho ea ka likhakanyo, ho tloha ka 2017 ho ea ho 2020, ho boloka matla a selemo le selemo a ts'ebetso e phahameng ea motlakase ho tla eketseha ho tloha ho 2.64 limilione tse likete ho ea ho 10.7 limilione tse likete, 'me ho boloka matla a mangata ho tla ba 49.2 billion kWh; phokotso ea selemo le selemo ea tlhahiso ea carbon dioxide e tla nyoloha ho tloha ho lithane tse limilione tse 2,07 ho ea ho lithane tse limilione tse 14,9. Kakaretso ea lithane tse fetang limilione tse 30 tsa khase ea carbon dioxide e fokotsehile.
naha ea heso e nka mehato e mengata ho khothaletsa likoloi tse sebetsang hantle haholo naha ea heso e nka bohlokoa bo boholo ntlafatsong ea ts'ebetso ea matla a makoloi le kholiso ea likoloi tse sebetsang hantle haholo, e fane ka maano a 'maloa a amanang le likoloi, le ho kenya tšebetsong mehato e mengata ea ntlafatso ka botlalo.
▍Kalipehelo tsa tataiso ea lipolotiki,tsepamisa maikutlo ho ntlafatseng matla a matla a li-motor le litsamaiso tsa tsona, le ho felisa li-motor tse sa sebetseng hantle. Tataisa le ho khothaletsa likhoebo ho felisa lienjineri tse sa sebetseng hantle haholo ka tlhokomelo ea paballo ea matla liindastering, meralo ea ntlafatso ea matla a makoloi, le tokollo ea “Lethathamo la Pheliso ea Thepa ea Motlakase (Lihlahisoa) e Phahameng ea Tšebeliso ea Motlakase oa Nako e Fetileng”. Nakong ea "Leano la Lilemo tse Hlano la 13", ho ile ha etsoa tlhahlobo e khethehileng mabapi le tlhahiso le tšebeliso ea lihlahisoa tsa bohlokoa tse senyang matla tse kang li-motor le lipompo ho ntlafatsa matla a matla a li-motor. Ho ile ha fumanoa lienjene tse ka bang 150 000 tse sa sebetseng hantle, 'me lik'hamphani li ile tsa laeloa hore li lokisoe ka nako e itseng.
▍Kalipehelo tsa tataiso e tloaelehileng,Tekanyetso e sebetsang hantle ea matla a enjene ea sebelisoa 'me leibole e sebetsang hantle ea enjene ea kenngoa ts'ebetsong. Ka 2020, ho ile ha fanoa ka maemo a naha a tlamang "Maemo a Amohelehang a Ts'ebetso ea Matla le Ts'ebetso ea Matla a Motlakase" (GB 18613-2020), e ileng ea nkela sebaka sa "Litekanyetso tse Amohelehang tsa Matla le Ts'ebetso ea Matla a Manyane le a Mahareng - boholo ba mekhahlelo e meraro ea Asynchronous Motors" (GB 1 8 6 1 3 - 2 0 1 2) le "Maemo a lumellehang a Matla a Matla le Lihlopheng tsa Matla a Motlakase a Nyenyane" (GB 25958-2010). Ho lokollwa le ho kenngwa tshebetsong ha maemo ho phahamisitse maemo a tlase a naha ya heso a sebetsang hantle a matla a IE2 ho fihla maemong a IE3, a qobella bahlahisi ba makoloi ho hlahisa dienjene tse hodimo ho boemo ba IE3, le ho tswela pele ho kgothalletsa tlhahiso ya dienjene tse sebetsang hantle haholo le keketseho ya karolo ya mmaraka. Ka nako e ts'oanang, li-motor tse rekisoang li hlokoa hore li khomarele li-labels tsa morao-rao tse sebetsang hantle, e le hore bareki ba ka utloisisa ka ho hlaka boemo ba katleho ea likoloi tse rekiloeng.
▍ Mabapi le mesebetsi ea phatlalatso le papatso,ho lokolla likhakanyo tsa papatso, ho etsa koetliso ea tekheniki, le ho hlophisa mesebetsi e kang "ho kenya lits'ebeletso tsa ho boloka matla likhoebong". Ka tokollo ea lihlopha tse tšeletseng tsa ""Lihlahisoa tse Pholosang Matla tse Ruisang Morero oa Batho" Catalogue ea Phatlalatso ea Likoloi tse Phahameng ka ho Fetisisa", lihlopha tse hlano tsa "National Industrial Energy-Saving Technology Equipment Catalogue", lihlopha tse leshome tsa ""Energy Efficiency Star" Product. Catalogue”, lihlopha tse supileng tsa “The Equipment Electromechanical Equipment (Lihlahisoa) Recommended Catalog”, e khothaletsa lienjineri tse sebetsang hantle haholo le lisebelisoa tse bolokang matla le lihlahisoa tse sebelisang lienjene tse sebetsang hantle sechabeng, le ho tataisa likhoebo ho sebelisa lienjene tse sebetsang hantle haholo. Ka nako e ts'oanang, "Remanufacturing Product Catalogue" e ile ea lokolloa ho khothaletsa ho nchafatsoa ha li-motor tse sa sebetseng hantle hore e be li-motor tse sebetsang hantle haholo le ho ntlafatsa boemo ba tšebeliso ea lisebelisoa. Bakeng sa basebetsi ba tsamaiso e amanang le makoloi le basebetsi ba tsamaiso ea matla ba likhoebo tsa bohlokoa tse sebelisang matla, hlophisa linako tse ngata tsa koetliso mabapi le mekhoa ea ho boloka matla a likoloi. Ka 2021, Lekala la Indasteri le Theknoloji ea Boitsebiso le lona le tla hlophisa likarolo tse amehang ho tšoara mesebetsi e 34 ea "ho baballa matla likhoebong".
▍Kamaemo a litšebeletso tsa tekheniki,hlophisa lihlopha tse tharo tsa lits'ebeletso tsa tlhahlobo ea ho boloka matla a indasteri. Ho tloha ka selemo sa 2019 ho isa bofelong ba 2021, Lekala la Indasteri le Theknoloji ea Tlhahisoleseding le ile la hlophisa litsi tsa litšebeletso tsa mokha oa boraro bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea ho boloka matla ho etsa tlhahlobo ea ho boloka matla likhoebong tse 20,000, le ho lekola boemo ba ts'ebetso ea matla le ts'ebetso ea 'nete ea lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa tsa motlakase tse joalo. e le li-motor, lifens, li-compressor tsa moea le lipompo. Ho thusa likhoebo ho tseba lienjineri tse sa sebetseng hantle, ho sekaseka bokhoni ba li-motor tse sebetsang hantle haholo bakeng sa ho phahamisa le ho li sebelisa, le ho tataisa likhoebo ho boloka matla a makoloi.
▍Kamaemo a tšehetso ea lichelete,lienjene tse sebetsang hantle haholo li kenyellelitsoe tšebetsong ea ho kenya tšebetsong lihlahisoa tse baballang matla molemong oa batho. Lekala la Lichelete le fana ka lithuso tsa lichelete ho lihlahisoa tsa likoloi tsa mefuta e fapaneng, limaraka le matla ho latela matla a lekantsoeng. Mmuso o moholo o aba ditjhelete tsa dithuso ho bahlahisi ba makoloi a sebetsang hantle haholo, mme bahlahisi ba di rekisetsa basebedisi ba makoloi, dipompo tsa metsi le difene ka theko ya dithuso. Likhoebo tse felletseng tsa tlhahiso ea lisebelisoa. Leha ho le joalo, ho tloha ka March 2017, theko ea lihlahisoa tsa likoloi tse sebetsang hantle haholo lethathamong la "lihlahisoa tse bolokang matla tse thusang batho" ha li sa tla thabela lithuso tsa lichelete tse bohareng. Hajoale, libaka tse ling tse kang Shanghai le tsona li thehile lichelete tse khethehileng ho ts'ehetsa nts'etsopele ea likoloi tse sebetsang hantle haholo.
Khothatso ea likoloi tse sebetsang hantle haholo naheng ea heso e ntse e tobane le mathata a mang
Leha ho khothaletsoa ha li-motor tse sebetsang hantle haholo ho fihletse litholoana tse itseng, ha ho bapisoa le linaha tse tsoetseng pele joalo ka Europe le United States, naha ea heso e amohetse boemo ba IE3 e le moeli oa matla a motlakase ka nako e khuts'oane (ho qala ka la 1 Phuptjane, 2021), le karolo ea mmaraka ea li-motor tse sebetsang hantle ka holimo ho boemo ba IE3 Sekhahla se tlase. Ka nako e ts'oanang, ho eketsa ts'ebeliso ea li-motor tse sebetsang hantle haholo Chaena le ho khothaletsa likoloi tse sebetsang hantle haholo ho ntse ho tobana le mathata a mangata.
Bareki ha ba khothaletse haholo ho reka li-motor tse sebetsang hantle haholo
Khetho ea likoloi tse sebetsang hantle haholo e na le melemo ea nako e telele bakeng sa bareki, empa e hloka hore bareki ba eketse matsete a thepa e tsitsitseng, e leng se tlisang khatello e itseng ea moruo ho bareki ba likoloi. Ka nako e ts'oanang, bareki ba bang ha ba na kutloisiso ea khopolo ea potoloho ea bophelo ba sehlahisoa, ba ela hloko matsete a nako e le 'ngoe, ha ba nahane ka litšenyehelo tsa ts'ebetso ea ts'ebeliso, 'me ba na le matšoenyeho mabapi le ho tšepahala ha boleng le botsitso ba ts'ebetso. ea li-motor tse sebetsang hantle haholo, kahoo ha ba batle ho reka li-motor tse sebetsang hantle haholo ka litheko tse phahameng.
Tsoelopele ea indasteri ea makoloi e batla e salletse morao
Indasteri ea makoloi ke indasteri e hlokang mosebetsi o mongata ebile e sebelisa theknoloji haholo. Limmaraka tsa li-motor tse kholo le tse mahareng li batla li phahame, ha li-motor tse nyane le tse mahareng li batla li le tlase. Ho tloha ka 2020, ho na le likhoebo tse ka bang 2,700 tsa tlhahiso ea makoloi naheng ea heso, tseo har'a tsona likhoebo tse nyane le tse mahareng li ikarabellang ka karolo e phahameng. Likhoebo tsena tse nyane le tse mahareng li tsepamisitse maikutlo ho hlahisoeng ha lienjene tse nyane le tse mahareng 'me li na le bokhoni bo fokolang ba R&D, bo bakang litaba tse tlase tsa tekheniki le boleng bo eketsehileng ba lihlahisoa tse hlahisoang. Ntle le moo, theko e tlase ea li-motor tse tloaelehileng e entse hore bareki ba bang ba qetelle ba rate ho reka li-motor tse tloaelehileng, e leng se ileng sa etsa hore bahlahisi ba bang ba likoloi ba ntse ba hlahisa likoloi tse tloaelehileng. Ka 2020, tlhahiso ea liindasteri tse sebetsang hantle haholo tsa naha ea heso e tla ikarabella feela bakeng sa hoo e ka bang 31.8% ea kakaretso ea tlhahiso ea liindasteri tsa indasteri.
Ho na le li-motor tse ngata tse tloaelehileng setokong le barekisi ba bangata
Li-motor tse tloaelehileng li nka karolo ea 90% ea li-motor tse sebetsang naheng ea heso. Li-motors tse tloaelehileng li theko e tlase, li bonolo ka sebopeho, li loketse tlhokomelong, nako e telele bophelong ba ts'ebeletso, 'me li na le setsi se seholo sa barekisi, se tlisang litšitiso tse kholo ho nts'etsopele ea li-motor tse sebetsang hantle haholo. naha ea heso e kentse tšebetsong e tlamang naha maemo a GB 18613-2012 ho tloha 2012, 'me e rera ho felisa lethathamo la lihlahisoa tsa likoloi tse sa sebetseng hantle. Mafapha a amehang a hloka hore liindasteri tsohle, haholo-holo tse sebelisang matla a mangata, butle-butle li khaotse ho sebelisa lienjene tse sa sebetseng hantle, empa lihlahisoa tse joalo tsa makoloi li ntse li ka sebelisoa haeba li sa finyelle litekanyetso tsa khale.
Mokhoa o phahameng oa leano la ntlafatso ea makoloi letlhokomelo ea makoloi
The regulatorytsamaiso ha e utloahale ka ho lekana
Ho phatlalalitsoe le ho kengoa tšebetsong litekanyetso tse sebetsang hantle tsa matla a motlakase, empa ho na le khaello ea maano a ts'ehetsang le mekhoa ea taolo ea ho thibela baetsi ba makoloi ho hlahisa liinjini tse tloaelehileng. Mafapha a amehang a lokolotse li-catalogs tse khothaletsoang tsa lihlahisoa le lisebelisoa tse amanang le makoloi a phahameng, empa ha ho na mokhoa o tlamang oa ho kenya tšebetsong. Ba ka qobella feela liindasteri tsa bohlokoa le likhoebo tsa bohlokoa ho felisa li-motor tse sa sebetseng hantle ka ho laola matla a liindasteri. Tsamaiso ea maano ka mahlakoreng a mabeli a phepelo le tlhokahalo ha e ea phethahala, e leng se tlisitseng litšitiso ho phahamisong ea likoloi tse sebetsang hantle haholo. Ka nako e ts'oanang, maano a lichelete le lekhetho le melaoana ea mekitlane ho ts'ehetsa nts'etsopele ea likoloi tse sebetsang hantle haholo ha li utloahale ka ho lekana, 'me ho thata ho bareki ba bangata ho fumana lichelete ho tsoa libankeng tsa khoebo.
Litlhahiso tsa Leano la ho Khothaletsa Likoloi tse Sebetsang Khothatso ea likoloi tse sebetsang hantle haholo e hloka tšebelisano ea baetsi ba makoloi, bareki ba makoloi, le maano a tšehetsang. Haholo-holo, ho theha tikoloho ea sechaba eo ho eona bahlahisi ba likoloi ba hlahisang lienjenere tse sebetsang hantle haholo le bareki ba likoloi ba khethang li-motor tse sebetsang hantle haholo ho bohlokoa bakeng sa kholiso ea likoloi tse sebetsang hantle haholo.
Fana ka ho bapala ka botlalo ho karolo e tlamang ea litekanyetso
Maemo ke ts'ehetso ea bohlokoa ea tekheniki bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea boemo bo holimo ba indasteri ea makoloi. Naha e fane ka maemo a tlamang kapa a khothaletsoang a naha / a indasteri joalo ka GB 18613-2020 bakeng sa li-motor, empa ho na le khaello ea melaoana e ts'ehetsang ho thibela baetsi ba makoloi ho hlahisa ka tlase ho boleng bo lekantsoeng ba matla a matla. Lihlahisoa tsa likoloi, tse khothalletsang lik'hamphani ho tlohela likoloi tse sa sebetseng hantle. Ho tloha 2017 ho isa 2020, kakaretso ea li-kilowatts tse limilione tse 170 tsa lienjene tse sa sebetseng hantle li felisitsoe, empa ke li-kilowatt tse limilione tse 31 feela tsa tsona tse nketsoeng sebaka ke lienjene tse sebetsang hantle haholo. Ho na le tlhokahalo e potlakileng ea ho phatlalatsa le ho kenya ts'ebetsong litekanyetso, ho matlafatsa ts'ebetsong ea litekanyetso, ho laola tšebeliso ea litekanyetso, ho sebetsana le boitšoaro bo sa sebeliseng litekanyetso ka nako e nepahetseng, ho matlafatsa tsamaiso ea bahlahisi ba likoloi le ho eketseha. kotlo ya ho tlola dikhamphani tsa makoloi. Kaha ba ikemiselitse ho hlahisa li-motor tse sa sebetseng hantle, bareki ba ke ke ba reka li-motor tse sa sebetseng hantle haholo.
Ho kenya ts'ebetsong ea phallo ea motlakase e sa sebetseng hantle
Lekala la Indasteri le Theknoloji ea Boitsebiso le etsa mosebetsi oa tlhokomelo ea ho boloka motlakase selemo se seng le se seng, le tsamaisa tlhokomelo e khethehileng ea ntlafatso ea matla a matla a lihlahisoa le lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa tse sebelisang matla, 'me le khethe likoloi le li-fan tse sa sebetseng hantle ho ea ka "Tlhahiso e Phahameng ea Matla e Fetileng. Thepa ea Electromechanical Equipment (Lihlahisoa) Catalogue ea ho Felisa" (Sehlopha sa 1 ho isa ho 4) , Li-Compressor tsa Moea, lipompo le lihlahisoa tse ling tse siiloeng ke nako tse sebelisang li-motor e le lisebelisoa tsa ho khanna. Leha ho le joalo, mosebetsi ona oa ho beha leihlo o lebisitsoe haholo-holo ho liindasteri tse ka sehloohong tse senyang matla tse kang tšepe le tšepe, ho qhibilihisa tšepe e se nang ferrous, lik'hemik'hale tsa petrochemical le thepa ea mohaho, 'me ho thata ho koahela liindasteri le likhoebo tsohle. Litlhahiso tse latelang ke ho kenya ts'ebetsong liketso tse sa sebetseng tsa ho felisa likoloi, ho felisa likoloi tse sa sebetseng ho ea ka libaka, batch le nako ea nako, le ho hlakisa nako ea ho felisa, ho tšehetsa likhothatso le mehato ea kotlo bakeng sa mofuta o mong le o mong oa koloi e sa sebetseng ho khothaletsa likhoebo ho li felisa ka nako e behiloeng. . Ka nako e ts'oanang, hoa hlokahala ho ela hloko ts'ebetso ea 'nete ea khoebo. Ka lebaka la hore khoebo e le 'ngoe e kholo e sebelisa li-motor tse ngata ebile e na le chelete e matla, athe khoebo e le' ngoe e nyane le e mahareng e sebelisa li-motor tse nyane mme e na le chelete e batlang e le thata, potoloho ea phallo e lokela ho khethoa ka tsela e fapaneng, potoloho ea ho tsoa ha li-motor tse sa sebetseng likhoebong tse kholo e lokela ho fokotsoa ka nepo.
Ho ntlafatsa mekhoa ea likhothatso le thibelo ea likhoebo tse hlahisang likoloi
Bokhoni ba tekheniki le maemo a thekenoloji a lik'hamphani tse etsang likoloi ha li lekane. Likhamphani tse ling ha li na bokhoni ba ho etsa li-motor tse sebetsang hantle haholo. Hoa hlokahala ho fumana maemo a ikhethileng a lik'hamphani tse etsang likoloi tsa lapeng le ho ntlafatsa theknoloji ea likhoebo ka maano a khothatso ea lichelete joalo ka litumellano tsa mekoloto le liphallelo tsa lekhetho. Ba okamele le ho ba khothaletsa ho li ntlafatsa le ho li fetola mehala ea tlhahiso ea enjene e sebetsang hantle haholo ka nako e behiloeng, le ho hlokomela likhoebo tsa tlhahiso ea makoloi hore li se ke tsa etsa lienjineri tse sa sebetseng hantle nakong ea phetoho le phetoho. Lebela ho tsamaisoa ha thepa e tala ea enjene e sa sebetseng hantle haholo ho thibela baetsi ba makoloi ho reka thepa e sa sebetseng hantle ea enjene. Ka nako e ts'oanang, eketsa tlhahlobo ea sampole ea li-motor tse rekisoang 'marakeng, phatlalatsa liphetho tsa tlhahlobo ea sampole ho sechaba ka nako e nepahetseng, le ho tsebisa baetsi ba lihlahisoa tsa bona tse sa fihlelleng litlhoko tse tloaelehileng le ho li lokisa ka nako e itseng. .
Matlafatsa pontšo le ts'ehetso ea li-motor tse sebetsang hantle haholo
Khothaletsa bahlahisi ba makoloi le basebelisi ba makoloi a hloahloa hore ba kopanele ho aha lits'oants'o tsa ts'ebetso ea ho boloka matla e le hore bareki ba ithute ka ts'ebetso ea makoloi le ho baballa matla hang-hang, 'me khafetsa ba senolele sechaba lintlha tse bolokang matla a motlakase e le hore ba tsebe ho tseba haholoanyane. Kutloisiso e hlakileng ea litlamorao tsa ho boloka matla a li-motor tse sebetsang hantle haholo.
Theha sethala sa papatso bakeng sa lienjine tse sebetsang hantle haholo, bonts'a tlhahisoleseling e nepahetseng joalo ka litšoaneleho tsa bahlahisi ba makoloi, lintlha tsa sehlahisoa, ts'ebetso, joalo-joalo, phatlalatsa le ho toloka tlhahisoleseling e amanang le lienjene tse sebetsang hantle haholo, ho thethefatsa phapanyetsano ea tlhahisoleseling lipakeng tsa baetsi ba makoloi le makoloi. bareki, 'me bahlahisi le bareki Ba lule ba tseba maano a amehang.
Hlophisa ntšetso-pele le koetliso ea lienjineri tse sebetsang hantle haholo ho phahamisa tlhokomeliso ea bareki ba makoloi libakeng tse fapaneng le liindasteri ka lienjene tse sebetsang hantle haholo, 'me ka nako e ts'oanang u arabe lipotso tsa bona. Matlafatsa mekhatlo ea litšebeletso tsa batho ba boraro ho fana ka litšebeletso tse nepahetseng tsa boeletsi bakeng sa bareki.
Ho khothaletsa tlhahiso e ncha ea li-motor tse sa sebetseng hantle haholo
Ho felisoa ho hoholo ha li-motor tse sa sebetseng hantle haholo ho tla baka tšenyo ea lisebelisoa ho isa bohōleng bo itseng. Ho nchafatsa li-motor tse sa sebetseng hantle ho lienjineri tse sebetsang hantle haholo ha ho ntlafatse ts'ebetso ea matla a lienjine feela, empa hape ho khutlisetsa lisebelisoa tse ling, tse thusang ho nts'etsapele nts'etsopele ea khabone e tala le e tlase ea ketane ea indasteri ea makoloi; ha e bapisoa le ho etsoa ha likoloi tse ncha tse sebetsang hantle haholo, e ka fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa 50%, tšebeliso ea matla ea 60%, thepa ea 70%. Theha le ho ntlafatsa melao le litekanyetso tsa ho hlahisa li-motor, ho hlakisa mofuta le matla a li-motor tse nchafalitsoeng, le ho lokolla sehlopha sa likhoebo tse bonts'ang tse nang le bokhoni ba ho nchafatsa likoloi, tse etellang pele nts'etsopele ea indasteri ea tlhahiso ea likoloi ka lipontšo.
Theko ea 'muso e tsamaisa nts'etsopele ea indasteri ea makoloi e sebetsang hantle haholo
Ka 2020, tekanyo ea theko ea 'muso oa naha e tla ba li-yuan tse libilione tse 3.697, e leng karolo ea 10.2% le 3.6% ea litšenyehelo tsa lichelete tsa naha le GDP ka ho latellana. Ka theko ea 'muso e tala, tataisa baetsi ba makoloi ho fana ka lienjene tse sebetsang hantle haholo le bareki ho reka lienjene tse sebetsang hantle haholo. Patlisiso le ho theha maano a mmuso a theko ea lihlahisoa tsa tekheniki tse baballang motlakase joalo ka lienjine tse sebetsang hantle haholo, lipompo le lifensetere tse sebelisang lienjene tse sebetsang hantle haholo, li kenyelletsa lienjene tse sebetsang hantle haholo le lihlahisoa tsa tekheniki tse baballang matla tse sebelisang lienjene tse sebetsang hantle haholo maemong a theko ea mmuso. , le ho li kopanya ka mokhoa o hlophisitsoeng le litekanyetso tse amehang le lethathamo la lihlahisoa tsa lisebelisoa tsa motlakase tse bolokang matla , ho atolosa sebaka le boholo ba theko ea 'muso e tala. Ka ho kenngwa tshebetsong ha leano la mmuso la phumantsho e tala, bokgoni ba tlhahiso ya dihlahiswa tsa thekenoloji e baballang matla tse kang dinjini tse sebetsang hantle haholo le ntlafatso ya bokgoni ba ditshebeletso tsa botekgeniki tsa tlhokomelo di tla kgothaletswa.
Eketsa mekoloto, likhothatso tsa lekhetho le ts'ehetso e 'ngoe mahlakoreng ka bobeli a phepelo le tlhoko
Ho reka li-motor tse sebetsang hantle haholo le ho ntlafatsa bokhoni ba botekgeniki ba baetsi ba likoloi ho hloka matsete a mangata, 'me likhoebo li hloka ho jara khatello e kholo ea moruo, haholo likhoebo tse nyane le tse mahareng. Ka litumellano tsa mekitlane, ts'ehetsa phetoho ea mehala ea tlhahiso ea makoloi e sa sebetseng hantle hore e be mehala ea tlhahiso ea makoloi e sebetsang hantle haholo, le ho fokotsa khatello ea matsete a lichelete a bareki ba makoloi. Fana ka likhothatso tsa lekhetho bakeng sa bahlahisi ba likoloi tse sebetsang hantle haholo le basebelisi ba makoloi a sebetsang hantle haholo, 'me u kenye tšebetsong litheko tse fapaneng tsa motlakase tse ipapisitseng le maemo a baballang matla a lienjene tse sebelisoang ke lik'hamphani. Ha boemo ba matla a matla bo phahame, theko ea motlakase e ntle le ho feta.
Nako ea poso: May-24-2023