Kantshetsopele e tswelang pele ya makoloi a matjha a matla, tlhokomelo e eketsehileng e lebisitsoe ho libeteri tsa motlakase.Battery, motlakase le tsamaiso ea elektronike ke likarolo tse tharo tsa bohlokoa tsa likoloi tse ncha tsa matla, tseo betri ea matla e leng karolo ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa, eo ho ka thoeng ke "pelo" ea likoloi tse ncha tsa matla, joale libeteri tsa matla a macha ke life? likoloi tsa motlakase? Ho thoe'ng ka lihlopha tse kholo?
1. Betri e nang le asiti ea lead
Betri ea lead-acid (VRLA) ke betri eo li-electrode tsa eona li entsoeng haholo-holo ka loto le li-oxide tsa eona, 'me electrolyte ke tharollo ea sulfuric acid.Boemong bo qosoang ba betri ea lead-acid, karolo e ka sehloohong ea electrode e ntle ke lead dioxide, 'me karolo e ka sehloohong ea electrode e mpe ke moetapele; sebakeng se senyehileng, karolo e ka sehloohong ea li-electrode tse ntle le tse mpe ke lead sulfate.Matla a matla a betri ea sele e le 'ngoe ea lead-acid ke 2.0V, e ka theoleloang ho 1.5V le ho lefisoa.ho ea ho 2.4V; lits'ebetsong, libeteri tse 6 tsa sele e le 'ngoe tsa lead-acid hangata li hokahanngoa ka letoto ho etsa betri ea lead-acid ea 12V, le 24V, 36V, 48V, joalo-joalo.
Joaloka thekenoloji e batlang e hōlile, libeteri tsa lead-acid e ntse e le tsona feela betri ea likoloi tsa motlakase tse ka hlahisoang ka bongata ka lebaka la theko ea tsona e tlaase le matla a phahameng a ho qhala.Leha ho le joalo, matla a khethehileng, matla a khethehileng le matla a matla a libeteri tsa lead-acid li tlase haholo, 'me likoloi tsa motlakase tse sebelisang sena e le mohloli oa matla li ke ke tsa ba le lebelo le letle le ho tsamaea ka sekepe.mefuta-futa.
2. Libetri tsa nickel-cadmium le libeteri tsa nickel-metal hydride
Nickel-cadmium battery (Nickel-cadmium battery, eo hangata e bitsoang NiCd, e bitsoa “nye-cad”) ke betri e tsebahalang haholo.Betri ena e sebelisa nickel hydroxide (NiOH) le metal cadmium (Cd) e le lik'hemik'hale ho hlahisa motlakase.Le hoja ts'ebetso ea eona e le betere ho feta ea libeteri tsa asiti ea loto, e na le tšepe e boima, e tla silafatsa tikoloho ka mor'a ho sebelisoa le ho lahloa.
Betri ea nickel-cadmium e ka tjhajoa le ho lokolloa ka makhetlo a fetang 500, e leng chelete e ngata le e tšoarellang.Ho hanyetsa ha eona ka hare ho nyenyane, ho hanyetsa ka hare ho nyenyane, ho ka qosoa ka potlako, 'me ho ka fana ka motlakase o moholo bakeng sa mojaro,' me phetoho ea motlakase e nyenyane nakong ea ho tsoa, e leng betri e ntle haholo ea matla a DC.Ha ho bapisoa le mefuta e meng ea libeteri, libeteri tsa nickel-cadmium li khona ho mamella tefiso e feteletseng kapa ho tsoa ho feta tekano.
Betri ea Ni-MH e entsoe ka ion ea hydrogen le tšepe ea tšepe, 'me matla a eona a polokelo ke 30% ho feta a betri ea Ni-Cd. .
3. Betri ea lithium
Lithium battery ke mofuta oa betri e sebelisang lithium metal kapa lithium alloy e le lisebelisoa tse mpe tsa electrode 'me e sebelisa tharollo ea electrolyte e se nang metsi.Libetri tsa lithium li ka aroloa ka mekhahlelo e 'meli: libeteri tsa tšepe tsa lithium le libeteri tsa lithium ion..Libetri tsa lithium-ion ha li na lithium sebakeng sa tšepe 'me li ka nchafatsoa hape.
Libetri tsa tšepe tsa lithium ka kakaretso li sebelisa manganese dioxide e le thepa ea elektrode e ntle, tšepe ea lithium kapa tšepe ea alloy e le lisebelisoa tse mpe tsa elektrode, 'me li sebelisa tharollo ea electrolyte e senang metsi.Lisebelisoa tsa betri ea lithium li entsoe haholo ka: lisebelisoa tse ntle tsa elektrode, lisebelisoa tse mpe tsa elektrode, karohano, electrolyte.
Har'a lisebelisoa tsa cathode, lisebelisoa tse sebelisoang ka ho fetisisa ke lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganate, lithium iron phosphate le lisebelisoa tsa ternary (polymers of nickel, cobalt le manganese).Thepa e ntle ea elektrode e nka karolo e kholo (karolelano ea boima ba lisebelisoa tse ntle le tse mpe tsa elektrode ke 3: 1 ~ 4: 1), hobane ts'ebetso ea lisebelisoa tse ntle tsa elektrode e ama ka kotloloho ts'ebetso ea betri ea lithium-ion, le litšenyehelo tsa eona. hape e etsa qeto ka kotloloho litšenyehelo tsa betri.
Har'a lisebelisoa tsa anode, lisebelisoa tsa hona joale tsa anode ke haholo-holo graphite ea tlhaho le graphite ea maiketsetso.Lisebelisoa tsa anode tse ntseng li hlahlojoa li kenyelletsa nitrides, PAS, li-oxide tse thehiloeng ho tin, li-alloys tsa tin, lisebelisoa tsa nano anode, le metsoako e meng ea intermetallic.E le e 'ngoe ea likarolo tse' nè tse kholo tsa betri ea lithium, lisebelisoa tse mpe tsa electrode li phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ho ntlafatsa bokhoni le ts'ebetso ea potoloho ea betri, 'me ke sehokelo sa mantlha bohareng ba indasteri ea betri ea lithium.
Fuel cell ke sesebelisoa se sa cheng sa ho fetola matla a electrochemical.Matla a lik'hemik'hale a hydrogen (le libeso tse ling) le oksijene li lula li fetoloa matla a motlakase.Molao-motheo oa eona oa ts'ebetso ke hore H2 e entsoe ka oxidized ho H + le e- tlasa ts'ebetso ea anode catalyst, H + e fihla ho electrode e ntle ka lera la phapanyetsano ea proton, e sebetsana le O2 ho cathode ho hlahisa metsi, 'me e fihla ho cathode ka potoloho ea ka ntle, 'me karabelo e tsoelang pele e hlahisa hona joale. Leha peterole e na le lentsoe "betri", ha se polokelo ea matlasesebedisoa ka tsela ya setso, empa sesebelisoa sa ho hlahisa matla. Ena ke phapang e kholo ka ho fetisisa lipakeng tsa peterole le betri ea setso.
Nako ea poso: Jun-05-2022