1. Kala soocida matoorada DC
1. Matoorka DC ee aan burushka lahayn:
Matoorka DC-ga aan burushka lahayn waa inuu beddelaa stator-ka iyo rotor-ka matoorka DC-ga caadiga ah.Rotor-keedu waa magnet joogto ah si uu u dhaliyo qulqulka kala-duwanaanta hawada: stator-ku waa armature wuxuuna ka kooban yahay dabaylo badan oo wejiyo badan leh.Qaab dhismeedka, waxay la mid tahay matoorka synchronous magnet joogto ah.Qaab dhismeedka matoorka DC-ga ee aan burushka lahayn wuxuu la mid yahay midka matoorka caadiga ah ee isku midka ah ama matoorka induction. Dabaysha wejiyada badan leh (saddex-waji, afar-waji, shan-weji, iwm.) ayaa gundhig u ah xudunta birta. Dabaylaha waxa lagu xidhi karaa xidigta ama delta, waxaana lagu xidhi karaa tuubooyinka korantada ee leexiyaha waxa ay ku xidhan yihiin isu socod macquul ah.Rotor-ku inta badan waxa uu isticmaalaa walxo dhul naadir ah oo leh xoog xoog badan iyo cufnaan sare sida samarium cobalt ama boron birta neodymium. Sababo la xiriira jagooyinka kala duwan ee walxaha magnetic ee tiirarka magnetic, waxaa loo qaybin karaa tiirarka magnetic dusha, tiirarka birta ah ee ku dhex jira iyo tiirarka magnetic giraanta.Maadaama jirku yahay matoor magnet joogto ah, waxaa caado ah in la waco matoorka DC-ga aan burushka lahayn sidoo kale loo yaqaan magnet-ka joogtada ah ee burushka DC-ka.
Matoorada DC-ga ee aan burushka lahayn ayaa la sameeyay sannadihii ugu dambeeyay iyadoo la horumarinayo tignoolajiyada microprocessor-ka iyo adeegsiga korantada cusub ee elektiroonigga ahaaladaha leh inta jeer ee beddelka sare iyo isticmaalka awoodda hooseeya, iyo sidoo kale hagaajinta hababka xakamaynta iyo soo bixitaanka qiimaha jaban, heerka sare ee qalabka magnet joogto ah. Nooc cusub oo matoor DC ah ayaa la sameeyay.
Matoorada DC-ga aan cadaysnayn ma aha oo kaliya inay ilaaliyaan waxqabadka nidaaminta xawaaraha wanaagsan ee matoorada DC-ga dhaqameed, laakiin sidoo kale waxay leeyihiin faa'iidooyinka xiriir la'aan iyo dhimbiil isdhaafsi, kalsooni sare, nolol adeeg oo dheer iyo buuq yar, sidaas darteed waxaa si ballaaran loogu isticmaalaa hawada hawada, qalabka mashiinka CNC , Robots, Baabuur koronto, iwm., qalabka kombuyuutarrada iyo qalabka guryaha ayaa si weyn loo isticmaalay.
Marka loo eego hababka kala duwan ee tamarta, matoorada DC-ga aan burushka lahayn waxaa loo qaybin karaa laba qaybood: mawjadaha labajibbaaran ee aan lahayn DC matoorada, kuwaas oo dhabarka EMF waveform iyo sahayda waveform ee hadda jira labadaba hirarka leydi ah, sidoo kale loo yaqaan mowjadaha leydiyeed ee joogtada ah ee magnet synchronous; Matoor DC ah oo la cadayday, qaabkiisa dambe ee EMF mawjada iyo qaab-dhismeedka hadda jira waa mawjadaha sene.
2. Matoorka DC oo caday
(1) Magnet DC ee joogtada ah
Magnet joogto ah DC motor kala qaybsanaanta: dhul dhif ah magnet joogto ah DC motor, ferrite magnet joogto ah DC motor iyo alnico magnet joogto ah DC motor.
① Magnet DC ee Joogtada ah ee Naadirka ah: Xajmi yar oo ka fiican xagga waxqabadka, laakiin qaali ah, oo inta badan loo isticmaalo hawada sare, kombayutarada, qalabka hoos u dhaca, iwm.
② Ferrite magnet joogto ah DC motor: Jirka bir magnetka ka samaysan ferrite walax waa raqiis ah oo leh waxqabad wanaagsan, waxaana si ballaaran loo isticmaalaa in qalabka guriga, baabuurta, alaabta lagu ciyaaro, qalabka korontada iyo goobaha kale.
③ Alnico Magnet DC ee Joogtada ah: Waxay u baahan tahay inay isticmaasho biro badan oo qaali ah, qiimuhuna waa sarreeyaa, laakiin wuxuu leeyahay laqabsi wanaagsan heerkulka sare. Waxaa loo adeegsadaa waqtiyada heerkulka deegaanku uu sarreeyo ama xasilloonida heerkulka matoorka loo baahan yahay.
(2) Electromagnetic DC motor.
Qaybta mootada korantada ee DC: Matoorka DC-ga ee taxanaha xiiseeya, mishiinka DC-ga ee xiisa leh, matoorka DC-ga ee goonida u faraxsan iyo matoorka DC ee xiisaha badan.
① Matoorka DC ee Taxanaha ah ee xiisaha leh: Hadda waxa uu ku xidhan yahay si taxane ah, la isku xidhay, iyo dabaysha goobtu waxa ay si xidhiidh ah ugu xidhan tahay qalabka wax lagu xidho, sidaa awgeed goobta birlabeedka ee matoorkani waxa uu si weyn isu beddelaa isbeddelka cududda hadda.Si aanay u keenin khasaare weyn iyo hoos u dhac danab ah oo dabaysha kicinta ah, iska caabbinta yar ee dabaylaha kicinta, ayaa ka sii wanaagsan, sidaas darteed matoorka firfircoonida taxanaha DC wuxuu inta badan ku dhaawacmaa silig ka dhumuc weyn, tirada leexashaduna way yar tahay.
② Shunt matoorka DC ee xiisaha leh: Dabaysha garoonka ee shunt matoorka DC ee xiisaha leh waxay ku xidhan tahay is barbar dabaysha armature-ka. Sida koronto-dhaliye shunt ah, korantada terminaalka ee matoorka lafteedu waxay siisaa awooda dabaylaha garoonka; sida matoorka shunt ah, dabaylaha garoonka Wadaagista koronto isku mid ahoo leh cudud , waxay la mid tahay matoorka DC ee goonida u faraxsan xagga waxqabadka.
③ Matoorka DC ee goonida u faraxsan: Dabaysha garoonku xiriir koronto ah kuma lahan hubka, wareegga garoonkana waxaa bixiya koronto kale oo DC ah.Hadda goob joogtu ma saamayso danab terminalka armature ama hadda cudud.
④ Matoorka DC-ga ee isku-dhafan: Matoorka-matoorka DC-ga ee ku faraxsan wuxuu leeyahay laba dabayl oo xamaasad leh, kicinta shunt iyo xamaasad taxane ah. Haddii xoogga magnetomotive ee ay dhaliso dabaylaha kicinta ee taxanaha ahi ay la mid tahay xoogga magnetomotive ee ay dhaliso dabaysha kicinta shunt, waxaa loo yaqaan kicinta isku dhafka alaabta.Haddii jihooyinka labada xoogag magnetomotive ah ay ka soo horjeedaan, waxaa loo yaqaannaa kicinta iskudhafka kala duwan.
2. Mabda'a shaqada ee mashiinka DC
Waxaa jira magnet joogto ah oo qaab giraan ah oo go'an gudaha matoorka DC, oo hadda wuxuu dhex maraa gariiradda rotor-ka si uu u dhaliyo xoog ampere ah. Marka gariiradda rotor-ku ay la mid tahay goobta magnetic, jihada magnetic field way isbedeli doontaa marka ay sii socoto wareegga, sidaas darteed buraashka dhamaadka rotorku wuu beddelmi doonaa Taarikada ayaa si isku mid ah u xiran, si jihada hadda gariiradda ayaa sidoo kale isbedesha, iyo jihada xoogga Lorentz ee la abuuray ayaa weli ah mid aan isbeddelin, sidaas darteed matoorku wuxuu sii wadi karaa inuu u wareego hal dhinac.
Mabda'a shaqada ee koronto-dhaliyaha DC-ga waa in loo beddelo xoogga koronto-dhaliyaha AC ee ku jira gariiradda armature-ka oo loo beddelo xoogga korantada DC marka laga soo saaro dhammaadka burushka is-gaareeyaha iyo saameynta isbeddelka buraashka.
Jihada xoogga koronto-dhaliyaha ee la kiciyay waxaa lagu go'aamiyaa iyadoo loo eegayo qaanuunka gacanta midig (khadka magnetic field wuxuu tilmaamayaa calaacasha gacanta, suulka wuxuu tilmaamayaa jihada dhaqdhaqaaqa ee kirishbooyada, jihada afarta far ee kale waa jihada xoogga koronto-dhaliyaha ee kaariyaha).
Jihada ciidanka ku shaqeeya kirishbooyada waxaa go'aamiya qaanuunka gacanta bidix.Labadan xoogag koronto-magneetka ah waxay sameeynayaan quwad ku shaqaynaysa hubka. Wareeggan waxaa lagu magacaabaa wareegtada korantada ee wareegga wareegga. Jihada meeshu waxay u jeeddaa saacada ka soo horjeeda, iyadoo isku dayaysa inay ka dhigto hubka u wareego saacada ka soo horjeeda.Haddi uu wareegtadan korantada magnetka ah ay ka adkaan karto iska caabbinta cududda (sida iska caabbinta iska caabbinta ee ay keento is jiid jiidka iyo wareegyada kale ee xamuulka), cududku waxa uu u wareegi karaa saacad ka hor.
Waqtiga boostada: Mar-18-2023