Vanofarira mota vagara vachinyanya kuita zveinjini, asi kuiswa kwemagetsi hakumisiki, uye ruzivo rwevamwe vanhu vangangoda kuvandudzwa.
Inonyanya kuzivikanwa nhasi injini yechina-stroke cycle, inovawo tsime remagetsi emotokari zhinji dzine peturu.Zvakafanana nechina-stroke, maviri-stroke uye Wankel rotor injini dzemukati dzinopisa injini, motokari dzemagetsi motokari dzinogona kugoverwa kuva synchronous motors uye asynchronous motors maererano nekusiyana kwe rotors. Asynchronous motors anonziwo induction motors, nepo synchronous motors ine magineti echigarire. uye ikozvino kufadza injini.
Stator uye rotor
Mhando dzose dzemotokari dzemagetsi dzinosanganisira zvikamu zviviri zvikuru: stator uye rotor.
Stator▼
Iyo stator ndiyo chikamu chemotor inoramba yakamira uye ndiyo yakagadziriswa imba yemota, yakaiswa pane chassis senge injini block.Iyo rotor ndiyo chete inofamba chikamu chemota, yakafanana neye crankshaft, iyo inotumira torque kunze kuburikidza nekutapurirana uye kusiyanisa.
Iyo stator inoumbwa nezvikamu zvitatu: stator core, stator winding uye furemu.Iyo yakawanda yakafanana grooves mumuviri we stator yakazadzwa neinobatanidzwa yemhangura windings.
Aya mahwindi ane kwakachena hairpin mhangura inoisa iyo inowedzera slot kuzadza density uye yakananga waya-kune-waya kubata.Dense windings inowedzera torque simba, nepo migumo ichinyanya kudzedzereka, ichidzikisa huwandu hwepasuru diki yakazara.
Stator uye rotor▼
Basa guru re stator nderekugadzira inotenderera magnetic field (RMF), asi basa guru re rotor rinofanira kutemwa nemagetsi emagetsi emagetsi mumagetsi anotenderera kuti abudise (output) ikozvino.
Iyo mota inoshandisa matatu-phase alternating ikozvino kuseta iyo inotenderera ndima, uye frequency yayo uye simba zvinodzorwa nemagetsi emagetsi anopindura kune accelerator.Mabhatiri midziyo yemagetsi yakananga ikozvino (DC), saka magetsi emagetsi emotokari anosanganisira DC-AC inverter inopa stator neinodiwa AC ikozvino kugadzira iyo yakakosha yakasiyana-siyana inotenderera magineti.
Asi zvakakosha kuti titaure kuti mamotor aya zvakare majenareta, zvichireva kuti mavhiri anodzosera rotor mukati me stator, achitenderedza magineti inotenderera kune rimwe divi, achitumira simba kubhatiri kuburikidza neAC-DC inoshandura.
Iyi nzira, inozivikanwa seye regenerative braking, inogadzira kudhonza uye kunonotsa mota pasi.Kuvandudzwa patsva kuri musimboti kwete chete wekuwedzera huwandu hwemotokari dzemagetsi, asiwo dzemahybrids anobudirira, sezvo kuvandudzwa kwakawanda kunovandudza hupfumi hwemafuta.Asi munyika chaiyo, kuberekwa patsva hakuna kuita se "kukungurutsa mota," izvo zvinodzivirira kurasikirwa kwesimba.
MaEV mazhinji anotsamira pane imwe-kumhanya kufambisa kunonotsa kutenderera pakati pemota nemavhiri.Kufanana neinjini dzinopisa dzemukati, mota dzemagetsi dzinonyanya kushanda pakudzika rpm uye mutoro wakakwira.
Nepo EV ichigona kuwana yakaringana giya rimwe chete, zvinorema mapikicha uye maSUVs anoshandisa akawanda-kumhanya kufambisa kuti awedzere huwandu nekumhanya kwakanyanya.
Multi-giya EVs haawanzo, uye nhasi, chete Audi e-tron GT nePorsche Taycan vanoshandisa maviri-kumhanya kutumira.
Mhando nhatu dzeMota
Akazvarwa muzana ramakore re19, iyo induction mota rotor ine longitudinal akaturikidzana kana mitsetse yezvinhu conductive, kazhinji mhangura uye dzimwe nguva aluminium.Iyo stator's inotenderera magineti induces azvino mumapepa aya, ayo anozogadzira iyo electromagnetic field (EMF) inotanga kutenderera mukati meiyo stator inotenderera magineti.
Induction mota dzinodaidzwa kuti asynchronous motors nekuti iyo induced electromagnetic field uye inotenderera torque inogona kugadzirwa chete kana rotor inomhanya ikasarira kuseri kwemagineti inotenderera.Aya marudzi emamotor akajairika nekuti haadi isingawanzo-epasi magineti uye akachipa kugadzira.Asi ivo havakwanise kudzima kupisa pamitoro yakakwira, uye vane hunhu husina kunaka pakumhanya kwakaderera.
Permanent magineti mota, sezita rinoratidza, rotor yayo ine magineti yayo uye haidi simba rekugadzira iyo rotor's magnetic field.Vanoshanda zvakanyanya pakumhanya kwakaderera.Rotor yakadaro inotendererawo synchronously neinotenderera magnetic field ye stator, saka inonzi motor synchronous.
Zvisinei, kungoputira rotor nemagineti kune matambudziko ayo.Chekutanga, izvi zvinoda magineti akakura, uye nehuremu hwakawedzerwa, zvinogona kuve zvakaoma kuchengetedza mukuwirirana nekumhanya kwakanyanya.Asi dambudziko hombe nderekudaidzwa kwekumhanya-mhanya "kumashure EMF," iyo inowedzera kudhonza, inomisa-yepamusoro-yekupedzisira simba, uye inoburitsa kupisa kwakanyanya kunogona kukuvadza magineti.
Kugadzirisa dambudziko iri, mota zhinji dzemagetsi dzinogara magineti mota dzine magineti emukati asingagumi (IPMs) anotsvedza ari maviri maviri mumigero yakareba yakaita seV, yakarongwa mune akawanda lobes pasi pepamusoro peiyo rotor's iron core.
Iyo V-groove inochengetedza magineti echigarire akachengeteka pakumhanya kukuru, asi inogadzira kusada torque pakati pemagineti.Magnets anogona kukwezvwa kana kudzingwa nemamwe magineti, asi kusada kwakajairika, kunokwezva lobes yesimbi rotor kune inotenderera magineti.
Iwo magineti echigarire anouya mukutamba nekumhanya kwakaderera, nepo kusada torque kunotora pamusoro nekumhanya kwakanyanya.Prius inoshandiswa muchimiro ichi.
Mhando yekupedzisira yemotokari yemazuva ano-inofadza ichangobva kuonekwa mumotokari dzemagetsi. Ose ari maviri ari pamusoro ari brushless mota. Huchenjeri hwakajairika hunobata kuti brushless motors ndiyo yega sarudzo inoshanda yemagetsi mota.Uye BMW ichangobva kupesana neyakajairwa uye yakaisa brushed ikozvino-inonakidza AC synchronous motors pane itsva i4 uye iX modhi.
Iyo rotor yerudzi urwu rwemota inopindirana neinotenderera magineti ye stator, chaizvo senge inogara magineti rotor, asi pachinzvimbo chekuve nemagineti echigarire, inoshandisa matanhatu akafara lobes emhangura anoshandisa simba kubva kuDC bhatiri kugadzira iyo inodiwa magetsi emagetsi. .
Izvi zvinoda zvindori zvinotsvedza uye mabhurashi echitubu kuti aiswe pane rotor shaft, saka vamwe vanhu vanotya kuti mabhurashi achapfeka uye kuunganidza guruva uye kusiya nzira iyi.Nepo bhurashi ratidzo yakavharirwa mune yakavharika yakavharika ine chivharo chinobviswa, zvinoramba zvichionekwa kana kupfeka kwebhurashi inyaya.
Kusavapo kwemagineti echigarire kunodzivirira kukwira kwemutengo wepasi isingawanzo uye kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza kwemugodhi.Iyi mhinduro zvakare inoita kuti zvikwanise kusiyanisa simba remagineti re rotor, nekudaro zvichiita kuti iwedzere optimization.Zvakadaro, kupa simba rotor kuchiri kushandisa rimwe simba, izvo zvinoita kuti mamotor aya asanyanya kushanda, kunyanya pakumhanya kwakaderera, uko simba rinodiwa kugadzira iyo magineti chikamu chakakura chekushandisa kwese.
Munhoroondo pfupi yemotokari dzemagetsi, ikozvino-inofadza AC synchronous motors ichangoburwa, uye pachine nzvimbo yakawanda yekuti mazano matsva agadziriswe, uye pakave nenzvimbo huru dzekuchinja, sekufamba kwaTesla kubva kune induction motor concepts kuenda zvachose. magineti synchronous mota.Uye isu tiri pasi pemakore gumi mukati menguva yeEV yemazuva ano, uye isu tichangotanga.
Nguva yekutumira: Jan-21-2023