Mamiriro e“investment” yeNIO yekuda “investment” munhepfenyuro dzemagetsi akasekwa se“chibvumirano chekukanda mari”, asi “Chiziviso cheKunatsiridza Gwaro reRubatsiro rweMari yekusimudzira nekushandiswa kweMotokari Itsva” chakapihwa pamwe chete shumiro ina nemakomisheni ekusimbisa kuvakwa kwemagetsi ekuchinjanisa zviteshi. Mushure merubatsiro rwekutsiva bhatiri modhi, zvese zvinobva zvasiyana. Nerutsigiro rwenyika, indasitiri yekutsinhana magetsi ikozvino yasiyana nezvayaimboita. Kwete Weilai chete, asiwo makambani mazhinji akadai seGAC Aian, Ningde Times, Tesla, uye Volkswagen vakaisa mari muindasitiri yekuchinjana magetsi. Naizvozvo, dombo rimwe rakamutsa mafungu ane chiuru, uye nzira yekuchinjana magetsi yakakurumidza kumutsa nhaurirano muindasitiri. Kunyangwe shamwari dzeboka re "EMF" fan dzakatadza kugara ndokubvunza kuti, "Inogoneka nzira yekuchinjana magetsi?"
1,
Kuongorora kusingaregi.
Muchokwadi, kuongororwa kweiyo nzira yekutsinhana kwemagetsi kwakatangwa muChina makore anopfuura makumi maviri apfuura. Muna 2000, Dianba New Energy yakavambwa. Kubudirira kwacho kwakaisa hwaro. Kubva 2010 kusvika 2015, State Grid uye Xuji Electric vakapinda mumunda wekuchinjana magetsi, asi zvakadzokera shure, uye mari yavo haina kuwana zvibereko zvakanaka.
Iyo yekutsinhana kwemagetsi modhi yakanyatso kuunza shanduko mubudiriro. Muchokwadi, muna 2016, kubatana pakati peBAIC New Energy neAodong New Energy kwakavamba "Maguta Gumi neChiuru Zviteshi Optimus Prime Plan", uye modhi yekutsinhana kwemagetsi emotokari yevafambi yakatanga kumusika wemagetsi ematekisi. . Zvadaro, makambani emotokari epamba akadai saWeilai, GAC Aian, FAW Hongqi, uye Geely vakawedzera "simba rebhatiri chassis simba rekutsinhanisa tekinoroji" kune mamwe mamodheru, izvo zvakasimudzira kuvandudzwa kwesimba rekuchinjana.
Kunyanya gore rino, rakaunza "gore rekutanga rekutsiva bhatiri", uye makambani mazhinji akaburitsa zvinyorwa zvavo mumunda wekutsiva bhatiri.
Musi waNdira 18, bhatiri hofori yeCATL yakatanga EVOGO, bhatiri rekuchinja sevhisi brand.Musi waChikumi 18, CATL yakatanga iyo EVOGO bhatiri yekuchinja sevhisi muHefei, Anhui.
Musi waNdira 24, Lifan Technology neGeely Automobile vakabatana vakagadzira kambani yemubatanidzwa, Ruilan Automobile, iyo yakapinda mumusika mutsva wemotokari ine "simba idzva rekuchinja bhatiri" uye vakagadzira zvigadzirwa zvitsva zvichibva pane yakazvigadzira bhatiri swapping chikuva (GBRC). kuchinja kwebhatiri). chikuva) inovhara sedans, SUVs, MPVs uye kunyange logistics mota uye mamwe mamodheru, uye nekuedza kuyedza muB-kuguma mota-kusheedzera uye C-yekupedzisira ega ega ega ega ekushandisa magetsi anodiwa panguva imwe chete. Musi waKubvumbi 27, CATL neAIWAYS vakasaina chibvumirano cheEVOGO bhatiri chekuchinjanisa chirongwa chekushandira pamwe. Zvinoenderana nechibvumirano, mapato ese ari maviri achashandisa AIWAYS U5 semutakuri kuti agadzire pamwe chete yakasanganiswa bhatiri shanduko shanduro, iyo yakarongwa kuunzwa kumusika muchikamu chechina chegore rino. , Varidzi veAiways vanosarudza shanduro yakasanganiswa yebhatiri vanogona kunakidzwa nebasa reEVOGO bhatiri rinoparadzanisa simba remotokari, rinogovera magetsi pane zvinodiwa, uye rinogona kubhadharwa nekutsiviwa.
Musi waMay 6, Changan Deep Blue yakazivisa ruzivo rwekugadzirisa sedan yayo C385, iyo inogona kutsigira zvakasiyana-siyana zvemasimba kusanganisira bhatiri swapping modes. Motokari itsva iyi ichaparurwa zviri pamutemo muna Nyamavhuvhu. Musi waChikumi 2, batch rekutanga remabhatiri-akachinjana tekisi (Nezha U Pro) iyo yakamhara muNanning, Guangxi yakaunzwa zviri pamutemo. Hezhong, Chery nemamwe maOEM gumi nematanhatu asvika mukushandira pamwe kwemakumi matatu+ mabhatiri ekuchinjanisa modhi) Inotungamirwa neyakagovaniswa bhatiri yekuchinja sevhisi network yakavakwa muNanning uye mutemo wekuchinja bhatiri, Hozon Nezha anobatana maoko neAodong New Energy neNorthern Taxi Kambani uye mamwe mabhizinesi anosimudzira mashandisirwo uye kusimudzira kwesimba rekuchinjana masimba mumusika weNanning. Musi waChikumi 13, MG MULAN yakaburitsa zviri pamutemo chimiro chitsva chehunyanzvi, uye bhatiri reSAIC "Magic Cube" rinogona kutsigira shanduko yemagetsi rakadhindwa kekutanga. Musi waChikunguru 6, NIO yakati huwandu hwese hwemabhatiri ezviteshi munyika yasvika 1,011. Ruilan Automobile ichawedzera kunzvimbo dzese dzenyika ne "Chongqing" semusasa wayo wekuvaka. Inoronga kuvaka zvinopfuura 5,000 bhatiri shanduko zviteshi muna 2025, inofukidza 100. pamusoro pemaguta.
Zviito zvinogara zvichiitwa zvemhando dzemotokari dzesimba senge SAIC, Changan, neNezha mumusika wekuchinjana mabhatiri zvese zvinoenderana nekufambisa kwemavhiri maviri ezvido zvevashandisi nemitemo.
Zvinonzwisiswa kuti mwero wekupinda kwemotokari nyowani dzesimba unotarisirwa kudarika 30% muna 2025, izvo zvinowedzera zvakanyanya kudiwa kwevashandisi kwekuwedzera simba.Pamusoro pezvo, muna 2020, zvivakwa zvekuchaja zvichaverengerwa munzvimbo nomwe itsva dzezvivakwa; kubva 2021, marongero akakodzera ave achiunzwa, uye chirevo chebasa rehurumende chinonyatso kurudzira kuwedzera kuvakwa kwezvivakwa zvakaita sekuchaja mirwi.uye kuchinjanisa zviteshi.
2,
Zvakanakira nekuipira kwekuchinja kwebhatiri.
Parizvino, simba rekuwedzera remotokari dzemagetsi rinotsamira panzira mbiri: kuchinjanisa bhatiri nekuchaja, asi misoro yakadai seyokuti "kuchinja kwebhatiri kuchatsiva kuchaja here?" uye "bhatiri rekuchinja nzira iri nani here kana kuti yekuchaja iri nani?" , mamwe makambani emotokari uye kunyange nyanzvi dzemaindasitiri vanotenda kuti vari muhukama hwemakwikwi.
Pakutanga, Tong Zongqi, director weDhipatimendi reRuzivo reChina Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Promotion Alliance, akati, "Parizvino, nzira yekutsiva bhatiri inonyanya kutariswa mumunda wekushanda nemarori anorema. Motokari itsva dzemagetsi mubazi rakazvimirira dzichiri kudzorwa nekuchaja zvishoma nezvishoma, zvichiwedzerwa nekuchaja nekukurumidza, uye kutsiva bhatiri. Hazvisi kuzove zvakanyanya sekuwedzera. ”
Dzimwe nyanzvi dzakataurawo kuti kukurumidza kuchaja kune kukuvadza kukuru kune bhatiri remagetsi uye ine simba guru pane gidhi remagetsi. Kunyanya kana nhamba huru yemotokari yemagetsi inoshandisa kutengesa nokukurumidza panguva imwe chete, girasi remagetsi emunharaunda richange riri pasi pekumanikidzwa kukuru, uye kuchinjwa kwebheteri kuchava nemigumisiro yakawanda pabhatiri. Iko kukuvadza kudiki, uye peak uye mupata magetsi anogona kushandiswa zvakare, ayo anogona kuvandudza kushandiswa kwesimba.
Li Shufu, sachigaro weGeely Holding Group, mumiriri weNational People’s Congress, akaronga kuwedzera kuvakwa kwegadziriro yekuchinjana magetsi pazvikamu zviviri izvi gore rino. Anotenda kuti simba rekuchinjana nzira yekuparadzaniswa kwemotokari nemagetsi ine mabhenefiti maviri pamusoro pekuchaja nzira, iyo inobudirira yekuzadza simba uye kuderedza mutengo.
Panyaya yekuwedzera-simba rekuwedzera simba, kana mota dzemagetsi pamusika dzichishandisa nzira yekuchajisa nekukurumidza, mota zhinji dzemagetsi dzinogona kubhadhariswa kubva pa30% kusvika 80% mukati memaminitsi makumi matatu (chaizvoizvo zvinodarika maminetsi makumi matatu), uye zvinongotora 1 -5 maminitsi kana zvakadaro.Zvinonzi Aodong New Energy's ichangoburwa yechizvarwa chechina yekutsinhana kwemagetsi chiteshi yakawana hurongwa hwese hweminiti 1, uye maitiro ekuchinjana magetsi anotora 20S chete, inofananidzwa neyechiteshi chegesi.
Panyaya yemutengo, mabhatiri emagetsi anokwana makumi mana muzana emota yese. Iyo "motokari-yemagetsi yekubatanidza" yekuchaja mode inowedzera zvakanyanya mutengo wemotokari yese. Mumotokari-yemagetsi ekuparadzanisa mode, mutengo wekutenga wemotokari yemagetsi unogona kuderedzwa kusvika hafu.Naizvozvo, iyo bhatiri yekuchinja modhi haingopfupiki nguva yekuchaja, asi zvakare inobvisa kudzvanywa pane gidhi remagetsi, uye inogona zvakare kuderedza mutengo, iyo yave yakajairika kutarisa kwemabhizinesi.
Muchidimbu, iyo bhatiri yekutsiva modhi iri nyore kwazvo, ndiko kuti, chassis kana lateral simba bhatiri paki rinoshandiswa mumotokari nyowani yemagetsi inochinjirwa kune tekinoroji yekutsiva bhatiri, uye bhatiri paki rinobviswa uye rinotsiviwa panzvimbo yekutsiva kuti uwane chinangwa chekuwedzera simba.
Chikonzero chinoita kuti makambani mazhinji atarise iyo bhatiri yekutsiva modhi ndeyekuti inokodzera "kuchajiswa, kudzoreredzwa, uye kukwidziridzwa" mumamiriro akasiyana, uye ine hunhu hwekusiyanisa, kushanda nesimba, nyore, uye chengetedzo.Pamusoro peiyo yepamusoro-inoshanda yekuwedzera yataurwa pamusoro, zvakanakira zvayo zvinosanganisira zvinotevera mapoinzi mana:
1. Wedzera hupenyu hwebhatiri.Bhatiri iri mubhatiri yekuchinja mode inobhadharwa pa yunifomu inomhanya uye yakanangidzirwa mune inogara tembiricha uye humidity kuchaja compartment, iyo inodzivirira SOH (hutano) uye SOC (cruising range) mubhatiri. Kunyange kana kuchitonhora, inogona kukurumidza kupa mutero wakakwana kumotokari. Battery, usazvinetse nekusachaja.
2. Kuvandudza kuchengetedzwa kwebhatiri.Mune bhatiri shanduko modhi, kumashure kwechiteshi chekuchinja kunoongorora mamiriro ebhatiri nenguva uye kubvisa kukanganisa kwebhatiri uye kumwe kuchengetedza kuchengetedza, nekudaro ichidzikisa kupisa kwemotokari uye kurasikirwa kwekuchengetedza kunokonzerwa nekupisa kwekutiza kwebhatiri remagetsi.
3. Deredza chikumbaridzo chekutenga motokari.Kuenzaniswa ne "motokari-yekubatanidza magetsi" yekuchaja modhi, iyo "motokari-yemagetsi kupatsanurwa" magetsi ekuchinjana maitiro akakodzera kurenda akasiyana mabhatiri emagetsi munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzekufamba, izvo zvisingangogone kuderedza mutengo wekutenga kwemushandisi, asi zvakare kuziva kwenguva refu. -anogara ekushandiswa kwemotokari mamiriro. .
4. Inobatsira pakugadzirisa zvakare.Semuyenzaniso, iyo cascade kushandiswa kwemabhatiri e-lithium kunogona kunyatso kuvandudza huwandu hwehupfumi hwenharaunda yese.
Chokwadi, pane zvakanakira nekuipira kuchinjanisa.Battery swapping iindasitiri inorema yeasset, iyo ine mutengo wakakura kune vanoisa mari uye nguva refu yekubhadhara. Kugaro plugging nekuburitsa mabhatiri emagetsi kune njodzi.Panguva imwecheteyo, dzimwe nyanzvi dzakaratidza kuti chiyero chemotokari dzakachinjwa kuchengetedza mabhatiri inofanira kuva 1: 1.3 kuti ive inonzwisisika, asi izvi hazvisizvo.
Tichitora NIO semuenzaniso, chiyero chazvino cheNIO kutsiva bhatiri chinenge 1: 1.04. Nekuti chiyero chekutenga mota uye kutsiva bhatiri zviri pachena kuti haina kuenzana, NIO yanga ichivaka mabhatiri ekutsiva mumakore maviri apfuura. Nekuedza muchiteshi chemagetsi, chirongwa chekutenga mota yeBaas chakatangwa naWeilai chave nzira yekusimudzira yekutengesa mota nyowani.
Musi waChikumi 28, NIO yakataura kuti yakapa anopfuura mamirioni mazana mapfumbamwe nemazana manomwe ekuchinja kwebhatiri pazviteshi makumi mapfumbamwe nenomwe pasi rose, uye yakapedza 4,795 mirwi yakawandisa uye 4,391 yekuchaja mirwi, asi ichiri mukurasikirwa. .
3,
Kune akawanda matambudziko, uye purofiti modhi ndiyo yekupedzisira bvunzo.
Chikonzero nei mamwe makambani emotokari asina tarisiro pamusoro peiyo bhatiri yekuchinja modhi ndeyekuti inoshanda chinangwa chimwe chete uye haina mwero.
Nekuda kwekusiyana kwesimba bhatiri dhizaini, zvigadzirwa, tekinoroji, nezvimwe, iyo simba density uye saizi yemabhatiri emagetsi haina yunifomu. Naizvozvo, chiteshi chemagetsi chekuchinjana chinogona kungoshanda modhi imwe chete, iyo inotungamira zviri nyore kune isingashande magetsi chiteshi zviwanikwa uye kushanda nesimba. Yakaderera uye mamwe mamiriro, nekudaro kukwidza mutengo wekushandisa uye chiyero chekushandiswa kwekuvakwa kwechiteshi chekuchinjana magetsi.
Muchokwadi, iyo yakakosha pfungwa yekuchinjisa bhatiri iri mukuparadzaniswa kwemotokari nemagetsi, mabhatiri akajairwa, uye kuzadzikiswa kweiyo yakazvimirira yakavharwa loop yesimba.Zvisinei, zvakaoma chaizvo kuenzanisa bhatiri. Kune akawanda anosvika 145 marudzi emabhatiri emagetsi pamusika. Iyo nzira dzekutsinhana kwemagetsi dzinosanganisira kuchinjisa simba repadivi, sub-bhokisi simba rekuchinjana, uye chassis simba rekuchinjana. Zvakaoma kuchinja simba idzva nokuda kwezvikonzero zvakawanda. Vagadziri vane mazano ekugadzira uye zviyero zvemabhatiri emagetsi, saka kana iwe uchida kuzadzisa chiyero che "universal battery swap", unofanira kuyambuka gap guru.
Uye nekuda kwehukama hwemakwikwi pakati pevagadziri vemagetsi emagetsi matsva, dhizaini yemabhatiri emagetsi uye nzira yekutsinhana kwemagetsi inosiyaniswa, uye hapana anoda kuzivisa mhinduro dzavo kana kutora mhinduro dzeanokwikwidza.
Parizvino, makambani mazhinji ari kutotanga dhizaini yakajairika yemabhatiri mapaketi, asi zvinotora nguva kuumba simba rekurwisa.
Nekudaro, dambudziko rakakura kumagetsi ekuchinjanisa maitiro hakusi kushaikwa kweiyo yakabatana mwero wemabhatiri emagetsi, asi maitiro ekuvandudza mwero wekushandiswa kwechiteshi chimwe chete kuti uwane pundutso.
Zvinoenderana nemuenzaniso wekuverenga weCITIC Securities Research Institute, mutengo wekuvaka wechiteshi chimwe chete chechiteshi chekuchinjanisa mota dzevatyairi ungangoita 4.9 miriyoni yuan, uye mutengo wekuvaka wechiteshi chimwe chete chekutengesa mota dzekutengesa ungangoita mamirioni gumi yuan. Iyo yekuputsika-kunyangwe poindi yekutanga inoenderana ne20% yehuwandu hwekushandisa. Kuverengera kwakakasharara kubatira mota makumi matanhatu pazuva; iyo yekupwanya-kunyangwe poindi yekupedzisira ndeye 10%, ndiko kuti, makumi maviri nemana mota dzinoshandiswa pazuva. Tichitarisa kubva kunhamba yezviteshi zvekuchinja panguva ino, iyo break-even point haigone kusvika zvachose.
Iyo data inogona kugara ichiratidzira zvakanyanya mamiriro chaiwo. Tichitora wechitatu-bato simba rekuchinjanisa magetsi Aodong New Energy semuenzaniso, iyo yakazara mari kubva 2018 kusvika 2020 yaive 82.4749 miriyoni yuan, 212 miriyoni yuan uye 190 miriyoni yuan, uye mambure kurasikirwa kwakateerana Iri 186 miriyoni yuan, 162 miriyoni yuan. uye 249 miriyoni yuan, nekuwanda kurasikirwa kwe597 miriyoni yuan mumakore matatu.
Naizvozvo, pamberi pemusika mudiki wepamhepo-yekutengesa mota, marongerwo ezviteshi zvekuchinja mabhatiri haana kukwana, uye kusapindirana kwemaitiro ebhatiri kunokanganisa zvido uye nzira dzekusimudzira mapato ese. Izvo zvakanyanya kuomera maOEM.
4,
pakupedzisira:
Hazvirambike kuti, kana zvichienzaniswa nekuchaja, kuchinjisa bhatiri kune mukana wakakura mukugadzirisa simba rekuzadza.
Tisingarevi kana iyo bhatiri yekuchinja modhi ichatsiva yekuchaja modhi mune ramangwana, zvirinani kubva pakuona kwemakambani mazhinji emotokari ari kutora chikamu mubhatiri shanduko modhi, mhinduro yebhatiri inogoneka, inoshanda zvakanyanya bhatiri manejimendi, uchifunga nezvekuchengetedza simba. , uye diki kukanganisa pane giredhi remagetsi inokurumidza. Charge haigone kuitwa.
Kubva pamaonero eindastiri, kana kumisikidzwa uye kubatana kwemabhatiri emagetsi kuchizadzikiswa, zvinogoneka kuwana yakabatana kudzokorodza uye yakabatana masevhisi emusika, ayo anotungamira kumusoro uye kudzika kusimudzira kweiyo nyowani magetsi indasitiri yemotokari.
Zvichida kwenguva yakareba mune ramangwana, motokari itsva dzemagetsi dzichange dzichiri kunyanya kuenderana nekuchaja zvishoma nezvishoma, zvichiwedzerwa nekuchaja nekukurumidza uye kushandura bhatiri. Iyo yakabatana yenyika bhatiri chiyero haigone kugadziriswa, asi isu tinotenda kuti chero paine kudiwa mumusika, iyo traceability system inoda kuvandudzwa. , ine inogadzirisa optimization yemotokari-yemagetsi separation mode. Mushure mekunge bhatiri-swap modhi yazivikanwa, makambani mazhinji emotokari anoumba boka kuti awane 2-3 simba bhatiri zviyero, ipapo iyo bhatiri-swap modhi inofanirwa kuve nenzvimbo yekurarama nekusimudzira.
Nguva yekutumira: Aug-17-2022