Kubva kuBYD's blade bhatiri, kuenda kuHoneycomb Energy's cobalt-isina bhatiri, uyezve kune sodium-ion bhatiri yeCATL nguva, iyo indasitiri yebhatiri yemagetsi yakasangana nekuvandudzwa kunoramba kuripo. Gunyana 23, 2020 - Tesla Battery Day, Tesla CEO Elon Musk akaratidza nyika bhatiri idzva - bhatiri re4680.
Kare, saizi yecylindrical lithium mabhatiri ainyanya 18650 uye 21700, uye 21700 yaive ne50% yakawanda simba kupfuura 18650.Bhatiri re4680 rinopeta kashanu sero yebhatiri ye21700, uye bhatiri idzva rinogona kuderedza mutengo pa kilowatt-awa neanenge 14% uye kuwedzera rwendo rwekufamba ne16%.
Musk akataura pachena kuti bhatiri iri richaita $25,000 yemotokari yemagetsi inogoneka.
Saka, bhatiri rinotyisa iri rakabva kupi?Zvadaro, tinozviongorora chimwe nechimwe.
1. Chii chinonzi 4680 bhatiri?
Nzira yaTesla yekutumidza mabhatiri emagetsi iri nyore uye yakatwasuka.Bhatiri re4680, sekureva kunoita zita, bhatiri recylindrical rine sero rimwe dhayamita re46mm uye kureba kwe80mm.
Saizi nhatu dzakasiyana dze lithium-ion cylindrical mabhatiri
Sezvinoonekwa kubva pamufananidzo, zvichienzaniswa nekutanga Tesla 18650 bhatiri uye 21700 bhatiri, iyo 4680 bhatiri inotaridzika semurume murefu uye akasimba.
Asi iyo 4680 bhatiri haingori shanduko yehukuru, Tesla yakabatanidza yakawanda yehunyanzvi tekinoroji yekuvandudza mashandiro.
Chechipiri, tekinoroji nyowani ye4680 bhatiri
1. Electrodeless ear design
Intuitively, manzwiro makuru e4680 ndeyekuti yakakura.Saka nei vamwe vagadziri vasina kuita kuti bhatiri rikure munguva yakapfuura.Izvi zvinodaro nekuti iyo yakakura vhoriyamu uye yakakwira simba, kupisa kunonetsa kudzora uye yakakura kutyisidzira kwekuchengetedza kubva mukutsva uye kuputika.
Tesla sezviri pachena akafunga izvi zvakare.
Kuenzaniswa nebhatiri rekare recylindrical, hukuru hwekugadzirisa hutsva hwebhatiri 4680 ibheti re electrodeless, iro rinozivikanwawo seguru rakazara.Mubhatiri rechinyakare recylindrical, iwo mafoiri emhangura akanaka uye asina kunaka uye aruminiyamu foil separator akaturikidzana uye maronda. Kuti ubudise maelectrodes, waya yekutungamirira inonzi tab inosungirirwa kumativi maviri efoiri yemhangura uye foil yealuminium.
Kureba kwebhatiri yechinyakare 1860 ndeye 800mm. Kutora foil yemhangura ine conductivity iri nani semuenzaniso, kureba kwematabo ekutungamira magetsi kubva mufoiri yemhangura ndeye 800mm, iyo yakaenzana neino kupfuura nepakati pe800mm refu waya.
Nekuverenga, kupikisa kunenge 20mΩ, kureba kwebhatiri re2170 kunosvika 1000mm, uye kuramba kunenge 23mΩ.Inogona kushandurwa nyore nyore kuti firimu rehupamhi hwakafanana hunoda kukungurutswa mubhatiri re4680, uye kureba kwemhepo inenge 3800mm.
Pane zvakawanda zvisingabatsiri pakuwedzera kureba kwemhepo. Maerekitironi anoda kufamba chinhambwe chakareba kuti asvike kumatabo ari kumagumo ese ebhatiri, kuramba kunowedzera, uye bhatiri rinenge richinyanya kupisa.Kushanda kwebhatiri kuchadzikisira uye kutogadzira nyaya dzekuchengetedza.Kuti upfupise chinhambwe chinofambwa nemaerekitironi, bhatiri re4680 rinoshandisa tekinoroji yenzeve isina electrodeless.
Iyo electrodeless tebhu haina ma tabo, asi inoshandura iyo yese yekuunganidzira yazvino kuita tebhu, iyo conductive nzira haichatsamiri pane tebhu, uye ikozvino inotamiswa kubva kune lateral kutapurirana pamwe netabhu kuenda kune yekuunganidzira ndiro kune iyo longitudinal kuendesa muunganidzi wazvino.
Hurefu hwese conductive hwachinja kubva pa800 kuenda pa1000mm ye1860 kana 2170 copper foil kureba kusvika 80mm (bhatiri kureba).Kurwisana kunoderedzwa kusvika ku2mΩ, uye kushandiswa kwemukati kwekudzivirira kunoderedzwa kubva ku2W kusvika ku0.2W, iyo inoderedzwa zvakananga nekuraira kwehukuru.
Iyi dhizaini inoderedza zvakanyanya kukanganiswa kwebhatiri uye inogadzirisa dambudziko rekupisa kwebhatiri recylindrical.
Kune rumwe rutivi, electrodeless nzeve teknolojia inowedzera ikozvino conduction nzvimbo, inopfupisa ikozvino conduction chinhambwe, uye inoderedza zvikuru kupikisa kwemukati kwebheteri; kuderedzwa kwekupikiswa kwemukati kunogona kuderedza ikozvino offset phenomenon uye kuwedzera hupenyu hwebheteri; kuderedzwa kwekupikisa kunogonawo kuderedza chizvarwa chekupisa, uye electrode conductive coating Nzvimbo yekubatana inobudirira pakati pechigadziko uye chivharo chekuguma kwebheteri inogona kusvika ku100%, iyo inogona kuvandudza simba rekupisa kupisa.
Iyo 4680 bhatiri inotora mhando nyowani ye electrodeless nzeve tekinoroji maererano nesero chimiro, iyo inogona kuderedza mutengo uye kuwedzera kugona.Kune rimwe divi, iyo welding process yematebhu inosiiwa, kugona kwekugadzira kunovandudzwa, uye chiyero chekuremara chinokonzerwa newelding chinogona kuderedzwa panguva imwe chete.
Schematic diagram ye monopole uye yakazara-pole chimiro
2. Yakasanganiswa neCTC teknolojia
Kazhinji kutaura, kukura kwebhatiri saizi, mashoma mabhatiri anoda kuiswa mumotokari imwe chete.Iine 18650 maseru, Tesla inoda 7100 maseru.Kana ukashandisa 4680 mabhatiri, unongoda mazana mapfumbamwe emabhatiri.
Mashoma mabhatiri, anokurumidza kuunganidzwa, anowedzera kushanda zvakanaka, mikana mishoma yezvinetso muzvisungo zvepakati, uye mutengo wakachipa.Sekureva kwaTesla, iyo hombe 4680 inogona kuderedza mutengo wekugadzira mabhatiri ne14%.
Kuti uvandudze kuwanda kwesimba rebhatiri pack, bhatiri re4680 richasanganiswa neCTC (Cell to Chassis) tekinoroji.Iko kubatanidza masero ebhatiri zvakananga muchasisi.Nekubvisa zvachose ma modules uye bhatiri packs, masero ebhatiri anowedzera compact, nhamba yezvikamu zvebhatiri ichaderedzwa zvakanyanya, uye nzvimbo yekushandiswa kwechasisi ichavandudzwa zvikuru.
CTC ine zvimwe zvinodiwa pakusimba kwebhatiri. Iyo bhatiri pachayo inofanirwa kutakura yakawanda yemagetsi simba. Kana ichienzaniswa neiyo 18650 uye 2170 mabhatiri, 4680 bhatiri rimwechete rine simba rakakura rekuita uye simba repamusoro rechimiro, uye general square shell bhatiri iganda realuminium. Iyo 4680 goko rakagadzirwa nesimbi isina tsvina, uye iyo yemukati yekusimba simba inovimbiswa.
Kuenzaniswa nebhatiri rebheti, iyo cylindrical bhatiri dhizaini ichave inoshanduka, inogona kuchinjika kune akasiyana siyana chassis, uye inogona kusanganiswa zvirinani nesaiti.
Zvinoenderana nekutsvagisa uye kutonga kwe "EMF", CTC tekinoroji ndiyo tuyere yemotokari nyowani dzemagetsi muna 2022, uye zvakare iri forogo munzira.
Kubatanidzwa kwebhatiri mumuviri kunogona kuita kuti kuchengetedza kwemotokari kuve kwakaoma zvakanyanya, uye bhatiri rakaoma kutsiva zvakasununguka.Mushure mekutengesa-kutengesa mitengo yebasa ichawedzera, uye mari iyi ichaendeswa zvakananga kune vatengi, semari yeinishuwarenzi.Kunyangwe Musk achiti vakagadzira njanji dzekugadzirisa dzinogona kutemwa nekutsiviwa, zvinotora nguva kuona kuti zvichashanda sei.
Mazhinji makambani emotokari akaronga ega CTC tekinoroji mhinduro, nekuti haingogadzirizve bhatiri, asi inodawo kushandura chimiro chemuviri.Izvi zvine chekuita nekugovaniswazve kwevashandi muchikamu chekutengesa kwemaindasitiri ane hukama.
CTC ingori nzira yehunyanzvi.Ibhatiri muviri wakabatanidzwa, usina kuchinjwa disassembly.Pane imwe tekinoroji kubva pairi - kuchinja kwebhatiri.Iyo bhatiri yekuchinjanisa tekinoroji iri nyore kuparadzanisa, asi bhatiri rinopa mupiro mukuru kune simba rebhatiri.Maitiro ekusarudza nzira mbiri idzi mutambo pakati pevanotengesa mabhatiri uye maOEM.
CTC tekinoroji yakasanganiswa ne4680 bhatiri
3. Innovation mukugadzirwa kwebhatiri, cathode uye anode zvinhu
Tesla ichashandisa iyo yakaoma bhatiri electrode process, pane kushandisa solvent, shoma shoma (inenge 5-8%) yehupfu yakatsetseka yePTFE binder inosanganiswa nechakanaka/negative electrode poda, yakapfuura kuburikidza neextruder kuita chidimbu chitete che. electrode zvinhu, uye ipapo A tambo ye electrode zvinhu akanga laminated kune simbi foil ikozvino muunganidzi kuumba rakapera electrode.
Bhatiri rinogadzirwa nenzira iyi rinonyanya kushamwaridzana.Uye maitiro aya achawedzera simba rebhatiri uye kuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba kwekugadzira kagumi.Dry electrode tekinoroji ingangove iyo tekinoroji bhenji kuchizvarwa chinotevera.
Tesla 4680 bhatiri yakaoma electrode tekinoroji
Panyaya yemidziyo ye cathode, Tesla akataura kuti ichabvisawo cobalt chinhu mu cathode.Cobalt inodhura uye ishoma.Inogona kungocherwa munyika shoma pasi rose, kana munyika dzemuAfrica dzisina kugadzikana dzakaita seCongo.Kana bhatiri richinyatso bvisa cobalt element, inogona kunzi ndiyo huru tekinoroji innovation.
Cobalt
Panyaya yeanode zvinhu, Tesla ichatanga nesilicon zvinhu uye kushandisa yakawanda silicon kutsiva graphite iri kushandiswa parizvino.Iyo theoretical chaiyo kugona kwesilicon-based negative electrode yakakwira kusvika 4200mAh/g, iyo yakakwira zvakapetwa kagumi pane iyo yegraphite negative electrode.Nekudaro, silicon-yakavakirwa negative electrode zvakare ine matambudziko akadai nyore vhoriyamu kuwedzera kwesilicon, kushomeka kwemagetsi conductivity, uye hombe yekutanga kuchaja-kurasa kurasikirwa.
Naizvozvo, kuvandudzwa kwekuita kwezvinhu ndiko kuwana chiyero pakati pesimba resimba uye kugadzikana, uye ikozvino silicon-based anode zvigadzirwa zvinoiswa nesilicon uye graphite yekushandisa composite.
Tesla inoronga kushandura zvakanyanya kushambidzika kwesilicon pamusoro kuti iite kuti isanyanya kuputsika, tekinoroji isingangobvumiri mabhatiri kuchaja nekukurumidza, asiwo inowedzera hupenyu hwebhatiri ne20 muzana.Tesla akatumidza chinhu chitsva kuti "Tesla Silicon", uye mutengo i $ 1.2/KWh, inongove chikamu chimwe chete mugumi cheiyo iripo yakarongeka silicon process.
Silicon-based anodes inoonekwa sechizvarwa chinotevera lithium bhatiri anode zvinhu.
Mamwe mamodheru pamusika atanga kushandisa silicon-based anode zvinhu.Mienzaniso yakadai seTesla Model 3 inotobatanidza zviduku zvesilicon mumagetsi asina kunaka.Munguva pfupi yapfuura, iyo GAC AION LX Plus modhi yakatangwa. Iyo Qianli vhezheni yakashongedzerwa nesiponji silicon anode chip bhatiri tekinoroji, inogona kuwana chiuru chemakiromita ehupenyu hwebhatiri.
4680 bhatiri silicon anode
Kupfupisa zvakanakira 4680 bhatiri tekinoroji ndeyekuti inogona kuvandudza mashandiro uku ichidzikisa mutengo.
3. Iyo inosvika kure-inosvika mabhatiri e4680
Iyo 4680 bhatiri haisi shanduko yekupandukira tekinoroji, kwete budiriro mukuwanda kwesimba, asi yakawanda yekuvandudza mune process tekinoroji.
Zvisinei, inotungamirirwa naTesla, nokuda kwemaitiro emazuva ano emusika mutsva wemagetsi, kugadzirwa kwemabhatiri e4680 kuchashandura bhatiri iripo.Indasitiri ichaita zvisingadzivisiki kumisa mafungu makuru-vhoriyamu cylindrical mabhatiri.
Sekureva kwemishumo, Panasonic inoronga kutanga kugadzirwa kwakawanda kwemabhatiri e4680 makuru eTesla mukutanga kwa2023.Mari itsva iyi ichakwira kusvika pamabhiriyoni makumi masere emayen (inenge US$704 miriyoni).Samsung SDI uye LG Energy yakabatanawo nekuvandudzwa kwebhatiri re4680.
Mumba, Yiwei Lithium Energy yakazivisa kuti imwe yayo Yiwei Power inoronga kuvaka 20GWh hombe cylindrical bhatiri mutsara wekugadzira mota dzevafambi muJingmen High-tech Zone. BAK Battery uye Honeycomb Energy ichapindawo mumunda wemabhatiri makuru ecylindrical. BMW neCATL zvakare varikushingairira kuendesa mabhatiri mahombe cylindrical, uye iyo yekutanga pateni yakatemwa.
Battery Manufacturers 'Cylindrical Battery Layout
Chechina, simba re electromotive rine chekutaura
Iko kuvandudzwa kwemaitiro ebhatiri hombe yecylindrical pasina mubvunzo ichasimudzira kuvandudzwa kweindasitiri yebhatiri remagetsi. Izvo hazvisi nyore sekungosimudzira kubva ku5th bhatiri kuenda kune yekutanga bhatiri. Muviri wayo wakakora une mibvunzo mikuru.
Mutengo webhatiri uri pedyo ne40% yemutengo wemotokari yese. Kukosha kwebhatiri se "moyo" inozviratidza.Nekudaro, nekuzivikanwa kwemotokari nyowani dzemagetsi, kudiwa kwemabhatiri kuri kuwedzera zuva nezuva, uye mutengo wezvinhu uri kukwira. Kuvandudzwa kwemabhatiri kwave nzira yakakosha yemakambani emotokari kukura.
Nekuvandudzwa kwemagetsi ane chekuita nebhatiri, mota dzemagetsi dzinodhura dzave pedyo nekona!
Nguva yekutumira: Jun-13-2022