Chii chinonzi lidar uye lidar inoshanda sei?

　　1. Chii chinonzi Lidar?

Makambani emotokari akasiyana-siyana ari kusimbisa lidar, saka tinofanira kutanga tanzwisisa, chii chinonzi lidar?

LIDAR - Lidar, inzwa,inozivikanwa se "ziso rerobhoti", inzwa yakakosha inobatanidza laser, GPS chinzvimbo uye inertial yekuyera michina. Iyo nzira inodzosa nguva inodiwa yekuyera chinhambwe yakafanana nemusimboti kune radar, kunze kwekuti lasers anoshandiswa pachinzvimbo cheredhiyo masaisai.Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti lidar ndeimwe yeakakosha magadzirirwo emahara kuti abatsire mota kuwana yepamusoro-nhanho yakangwara yakabatsira kutyaira mabasa.

2. Lidar inoshanda sei?

Tevere, ngatitaure nezve kuti lidar inoshanda sei.

Chekutanga pane zvese, isu tinofanirwa kujekesa kuti lidar haishande yakazvimirira, uye kazhinji ine matatu makuru mamodule: laser transmitter, receiver, uye inertial positioning uye navigation.Kana iyo lidar iri kushanda, inoburitsa laser mwenje. Mushure mekusangana nechinhu, mwenje welaser unodzoserwa kumashure uye kugamuchirwa neCMOS sensor, nekudaro kuyera chinhambwe kubva mumuviri kuenda kuchipingaidzo.Kubva pamusimboti wemaonero, chero iwe uchifanirwa kuziva kumhanya kwechiedza uye nguva kubva pakuburitsa kuenda kuCMOS maonero, unogona kuyera chinhambwe chechipingamupinyi. Yakasanganiswa neiyo chaiyo-nguva GPS, inertial navigation ruzivo uye kuverenga kwekona ye laser radar, iyo system inogona kuwana chinhambwe chechinhu chiri pamberi. Rongedza ruzivo rwekutakura uye kureba.

Tevere, kana lidar ichigona kuburitsa akawanda lasers pane yakasetwa kona munzvimbo imwechete, inogona kuwana akawanda anotaridza masaini zvichienderana nezvipingamupinyi.Yakasanganiswa neiyo nguva yenguva, laser scanning angle, GPS chinzvimbo uye INS ruzivo, mushure mekugadzirisa data, ruzivo urwu ruchasanganiswa ne x, y, z coordinates kuti ive chiratidzo chetatu-dimensional ine ruzivo rwechinhambwe, ruzivo rwenzvimbo, nezvimwe. iyo algorithms, iyo sisitimu inogona kuwana akasiyana siyana anoenderana paramita senge mitsetse, nzvimbo, uye mavhoriyamu, nekudaro kumisikidza matatu-dimensional point Cloud mepu uye kudhirowa mepu yezvakatipoteredza, inogona kuve "maziso" emota.

3. Lidar Industry Chain

1) Transmitterchip: 905nm EEL chip kutonga kwaOsram kwakaoma kuchinja, asi mushure meVCSEL yazadza simba pfupi bhodhi kuburikidza neakawanda-junction maitiro, nekuda kwekudhura kwayo uye kuderera kwekushisa kudonha maitiro, ichaona zvishoma nezvishoma kutsiva EEL, iyo yepamba chip Changguang. Huaxin, Zonghui Xinguang akaunza mikana yebudiriro.

2) Receiver: Sezvo nzira ye905nm inoda kuwedzera nhambwe yekuona, zvinotarisirwa kuti SiPM neSPAD ichave maitiro makuru. 1550nm icharamba ichishandisa APD, uye chikumbaridzo chezvigadzirwa zvine hukama chakakwira. Parizvino, inonyanya kutongwa neSony, Hamamatsu uye ON Semiconductor. Iyo 1550nm musimboti Citrix uye 905nm Nanjing Core Vision uye Lingming Photonics inotarisirwa kutungamira mukupaza.

3) Calibration kupera: Iyo semiconductorLaser ine diki resonator mhango uye yakashata nzvimbo yemhando. Kuti usangane neiyo lidar standard, iyo inokurumidza uye inononoka mbezo inoda kurongeka kune optical calibration, uye mutsetse wemwenje sosi mhinduro inoda kuve homogenized. Kukosha kwerivha imwe chete mazana emayuan.

4) TEC: Sezvo Osram yagadzirisa tembiricha yekudonha kweEEL, VCSEL yagara ine yakaderera tembiricha yekudonha maitiro, saka lidar haichada TEC.

5) Kupera kwekuongorora: Chipingamupinyi chikuru chegirazi rinotenderera kudzora nguva, uye maitiro eMEMS akaoma. Xijing Technology ndiyo yekutanga kuwana kugadzirwa kwakawanda.

4. Gungwa renyeredzi pasi pekutsiviwa kwezvigadzirwa zvemumba

Kugadziriswa kweLidar hakusi kungowana kutsiva kwepamba uye rusununguko rwetekinoroji kudzivirira nyika dzekuMadokero kuti dzisabatike, asiwo chinhu chakakosha kudzikisa mitengo.

Mutengo unodhura inyaya isinganzvengeki, zvisinei, mutengo we lidar hauna kuderera, mutengo wekuisa imwe lidar mudziyo mumotokari ungangoita zviuru gumi zvemadhora US.

Mutengo wepamusoro we lidar wagara uri mumvuri wayo unoramba uripo, kunyanya kune mamwe epamusoro lidar mhinduro, chikuru chinomanikidza chinonyanya mutengo; lidar inoonekwa setekinoroji inodhura neindasitiri, uye Tesla akataura pachena kuti Kutsoropodza lidar kunodhura.

Vagadziri veLidar vanogara vachitsvaga kuderedza mutengo, uye sezvo tekinoroji inoshanduka, vavariro dzavo zvishoma nezvishoma dziri kuitika.Yechipiri-chizvarwa chakangwara zoom lidar haina kungova nekuita kwepamusoro, asiwo inoderedza mutengo nezvikamu zviviri kubva muzvitatu zvichienzaniswa nechizvarwa chekutanga, uye idiki muhukuru.Zvinoenderana nekufanotaura kwemaindasitiri, panosvika 2025, avhareji mutengo wekunze advanced lidar masisitimu inogona kusvika madhora mazana manomwe imwe neimwe.

Iyo yazvino yekusimudzira maitiro eiyo lidar indasitiri ndeyekuti tekinoroji nhanho iri kuwedzera kukura zuva nezuva, uye iyo nzvimbo iri kuswedera zvishoma nezvishoma.Kuwanikwa kweLiDAR kwapfuura nematanho akati wandei. Kutanga, yaitongwa nemakambani ekunze. Gare gare, makambani epamba akatanga uye akawedzera huremu hwavo. Ikozvino, hutongi huri kufamba zvishoma nezvishoma pedyo nemakambani epamba.

Mumakore achangopfuura, mafungu ekutyaira akazvimirira akabuda, uye vagadziri ve lidar vemo vakapinda mumusika zvishoma nezvishoma. Zvigadzirwa zvemukati zveindasitiri-giredhi lidar zvishoma nezvishoma zvave zvakakurumbira. Mumotokari dzemagetsi dzemagetsi epamba, makambani emuno emaradhi akaonekwa akateedzana.

Sekureva kweruzivo, panofanirwa kuve nemakambani makumi maviri kana makumi matatu emumba eradar, akadai saSagitar Juchuang, Hesai Technology, Beike Tianhui, Leishen Intelligence, nezvimwewo, pamwe nehofori dzemagetsi dzakaita seDJI neHuawei, pamwe neyakajairwa auto zvikamu hofori. .

Parizvino, zvakanakira mutengo wezvigadzirwa zvelidar zvakatangwa nevagadziri veChinese vakaita saHesai, DJI, uye Sagitar Juchuang zviri pachena, zvichityora chinzvimbo chinotungamira chenyika dzakabudirira dzakadai seUnited States mundima iyi.Kune zvakare makambani akadai seFocuslight Technology, Han's Laser, Guangku Technology, Luowei Technology, Hesai Technology, Zhongji Innolight, Kongwei Laser, neJuxing Technology. Maitiro uye ruzivo rwekugadzira runofambisa hunyanzvi mu lidar.

Parizvino, inogona kukamurwa kuita zvikoro zviviri, imwe iri kugadzira mechanic lidar, uye imwe iri kukiya zvakananga solid-state lidar zvigadzirwa.Mumunda wekutyaira wakazvimirira wega, Hesai ane chikamu chemusika chakanyanya; mundima yekutyaira yakaderera-inomhanya yakazvimirira, Sagitar Juchuang ndiye mugadziri mukuru.

Kubva pamaonero ekumusoro nekudzika kweketani yese yeindasitiri, nyika yangu yakarima akati wandei emabhizinesi ane simba uye akagadzira akanyanya kukwana eindasitiri cheni.Mushure memakore ekushingirira kwekudyara uye kuunganidza ruzivo, makambani emumba radar aedza zvakadzama muzvikamu zvawo zvemusika, achiratidzira musika patani yemaruva ari kutumbuka.

Kugadzirwa kwemazhinji chiratidzo chakakosha chekukura. Nekupinda mukugadzirwa kwehuwandu, mutengo uri kudererawo zvakanyanya. DJI yakazivisa muna Nyamavhuvhu 2020 kuti yawana kugadzirwa kwakawanda uye kupihwa kwemotokari yakazvimirira yekutyaira lidar, uye mutengo wadzika kusvika pachuru cheyuan. ; Uye Huawei, muna 2016 kuita pre-tsvakurudzo pane tekinoroji yeLidar, kuita prototype verification muna 2017, uye kuwana kugadzirwa kwakawanda muna 2020.

Kuenzaniswa nemaradhi anotengeswa kunze kwenyika, makambani epamba ane zvakanakira maererano nenguva yekugovera, kugadzirisa kwemabasa, kushandira pamwe kwesevhisi uye kurongeka kwemachaneli.

Mutengo wekutenga we lidar inotengwa kunze kwenyika wakakwira zvakati. Naizvozvo, mutengo wakaderera wemumba lidar ndiyo kiyi yekugara pamusika uye yakakosha simba rekutyaira rekutsiva mudzimba. Ehe, matambudziko mazhinji anoshanda senge nzvimbo yekudzikisa mutengo uye kukura kwekugadzirwa kwakawanda achiri muChina. Mabhizinesi achiri kufanira kutarisana nematambudziko mazhinji.

Kubva pakuzvarwa kwayo, iyo lidar indasitiri yakaratidza hunhu hwakasarudzika hwepamusoro tekinoroji level.Se tekinoroji iri kusimukira ine mukurumbira wepamusoro mumakore achangopfuura, tekinoroji yelidar ine zvipingamupinyi zvikuru zvehunyanzvi.Tekinoroji haisi dambudziko chete kumakambani anoda kupinda mumusika, asiwo dambudziko kumakambani ave arimo kwemakore mazhinji.

Parizvino, yekutsiva mudzimba, nekuti lidar machipisi, kunyanya izvo zvinodikanwa pakugadziriswa kwechiratidzo, kunyanya kuvimba nekutengesa kunze kwenyika, izvi zvakasimudza mutengo wekugadzira wembavha kusvika pamwero wakati. Iyo yakanamatira mutsipa purojekiti iri kuenda kunze kugadzirisa dambudziko.

Pamusoro pezvavo zvehunyanzvi zvinhu, makambani emumba eradar anofanirwawo kukudziridza kugona kwakazara, kusanganisira tekinoroji yekutsvagisa nekusimudzira masisitimu, yakagadzika macheni ekupa uye kugona kwekugadzira kwakawanda, kunyanya mushure mekutengesa kwemhando yekusimbisa.

Pasi pemukana we "Made in China 2025", vagadziri vepamba vanga vachibata mumakore achangopfuura uye vakaita zvakawanda.Parizvino, kugarisana kuri munguva iyo mikana nematambudziko ari kunyanya kujeka, uye ndiyo nhanho yekutanga yekutsiva lidar import.

Chechina, kumhara application ndiro izwi rekupedzisira

Hakusi kuwedzeredza kutaura kuti kushandiswa kwe lidar kwaunza nguva iri kukwira, uye bhizinesi rayo guru rinonyanya kubva kumisika ina mikuru, inova maindasitiri otomatiki., zvivakwa zvakangwara, marobhoti uye mota.

Kune kusimba kwakasimba mumunda wekutyaira wega, uye musika wemotokari lidar uchabatsirwa nekupinda kweyepamusoro-nhanho yekutyaira yakazvimiririra uye kuchengetedza kukura nekukurumidza.Mazhinji makambani emotokari atora zvigadziriso zvelidar, achitora danho rekutanga rakananga kuL3 neL4 kuzvityaira.

2022 iri kuita hwindo rekushandura kubva kuL2 kuenda kuL3/L4. Seye musimboti kiyi sensor yeautonomous kutyaira tekinoroji, lidar yakaita basa rinowedzera kukosha mundima dzine hukama mumakore achangopfuura. Zvinotarisirwa kuti kubva 2023, mota lidar track ichapinda inoenderera yeKukura kwekukurumidza nguva.

Sekureva kwesecurity research report, muna 2022, yekuChina yekumisikidza mota yevanotakura mota inodarika zviuru makumi masere. Zvinotarisirwa kuti nzvimbo yemusika welidar munzvimbo yemotokari dzevafambi munyika yangu ichasvika 26.1 bhiriyoni yuan muna 2025 uye 98 bhiriyoni yuan panosvika 2030.Vehicle lidar yapinda munguva yekuputika kudiwa, uye tarisiro yemusika yakakura kwazvo.

Unmanned ndiyo muitiro mumakore achangopfuura, uye unmanned haigoni kuparadzaniswa nemaziso euchenjeri - nzira yekufambisa.Laser navigation ine ruzivo rwakakura muhunyanzvi uye kumhara kwechigadzirwa, uye ine chaiyo kubva, uye inogona kushanda zvakatsiga munzvimbo zhinji, kunyanya murima rehusiku. Inogonawo kuchengetedza kunyatsoonekwa. Parizvino ndiyo yakanyanya kugadzikana uye yakajairika chinzvimbo uye nzira yekufambisa.Muchidimbu, maererano nekushandiswa, musimboti welaser navigation uri nyore uye tekinoroji yakakura.

Isina munhu, yakapinda muminda yekuvaka, migodhi, kubvisa njodzi, sevhisi, zvekurima, kuongorora nzvimbo uye kushandiswa kwemauto. Lidar yave yakajairika nzira yekufambisa munzvimbo ino.

Kutanga muna 2019, akawanda uye akawanda emumba radar akaiswa mumapurojekiti chaiwo evatengi, pane kungoyedza prototype mumusangano.2019 inzvimbo yakakosha yemvura kumakambani epamba lidar. Zvikumbiro zvemusika zvakapinda zvishoma nezvishoma mumakesi chaiwo eprojekiti, kuwedzera nzvimbo dzekushandisa uye chiyero, kutsvaga misika yakasiyana, uye kuve sarudzo yakajairika kumakambani. .

Iko kushandiswa kwe lidar kuri kupararira zvishoma nezvishoma, kusanganisira indasitiri isingatyairi, irobhoti rebasaindasitiri, iyo Internet yeMotokari indasitiri, iyo yakangwara yekufambisa, uye guta rakangwara. Iko kusanganiswa kwe lidar uye drones kunogona zvakare kudhirowa mepu dzemakungwa, ice caps, uye masango.

Unmanned ndiyo inonyanya kukosha ye smart logistics. Mukufambisa uye kugovera kwe smart logistics, nhamba huru yetekinoroji isina kunyorwa ichashandiswa - marobhoti emafoni ekutakura zvinhu uye mota dzisina kufambiswa, iyo inonyanya kukosha chikamu chiri lidar.

Mumunda we smart logistics, iyo chiyero chekushandisa che lidar iri kuwedzerawo zuva nezuva. Zvingave kubva pakubata kuenda kune warehousing kana Logistics, lidar inogona kufukidzwa zvizere uye kuwedzeredzwa kune smart ports, smart transportation, smart chengetedzo, smart masevhisi, uye nehungwaru hutongi hwemaguta.

Mumamiriro ezvinhu ekugadzirisa zvinhu zvakadai sezvikepe, lidar inogona kuve nechokwadi chekugadzirisa kwekutakura zvinhu uye kuderedza kuoma kwekushanda kwevashandi.Panyaya yekufambisa, lidar inogona kubatsira mukuonekwa kwemagedhi e-high-speed toll uye kuona kuti motokari dzinopfuura dzinosangana nezvinodiwa.Panyaya yekuchengeteka, lidar inogona kuve maziso emhando dzakasiyana dzekuchengetedza kuchengetedza michina.

Mumunda wekugadzira maindasitiri, kukosha kwe lidar kunogara kuchiratidzwa. Mumutsara wekugadzira, inogona kuburitsa basa rekutarisa zvinhu uye kuona otomatiki kushanda.

Lidar (Kuona Chiedza uye Kupenya) tekinoroji yekuona kure kure inonzwa iyo iri kuramba ichibuda seimwe nzira inodhura kune yechinyakare yekuongorora maitiro senge photogrammetry.Mumakore achangopfuura, lidar uye drones zvakagara zvichionekwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzekushandisa nenzira yechibhakera chakabatanidzwa, kazhinji ichigadzira mhedzisiro ye1 + 1> 2.

Iyo tekinoroji nzira ye lidar inogara ichivandudza. Iko hakuna general lidar architecture inogona kusangana nezvinodiwa zveese akasiyana maapplication. Mazhinji maapplication akasiyana ane akasiyana mafomu zvinhu, minda yekuona, renji kugadzirisa, mashandisiro emagetsi uye mutengo. Zvinoda.

Lidar ine zvayakanakira, asi maitiro ekuwedzera mabhenefiti anoda rubatsiro rwehunyanzvi. Intelligent zoom lidar inogona kugadzira matatu-dimensional stereo mifananidzo, kunyatsogadzirisa zvakanyanyisa mamiriro akadai sebacklighting yemitsara yekuona uye kuomerwa kuona zvinhu zvisina kujairika.Nekuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji, lidar ichaita chikamu chayo mundima dzakawanda dzisingatarisirwe dzekushandisa, zvichitiunzira zvimwe zvinoshamisa.

Munguva yanhasi apo mutengo uri mambo, ma radar emutengo wepamusoro haana kumbobvira ave sarudzo yemusika mukuru. Kunyanya mukushandiswa kweL3 autonomous kutyaira, mutengo wakakwira wemaradhi ekunze ndiwo uchiri chipingamupinyi chikuru pakuita kwayo. Izvo zvakakosha kuti uone kupinza panzvimbo kune emumba radar.

Lidar yagara iri mumiriri webudiriro uye mashandisirwo eichibuda matekinoroji. Kunyangwe iyo tekinoroji yakakura kana kwete zvine chekuita nekushandiswa kwayo uye kusimudzira kugadzirwa kwehuwandu.Tekinoroji yakakura haingowanikwi chete, asiwo zvinoenderana nemitengo yehupfumi, chinja kune akasiyana mamiriro, uye chengetedza zvakakwana.

Mushure memakore akati wandei ekuunganidzira tekinoroji, zvigadzirwa zvitsva zveLidar zvakaramba zvichitangwa, uye nekufambira mberi kwehunyanzvi, mashandisiro azvo akawedzera kuwanda.Mamiriro ekushandisa ari kuwedzerawo, uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvakatengeswa kumisika mikuru muEurope neUnited States.

Ehezve, makambani eLidar anotarisanawo nenjodzi dzinotevera: kusavimbika mukudiwa, nguva refu yekukwira-yepamusoro yevatambi kuti vawedzere kugadzirwa kwehuwandu, uye nguva yakareba yekuti lidar ibudise mari chaiyo semupi.

Makambani emudzimba akaunganidza mumunda we lidar kwemakore mazhinji achashanda zvakadzika muzvikamu zvawo zvemusika, asi kana vachida kutora migove yakawanda yemusika, vanofanirwa kusanganisa yavo yekuunganidza tekinoroji, kuchera zvakadzika mukati meiyo yakakosha matekinoroji, uye kuvandudza nekuvandudza. zvigadzirwa. Hunhu uye kugadzikana kushanda nesimba.