Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti mukuvaka kwesimba idzva rakachena mota dzemagetsi, mutongi wemotokari VCU, mota controller MCU uye bhatiri manejimendi system BMS ndiyo inonyanya kukosha tekinoroji, ine simba guru pasimba, hupfumi, kuvimbika uye kuchengetedzwa kweiyo bhatiri. motokari. Yakakosha pesvedzero, kuchine zvimwe zvimhingamipinyi zvehunyanzvi mumatatu emagetsi masisitimu emota, magetsi ekudzora uye bhatiri, ayo anotaurwa muzvinyorwa zvinorema. Chinhu chimwe chete chisina kutaurwa ndeye mechanical otomatiki transmission system, sekunge isipo, pane giya bhokisi chete, uye haigone kuita bopoto.
Pamusangano wepagore weGear Technology Branch yeChinese Society of Automotive Engineers, musoro wekutumira otomatiki wemotokari dzemagetsi wakamutsa kufarira kukuru pakati pevatori vechikamu. Mukufungidzira, mota dzemagetsi dzakachena hadzidi kutapurirana, chete inoderedza ine reshiyo yakatarwa. Nhasi, vanhu vakawanda uye vakawanda vanoziva kuti motokari dzemagetsi dzinoda kutumira otomatiki. sei zvakadaro? Chikonzero nei vagadziri vemotokari dzemagetsi epamba vachigadzira mota dzemagetsi vasingashandisi kutumira imhaka yekuti vanhu pakutanga havana kunzwisisa kuti mota dzemagetsi hadzidi kutapurirana. Zvadaro, haisi mari-inoshanda; iyo indasitiri yemotokari yemotokari otomatiki transmission ichiri yakaderera, uye hapana yakakodzera otomatiki kutapurirana kusarudza kubva. Nokudaro, "Technical Conditions for Pure Electric Passenger Vehicles" haitauri mashandisirwo emagetsi ekufambisa, uye haitauri miganhu yekushandiswa kwesimba. Iyo yakagadziriswa reshiyo inoderedza ine giya rimwe chete, zvekuti mota kazhinji iri munzvimbo yakaderera-inoshanda, iyo isingangopedzi simba rakakosha rebhatiri, asi inowedzerawo zvinodiwa zveiyo traction mota uye inoderedza kutyaira kwemotokari. Kana yakashongedzerwa neotomatiki kutapurirana, kumhanya kwemota kunogona kushandura kumhanya kwemotokari, kuvandudza zvakanyanya kushanda, kuchengetedza simba remagetsi, kuwedzera huwandu hwekutyaira, uye kuwedzera kugona kukwira mumagiya akaderera.
Muzvinafundo Xu Xiangyang, mutevedzeri wemukuru weChikoro cheKutakurwa kweSainzi neUinjiniya, Beihang University, vakati mubvunzurudzo nevatori venhau: "Mafambisirwo emagetsi akawanda anomhanyisa mota dzemagetsi ane tarisiro yakakura yemusika." Iyo mota yemagetsi yemotokari dzemutakuri dzemagetsi dzakachena dzine hombe yakaderera-inomhanya torque. Panguva ino, iyo motokari Kushanda kwemotokari yemagetsi kwakaderera zvakanyanya, saka motokari yemagetsi inoshandisa magetsi akawanda painotangira, ichikurumidza uye ichikwira kumateru pasi pasi. Izvi zvinoda kushandiswa kwemagiya mabhokisi kudzikisa kupisa kwemota, kuderedza mashandisirwo esimba, kuwedzera rwendo rwekufamba, uye kugadzirisa masimba emotokari. Kana pasina chikonzero chekuvandudza mashandiro emagetsi, simba remota rinogona kudzikiswa kuti riwedzere kuchengetedza simba, kugadzirisa rwendo rwekufamba, uye kurerutsa kutonhora kwemota kudzikisa mutengo. Zvisinei, kana motokari yemagetsi ikatanga nekumhanya kwakaderera kana kukwira pamateru, mutyairi haazonzwi kuti simba harina kukwana uye kushandiswa kwesimba kwakanyanyisa, saka motokari yemagetsi yakachena inoda kutumirwa kwemagetsi.
Sina blogger Wang Huaping 99 akati munhu wese anoziva kuti kuwedzera huwandu hwekutyaira ndiyo kiyi yekuzivikanwa kwemotokari dzemagetsi. Kana motokari yemagetsi yakashongedzerwa nekutapurirana, dhiraivha yekutyaira inogona kuwedzerwa neinenge 30% ine bhatiri rakaenzana. Iyi pfungwa yekuona yakasimbiswa nemunyori paaitaurirana nevakawanda vanogadzira motokari yemagetsi. BYD's Qin ine mbiri-clutch otomatiki transmission yakazvimiririra yakagadziridzwa neBYD, iyo inovandudza zvakanyanya kutyaira zvakanaka. Zvinonzwisisika kuti zvakanaka kuisa transmission mumotokari dzemagetsi, asi hapana mugadziri wekuiisa? Chiripo ndechekuti kusave nekutapurirana chaiko.
Kana iwe uchingofunga nezve kukurumidza kuita kwemotokari dzemagetsi, mota imwe yakakwana. Kana iwe uine yakaderera giya uye ari nani matai, unogona kuwana yakanyanya kukwirisa pakutanga. Naizvozvo, zvinotendwa kuti kana mota yemagetsi ine 3-kumhanya giya bhokisi, kuita kunozovandudzwawo zvakanyanya. Zvinonzi Tesla akafungawo gearbox rakadai. Nekudaro, kuwedzera giya bhokisi hakungo wedzera mutengo, asi zvakare kunounza kumwe kurasikirwa kwekugona. Kunyangwe yakanaka mbiri-clutch gearbox inogona chete kuwana zvinopfuura 90% kutapurirana zvakanaka, uye zvakare inowedzera huremu, iyo isingangodzikisi simba, inowedzerawo kushandiswa kwemafuta. Saka zvinoita sekunge zvisina basa kuti uwedzere giya bhokisi rekuita zvakanyanya izvo vanhu vazhinji vasina basa nazvo. Chimiro chemotokari injini yakabatanidzwa munhevedzano nekutumira. Ko mota yemagetsi ingatevedzera iyi pfungwa here? Parizvino, hapana nyaya yakabudirira yaonekwa. Kuiisa mukati kubva kune iripo mota yekufambisa yakakurisa, inorema uye inodhura, uye kuwana kunodarika kurasikirwa. Kana pasina yakakodzera, chete inoderedza ine yakagadziriswa yekumhanyisa reshiyo inogona kushandiswa pairi.
Kana iri yekushandiswa kwe-multi-speed kuchinja kwekusimudzira kuita, iyi pfungwa haisi nyore kuona, nekuti nguva yekuchinja yegiya bhokisi ichakanganisa kukurumidza kuita, uye simba richadzikiswa zvakanyanya panguva yekuchinja, zvichikonzera hombe shift shock, izvo zvinokuvadza mota yese. Kutsetseka uye kunyaradza kwechigadzirwa kuchava nemigumisiro yakaipa. Tichitarisa mamiriro emota dzepamba, zvinozivikanwa kuti zvakanyanya kuoma kugadzira giya bhokisi rinokwanisa kupfuura injini yekupisa yemukati. Ndiwo maitiro akajairwa kurerutsa chimiro chemagetsi emotokari dzemagetsi. Kana bhokisi regiya rakagurwa, panofanira kunge paine makakatanwa akakwana ekuwedzera zvakare.
Tinogona kuzviita zvinoenderana neazvino tekinoroji mazano enharembozha? Iyo Hardware yenharembozha iri kusimukira munzira yeakawanda-musimboti yakakwira uye yakaderera frequency. Panguva imwecheteyo, musanganiswa wakasiyana-siyana unoshevedzwa zvakakwana kuti uunganidze mafrequency akasiyana emusimboti wega wega kudzora mashandisirwo emagetsi, uye haisiriyo imwe yepamusoro-inoita musimboti inoenda munzira yese.
Pamotokari dzemagetsi, hatifanire kupatsanura mota neinodzikisira, asi tinofanira kubatanidza mota, chinodzikisira uye chinodzora mota pamwe chete, imwe seti, kana seti akati wandei, ane simba zvakanyanya uye anoita. . Huremu nemutengo hausi kudhura zvakanyanya here?
Ongorora, semuenzaniso, BYD E6, iyo mota simba i90KW. Kana iyo yakakamurwa kuita maviri 50KW mota uye yakasanganiswa kuita imwe dhiraivha, huremu hwese hwemota hwakafanana. Iwo maviri mota anosanganiswa pane inoderedza, uye huremu hunongowedzera zvishoma. Kunze kwezvo, kunyangwe iyo mota controller ine akawanda mota, iyo yazvino inodzorwa ishoma.
Mune iyi pfungwa, pfungwa yakaumbwa, ichiita bopoto pane inoderedza mapuraneti, kubatanidza mota A kune giya rezuva, uye kufambisa mhete yekunze kuti ibatanidze imwe B mota. Panyaya yechimiro, iwo maviri mota anogona kuwanikwa akasiyana. Iyo yekumhanyisa reshiyo, uye wobva washandisa mota controller kudaidza mamotor maviri, pane fungidziro yekuti mota ine braking basa kana isiri kutenderera. Mune dzidziso yemagiya epuraneti, mota mbiri dzakaiswa pane imwechete inodzikisira, uye idzo dzine nhanho dzekumhanya dzakasiyana. Iyo mota A inosarudzwa ine hombe yekumhanyisa ratio, hombe torque uye inononoka kumhanya. Mamhanyiro emota B anokurumidza kupfuura diki kumhanya. Unogona kusarudza mota paunoda. Kumhanya kwemamotor maviri kwakasiyana uye hakuna hukama kune mumwe nemumwe. Kumhanya kwemamotor maviri akaiswa kumusoro panguva imwe chete, uye torque ndiyo avhareji kukosha kweiyo inobuda torque yemamotor maviri.
Mune iyi musimboti, inogona kukwidziridzwa kusvika kune anopfuura matatu mota, uye nhamba inogona kusetwa sezvinodiwa, uye kana imwe mota ikadzoserwa kumashure (AC induction mota haishande), iyo inobuda nekukurumidza inokwidziridzwa, uye kune imwe inononoka kumhanya, inofanira kuwedzerwa. Iko kusanganiswa kwe torque kwakakodzera kwazvo, kunyanya kune mota dzemagetsi dzeSUV uye mota dzemitambo.
Iko kushandiswa kweakawanda-speed otomatiki kutapurirana, tanga waongorora mota mbiri, BYD E6, iyo mota simba i90KW, kana yakakamurwa kuita maviri 50 KW mota uye yakasanganiswa kuita imwe drive, iyo A motor inogona kumhanya 60 K m / H, uye B mota inogona kumhanya 90 K m/H, iwo maviri mota anogona kumhanya 150 K m/H panguva imwe chete. ①Kana mutoro wacho uchirema, shandisa mota yeA kumhanyisa, uye kana yasvika 40 K m/H, wedzera B mota kuti iwedzere kumhanya. Ichi chimiro chine hunhu hwekuti pa, kudzima, kumira uye kutenderera kumhanya kwemamotor maviri hakuzobatanidzwa kana kurambidzwa. Kana iyo A mota ine imwe kumhanya asi isina kukwana, iyo B mota inogona kuwedzerwa kune yekumhanyisa kuwedzera chero nguva. ②B mota inogona kushandiswa kusvika pakati kumhanya kana pasina mutoro. Mota imwe chete inogona kushandiswa kwepakati uye yakaderera kumhanya kuti isangane nezvinodiwa, uye mota mbiri chete dzinoshandiswa panguva imwe chete kune yakakwirira-kumhanya uye inorema-basa mitoro, iyo inoderedza kushandiswa kwesimba uye inowedzera rwendo rwekufamba.
Mukugadzirwa kwemotokari yese, kugadzika kwevoltiji chinhu chakakosha. Simba remotokari yemotokari yemotokari yemagetsi yakakura zvikuru, uye magetsi ari pamusoro pe300 volts. Mutengo wacho wakakwira, nekuti iyo yakakwira yekumira yemagetsi ezvikamu zvemagetsi, inokwira mutengo. Naizvozvo, kana iyo yekumhanyisa inodiwa isiri yakakwirira, sarudza yakaderera-voltage. Motokari inomhanya zvishoma inoshandisa yakaderera-voltage. Ko mota inomhanya yakaderera ingamhanya here? Mhinduro ndeyokuti hongu, kunyange kana iri motokari inomhanya-pasi, chero bedzi injini dzakawanda dzichishandiswa pamwe chete, sipidhi yakanyanyisa inova yakakwirira. Mune ramangwana, hapazove nemusiyano pakati pemotokari dzepamusoro uye dzakaderera, chete mota dzepamusoro uye dzakaderera-voltage uye zvigadziriso.
Nenzira imwecheteyo, hubhu inogonawo kuve yakashongedzerwa nemamota maviri, uye kuita kwakafanana nepamusoro, asi kutariswa kwakanyanya kunobhadharwa kune dhizaini. Panyaya yekutonga kwemagetsi, chero bedzi iyo imwe-sarudzo uye yakagovaniswa modhi ichishandiswa, saizi yemota inogadzirwa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa, uye yakakodzera mota-diki, mota dzekutengesa, mabhasikoro emagetsi, midhudhudhu yemagetsi, nezvimwe. ., kunyanya kumarori emagetsi. Pane musiyano mukuru pakati pemutoro unorema uye mutoro wakareruka. Kune magiya otomatiki kutapurirana.
Kushandisa anopfuura matatu mota zvakare iri nyore kugadzira, uye kugovera kwemagetsi kunofanirwa kuve kwakakodzera. Nekudaro, iyo controller inogona kunge yakanyanya kuoma. Kana imwe kutonga kwakasarudzwa, inoshandiswa zvakasiyana. Iyo yakajairika modhi inogona kuva AB, AC, BC, ABC zvinhu zvina, huwandu hwezvinhu zvinomwe, izvo zvinogona kunzwisiswa seanomwe kumhanya, uye chiyero chekumhanya chechinhu chimwe nechimwe chakasiyana. Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha mukushandiswa ndeye controller. Iyo controller iri nyore uye inonetsa kutyaira. Inodawo kubatirana pamwe nemutongi wemota VCU uye bhatiri manejimendi system BMS controller kurongeka pamwe chete uye nehungwaru kutonga, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kumutyairi kudzora.
Panyaya yekudzoreredza simba, munguva yakapfuura, kana kumhanya kwemotor yemotor imwe yaive yakakwira zvakanyanya, iyo inogara magineti synchronous mota yaive nevoltage yakabuda ye900 volts pa2300 rpm. Kana kumhanya kwacho kwakanyanyisa, controller yaizokuvadzwa zvakanyanya. Ichi chimiro chinewo chimiro chakasiyana. Iyo simba inogona kugoverwa kune maviri motors, uye kutenderera kwavo kumhanya hakuzove kwakanyanya. Pakumhanya kwakanyanya, mota mbiri idzi dzinogadzira magetsi panguva imwe chete, pakukurumidza kwepakati, B mota inogadzira magetsi, uye nekumhanya kwakaderera, mota inogadzira magetsi, kuti idzore zvakanyanya sezvinobvira. Braking simba, chimiro chiri nyore kwazvo, simba rekudzorera simba rinogona kuvandudzwa zvakanyanya, sezvinobvira munzvimbo yakakwirira-inoshanda, nepo spare iri munzvimbo yakaderera-inoshanda, nzira yekuwana yakanyanya simba remhinduro kushanda pasi payo. zvipingamupinyi zvehurongwa, uku uchivimbisa braking Kuchengetedzeka uye kuchinjika kwekuchinja kwemaitiro ndiwo magadzirirwo emapoinzi esimba rekudzora mhinduro zano. Zvinoenderana nepamusoro akangwara controller kuti aishandise nemazvo.
Panyaya yekupisa kupisa, kupisa kwekupisa mhedzisiro yemamota akawanda yakakura zvakanyanya kupfuura yemota imwe chete. Imwe mota yakakura muhukuru, asi huwandu hwemamotor akawanda hwakaparadzirwa, nzvimbo yepamusoro yakakura, uye kupisa kwekupisa kunokurumidza. Kunyanya, kuderedza kupisa uye kuchengetedza simba zviri nani.
Kana iri mukushandiswa, kana mota ikatadza, mota isina kukanganisa inogona kuramba ichityaira mota kuenda kwainoenda. Muchokwadi, kuchine zvikomborero zvisati zvawanikwa. Ndiko kunaka kweruzivo urwu.
Kubva pakuona uku, mutongi wemotokari VCU, mutongi wemotokari MCU uye bhatiri management system BMS inofanirawo kuvandudzwa maererano, saka haisi kurota kuti motokari yemagetsi ipfuure pane curve!
Nguva yekutumira: Mar-24-2022