Motors, dzinowanzonzi mota dzemagetsi, dzinozivikanwawo semotor, dzakanyanya kuwanda muindasitiri yemazuva ano nehupenyu, uye zvakare ndiyo yakakosha midziyo yekushandura simba remagetsi kuita mechanicha simba.Motokari dzakaiswa mumotokari, zvitima zvinomhanya-mhanya, ndege, maturbine emhepo, marobhoti, magonhi otomatiki, pombi dzemvura, madhiraivha uye kunyange nharembozha dzedu dzakajairika.

Vanhu vazhinji vatsva kumotokari kana kuti vachangobva kudzidza ruzivo rwekutyaira motokari vanogona kunzwa kuti ruzivo rwemotokari rwakaoma kunzwisisa, uye kunyange kuona zvidzidzo zvakakodzera, uye vanonzi "vaurayi vechikwereti".Iyo inotevera yakapararira kugovera inogona kuita kuti manovices akurumidze kunzwisisa musimboti we AC asynchronous mota.

Nheyo yemota: Nheyo yemota iri nyore kwazvo. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, chishandiso chinoshandisa simba remagetsi kugadzira chinotenderera remagineti pacoil uye chinosundira rotor kutenderera.Chero ani akadzidza mutemo we electromagnetic induction anoziva kuti coil ine simba inomanikidzwa kutenderera mune remagineti. Uyu ndiwo musimboti wekutanga wemota. Uku ndiko kuziva kwejunior high school fizikisi.

Chimiro chemota: Chero ani akabvisa mota anoziva kuti mota inonyanya kuumbwa nezvikamu zviviri, iyo yakagadziriswa stator chikamu uye inotenderera inotenderera chikamu, sezvinotevera:

1. Stator (static chikamu)

Stator core: chikamu chinokosha chemagnetic circuit yemotokari, iyo iyo stator windings inoiswa;

Stator winding: Ndiyo coil, iyo yedunhu chikamu chemota, iyo yakabatana kune magetsi uye inoshandiswa kugadzira inotenderera yemagineti;

Machine base: gadzirisa iyo stator core uye mota yekupedzisira chivharo, uye tamba basa rekudzivirira uye kupisa kupisa;

2. Rotor (chikamu chinotenderera)

Rotor core: chikamu chakakosha chemagnetic circuit yemota, iyo rotor winding inoiswa mu core slot;

Rotor mhepo: kucheka iyo inotenderera yemagineti ye stator kuti ibudise induced electromotive simba uye yazvino, uye kugadzira electromagnetic torque kutenderedza mota;

Anoverengeka ekuverenga mafomula emota:

1. Electromagnetic inoenderana

1) Iyo induced electromotive force formula yemota: E = 4.44 * f * N * Φ, E ndiyo coil electromotive simba, f ndiyo frequency, S ndiyo yepakati-chikamu nzvimbo yeakatenderedza conductor (senge simbi. musimboti), N ndiyo nhamba yekutendeuka, uye Φ ndiyo magineti Pass.

Kuti fomula yacho inotorwa sei, isu hatizonyura muzvinhu izvi, isu tichanyanya kuona mashandisiro ayo.Induced electromotive force ndicho musimboti we electromagnetic induction. Mushure mekunge kondakita ane induced electromotive force yavharwa, induced current inogadzirwa.Ikozvino induced inoiswa pasi pesimba reampere mundima yemagineti, ichigadzira nguva yemagineti inosundira coil kuti itendeuke.

Izvo zvinozivikanwa kubva pane iri pamusoro peformula kuti ukuru hwesimba re electromotive rakaenzana nekuwanda kwesimba rekupa, nhamba yekutendeuka kwecoil uye magineti flux.

Iyo magnetic flux calculation formula Φ=B*S*COSθ, kana ndege ine nharaunda S iri perpendicular kugwara remagineti, kona θ iri 0, COSθ yakaenzana ne1, uye fomula inova Φ=B*S. .

Kubatanidza mafomula maviri ari pamusoro, unogona kuwana fomula yekuverenga iyo magineti flux intensity yemota: B=E/(4.44*f*N*S).

2) Imwe yacho ndiyo Ampere force formula. Kuti tizive kuti coil iri kugamuchira simba rakawanda sei, tinoda iyi formula F=I*L*B*sinα, pandiri simba razvino, L ndiyo kureba kwekondukita, B isimba remagineti, α ndiyo kona iri pakati pe kutungamira kwezvino uye kutungamira kwemagnetic field.Kana waya iri perpendicular kune magnetic field, fomula inova F = I * L * B (kana iri N-turn coil, iyo magnetic flux B ndiyo yakazara magineti inoyerera yeN-turn coil, uye hapana. inoda kuwanda N).

Kana iwe uchiziva simba, iwe uchaziva torque. Iyo torque yakaenzana neye torque yakapetwa ne radius yekuita, T = r * F = r * I * B * L (vector chigadzirwa).Kuburikidza nemaitiro maviri esimba = simba * kukurumidza (P = F * V) uye mutsara wekumhanya V = 2πR * kumhanya kwesekondi (n masekondi), hukama nesimba hunogona kusimbiswa, uye chimiro cheiyo inotevera Nha. kuwanikwa.Nekudaro, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti iyo chaiyo yekubuda torque inoshandiswa panguva ino, saka iyo yakaverengerwa simba ndiro simba rekubuda.

2. Iyo yekuverenga formula yekumhanya kweiyo AC asynchronous mota: n = 60f / P, izvi zviri nyore kwazvo, kumhanya kunoenderana nekuwanda kweiyo magetsi ekupa, uye inversely inoenderana nehuwandu hwemapole pair (rangarira peya. ) yemota, ingo shandisa fomula zvakananga.Nekudaro, iyi fomula inoverengera iyo synchronous kumhanya (inotenderera magineti kumhanya), uye iyo chaiyo kumhanya kweasynchronous mota ichave yakaderera zvishoma pane iyo synchronous kumhanya, saka isu tinowanzo kuona kuti 4-pole mota inowanzopfuura 1400 rpm, asi isingasviki 1500 rpm.

3. Ukama huri pakati pemoto torque uye simba remamita kumhanya: T = 9550P / n (P is motor power, n is motor speed), iyo inogona kuderedzwa kubva pane zvinyorwa zveNo. 1 pamusoro, asi hatidi kudzidza. kufungidzira, rangarira iyi kuverenga A formula ichaita.Asi yeuchidza zvakare, iro simba P mune fomula harisi simba rekuisa, asi iro rinobuda simba. Nekuda kwekurasikirwa kwemota, iyo yekupinza simba haina kuenzana neiyo inobuda simba.Asi mabhuku anowanzo kurongeka, uye simba rekupinza rakaenzana nesimba rekubuda.

4. Simba remota (simba rekuisa):

1) Single-phase motor power calculation formula: P = U * I * cosφ, kana simba racho riri 0.8, voltage iri 220V, uye ikozvino 2A, ipapo simba P = 0.22 × 2 × 0.8 = 0.352KW.

2) Three-phase motor power calculation formula: P = 1.732 * U * I * cosφ (cosφ ndiyo simba rekuita, U ndiyo inotakura mutsara wemagetsi, uye ini ndiri mutsara wekutakura ikozvino).Nekudaro, U uye ini zverudzi urwu zvine hukama nekubatana kwemota. Mukubatanidza nyeredzi, sezvo migumo yakajairwa yemakoiri matatu akaparadzaniswa ne120 ° voltage akabatana kuti aite 0 poindi, iyo voltage yakatakurwa pacoil inotakura ndeye phase-to-phase. Kana iyo delta yekubatanidza nzira yakashandiswa, tambo yemagetsi inosungirirwa kune yega yega coil, saka voltage pane inotakura coil ndiyo tambo yemagetsi.Kana iyo inowanzo shandiswa 3-phase 380V voltage ikashandiswa, iyo coil iri 220V mukubatanidza nyeredzi, uye delta iri 380V, P = U * I = U ^ 2/R, saka simba mu delta yekubatanidza nyeredzi 3 nguva, ndosaka mota ine simba guru inoshandisa nyeredzi-delta nhanho-pasi kuti itange.

Mushure mekuziva fomula iri pamusoro uye kunyatsonzwisisa, musimboti wemota hauzovhiringika, uye hauzotya kudzidza kosi yepamusoro yekutyaira mota.

Zvimwe zvikamu zvemota

1) Fan: inowanzoiswa pamuswe wemota kuti ibvise kupisa kumota;

2) Junction bhokisi: rinoshandiswa kubatanidza kune magetsi, senge AC matatu-phase asynchronous mota, inogona zvakare kubatanidzwa kune nyeredzi kana delta zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa;

3) Kutakura: kubatanidza zvikamu zvinotenderera uye zvakamira zvemotokari;

4. Chivharo chekupedzisa: Kumberi nekumashure kunovhara kunze kwemota kunoita basa rekutsigira.

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Nguva yekutumira: Jun-13-2022