Mota dzemagetsi dzinonyanya kuumbwa nezvikamu zvitatu: mota drive system, bhatiri system uye mota yekudzora system. Iyo mota dhiraivha system chikamu chinoshandura zvakananga simba remagetsi kuita mechanical simba, iro rinotarisa maitiro ekuita kwemotokari dzemagetsi. Nokudaro, kusarudzwa kwemotokari yemotokari kunonyanya kukosha.
Munharaunda yekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, motokari dzemagetsi dzavewo nzvimbo yekutsvakurudza mumakore achangopfuura. Mota dzemagetsi dzinogona kuwana zero kana kuderera zvakanyanya mumigwagwa yemuguta, uye zvine mabhenefiti makuru mumunda wekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza. Nyika dzese dziri kushanda nesimba kugadzira mota dzemagetsi. Mota dzemagetsi dzinonyanya kuumbwa nezvikamu zvitatu: mota drive system, bhatiri system uye mota yekudzora system. Iyo mota dhiraivha system chikamu chinoshandura zvakananga simba remagetsi kuita mechanical simba, iro rinotarisa maitiro ekuita kwemotokari dzemagetsi. Nokudaro, kusarudzwa kwemotokari yemotokari kunonyanya kukosha.
1. Zvinodiwa zvemagetsi emagetsi ekutyaira mota
Parizvino, kuongororwa kwekuita kwemotokari yemagetsi kunonyanya kutarisisa zvinotevera zvitatu zvekuita zviratidzo:
(1) Maximum mileage (km): iyo yakakura mileage yemotokari yemagetsi mushure mekunge bhatiri razara;
(2) Kukwidziridza kugona (s): nguva shoma inodiwa kuti mota yemagetsi ikurumidze kubva pakumira kuenda kune imwe kumhanya;
(3) Maximum sipidhi (km/h): sipidhi yakakura iyo motokari yemagetsi inogona kusvika.
Mota dzakagadzirirwa hunhu hwekutyaira dzemotokari dzemagetsi dzine zvakakosha kuita zvinodiwa zvichienzaniswa nemaindasitiri motors:
(1) Iyo mota yemagetsi dhiraivha mota kazhinji inoda yakakwira simba rekuita zvinodiwa kuti ugare uchitanga / kumira, kumhanyisa / kudzika, uye torque control;
(2) Kuti uderedze huremu hwemotokari yese, iyo yakawanda-speed kuendesa kunowanzo kubviswa, izvo zvinoda kuti mota inogona kupa yakakwira torque pakumhanya kwakaderera kana kukwira pamawere, uye kazhinji inogona kumira 4-5 nguva. the overload;
(3) Iyo yekumhanyisa nhanho yekutonga inodiwa kuti ive yakakura sezvinobvira, uye panguva imwecheteyo, inofanirwa kuchengetedza yakakwira yekushanda inoshanda mukati meiyo yese yekumhanyisa mutemo renji;
(4) Motokari inogadzirwa kuti ive nekumhanya kwakayerwa zvakanyanya sezvinobvira, uye panguva imwecheteyo, aluminium alloy casing inoshandiswa zvakanyanya sezvinobvira. Iyo motokari yepamusoro-soro idiki muhukuru, iyo inobatsira kuderedza uremu hwemotokari dzemagetsi;
(5) Mota dzemagetsi dzinofanirwa kuve nekushandisa kwakaringana simba uye kuve nebasa rekubhureki simba rekudzoreredza. Simba rakadzoserwa nekugadzirisa mabhureki rinowanzosvika 10% -20% yesimba rose;
(6) Nzvimbo yekushanda yemotor inoshandiswa mumotokari dzemagetsi yakanyanya kuoma uye yakaoma, inoda kuti mota ive nekuvimbika kwakanaka uye kuchinjika kwezvakatipoteredza, uye panguva imwechete kuona kuti mutengo wekugadzira mota haugone kunge wakanyanya kukwirira.
2. Akawanda anowanzo shandiswa dhiraivha mota
2.1 DC mota
Muchikamu chekutanga chekugadzirwa kwemotokari dzemagetsi, mota zhinji dzemagetsi dzaishandisa maDC motors semadhiraivha. Iyi mhando yemota tekinoroji yakakura, iine nzira dzekudzora dziri nyore uye yakanakisa kumhanya kudzora. Yaimbove yakanyanya kushandiswa mumunda wekumhanyisa regulation mota. . Nekudaro, nekuda kweyakaomesesa dhizaini yeDC mota, senge: mabhurashi uye ma commutators emagetsi, simba rayo rekuremedza nekukurumidza uye kuwedzera kwekuwedzera kwekumhanya kwemota kunogumira, uye kana iri basa renguva refu, chimiro chemagetsi iyo mota ichave Kurasikirwa kunogadzirwa uye mari yekugadzirisa inowedzerwa. Uye zvakare, kana mota ichimhanya, sparks kubva kumabhurashi inoita kuti rotor iwedzere kupisa, kutambisa simba, kuita kuti zviome kuburitsa kupisa, uye zvakare kukonzeresa high-frequency electromagnetic interference, iyo inokanganisa kushanda kwemotokari. Nekuda kwekukanganisa kuri pamusoro kweDC mota, mota dzemagetsi dzazvino dzakabvisa DC mota.
2.2 AC asynchronous mota
AC asynchronous mota imhando yemota inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri iyi. Iyo inoratidzirwa pakuti iyo stator uye rotor yakasvibiswa nesilicon simbi mapepa. Magumo ese ari maviri akaputirwa nealuminium zvivharo. , kushanda kwakavimbika uye kwakasimba, kuchengetedza nyore. Kana ichienzaniswa neiyo DC mota yesimba rimwe chete, iyo AC asynchronous mota inoshanda zvakanyanya, uye huwandu hunenge hafu yakareruka. Kana iyo nzira yekudzora yevector control yakagamuchirwa, iyo controllability uye yakafara yekumhanyisa regulation renji inofananidzwa neiyo yeDC mota inogona kuwanikwa. Nekuda kwezvakanaka zvekushanda kwepamusoro, simba rakanyanya, uye kukodzera kwekushanda kwepamusoro-soro, AC asynchronous motors ndiwo anonyanya kushandiswa mumotokari dzemagetsi emagetsi. Parizvino, AC asynchronous mota dzakagadzirwa pamwero mukuru, uye kune akasiyana marudzi ezvigadzirwa zvemhando yepamusoro kusarudza kubva. Zvisinei, munyaya yekushanda kwepamusoro-soro, rotor yemotokari inopisa zvakanyanya, uye motokari inofanira kutonhodzwa panguva yekushanda. Panguva imwecheteyo, dhiraivha uye control system yeasynchronous mota yakaoma kwazvo, uye mutengo wemota muviri wakakwira zvakare. Kuenzaniswa neiyo inogara magineti mota uye yakachinjika kusada Kune mota, kushanda uye simba density yeasynchronous motors yakaderera, izvo zvisingaite kuvandudza iyo yakanyanya mileage yemotokari dzemagetsi.
2.3 Inogara magineti mota
Permanent magineti motors anogona kupatsanurwa kuita mhando mbiri zvichienderana neazvino waveforms e stator windings, imwe ndeye brushless DC mota, ine rectangular pulse wave current; imwe yacho inogara magineti synchronous mota, ine sine wave ikozvino. Mhando mbiri dzemotor dzakanyanya kufanana muchimiro uye kushanda musimboti. Iyo rotors inogara magineti, iyo inoderedza kurasikirwa kunokonzerwa nekunakidzwa. Iyo stator inoiswa ine windings kugadzira torque kuburikidza nealternating ikozvino, saka kutonhora kuri nyore. Nekuti iyi mhando yemota haidi kuisa mabhurashi uye mekiniki yekuchinja chimiro, hapana spark dzekuchinja dzichagadzirwa panguva yekushanda, kushanda kwakachengeteka uye kwakavimbika, kugadzirisa kuri nyore, uye chiyero chekushandisa simba chakakwira.
Iyo yekudzora sisitimu yeanogara magineti mota iri nyore pane yekudzora sisitimu ye AC asynchronous mota. Nekudaro, nekuda kwekudzikisirwa kwechigarire magineti zvinhu process, iyo simba renji yeanogara magineti mota idiki, uye iro repamusoro simba rinowanzongova makumi emamiriyoni chete, ndiko kukanganisa kukuru kwechigarire magineti mota. Panguva imwecheteyo, iyo inogara magineti zvinhu pa rotor ichava nechiitiko chekuora kwemagineti pasi pemamiriro ekushisa kwakanyanya, vibration uye overcurrent, saka pasi pemamiriro ekushanda akaomarara, iyo isingaperi magineti mota inokonzeresa kukuvadza. Uyezve, mutengo wezvigadzirwa zvemagineti zvechigarire wakakwira, saka mutengo wemota yese uye system yayo yekutonga yakakwira.
2.4 Yakachinja Reluctance Motor
Semhando nyowani yemota, iyo yakachinjika kusada mota ine yakapusa chimiro kana ichienzaniswa nemamwe marudzi ekutyaira mota. Iyo stator uye rotor ese ari maviri salient zvimiro akagadzirwa akajairwa silicon simbi mapepa. Iko hakuna chimiro pane rotor. Iyo stator inoshongedzerwa neyakapfava yakaomeswa mhepo, ine zvakawanda zvakanaka senge yakapusa uye yakasimba chimiro, yakakwirira kuvimbika, huremu huremu, mutengo wakaderera, kushanda kwakanyanya, kuderera kwekushisa kukwira, uye nyore kugadzirisa. Zvakare, ine hunhu hwakanakisa hwekudzoreka kwakanaka kweiyo DC yekumhanyisa control system, uye inokodzera nharaunda dzakakasharara, uye yakanyatsokodzera kushandiswa sedhiraivha yemotokari dzemagetsi.
Tichifunga kuti semagetsi emotokari anotyaira mota, mota dzeDC uye magineti echigarire ane kushomeka kuchinjika muchimiro uye yakaoma nharaunda yekushanda, uye inotarirwa kutadza kwemakanika uye demagnetization, bepa iri rinotarisa pakuunzwa kwema switched reluctance motors uye AC asynchronous motors. Kuenzaniswa nemuchina, une zvakanakira zviri pachena mune zvinotevera zvinhu.
2.4.1 Chimiro chemuviri wemotokari
Chimiro cheiyo switched reluctance mota iri nyore pane iyo squirrel-cage induction mota. Kubatsira kwayo kwakatanhamara ndeyekuti hapana kutenderera pane rotor, uye inongogadzirwa neyakajairwa silicon simbi mapepa. Yakawanda yekurasikirwa kwemota yese inonangidzirwa pane stator mhepo, iyo inoita kuti mota ive nyore kugadzira, ine yakanaka insulation, iri nyore kutonhora, uye ine yakanakisa kupisa kupisa maitiro. Iyi mota chimiro inogona kuderedza saizi uye huremu hwemota, uye inogona kuwanikwa nevhoriyamu diki. hombe goho simba. Nekuda kweiyo yakanaka mechaniki elasticity yemota rotor, switched kusada mota inogona kushandiswa kune yekupedzisira-yepamusoro-kumhanya mashandiro.
2.4.2 Motor drive circuit
Chikamu chazvino cheiyo switched reluctance motor drive system haina unidirectional uye haina chekuita neiyo torque kutungamira, uye chinhu chimwe chete chikuru chekuchinja chinogona kushandiswa kusangana nechina-quadrant mashandiro emota. Iyo simba inoshandura redunhu yakabatana zvakananga munhevedzano neiyo excitation mhepo yemota, uye chikamu chimwe nechimwe chedunhu chinopa simba chakazvimirira. Kunyangwe kana imwe nhanho inotenderera kana mutongi wemota ikatadza, inongoda kumisa kushanda kwechikamu pasina kukonzera kukanganisa kukuru. Naizvozvo, ese ari maviri emota muviri uye anoshandura simba akachengeteka zvakanyanya uye akavimbika, saka iwo akanyanya kukodzera kushandiswa munzvimbo dzakaoma pane asynchronous michina.
2.4.3 Maitiro ekuita zvemotor system
Akachinja kusada mota ane akawanda ekudzora paramita, uye zviri nyore kuzadzisa zvinodikanwa zvechina-quadrant mashandiro emotokari dzemagetsi kuburikidza neakakodzera nzira dzekudzora uye dhizaini yehurongwa, uye inogona kuchengetedza yakanakisa braking kugona munzvimbo dzekumhanya-mhanya. Akachinja kusada mota haangove nehunyanzvi hwepamusoro, asi zvakare chengetedza hunyanzvi hwepamusoro pamusoro pehupamhi hwekumhanya kudzora, izvo zvisingaenzaniswi nemamwe marudzi emota drive masisitimu. Kuita uku kwakanyatsokodzera kushanda kwemotokari dzemagetsi, uye kunobatsira zvikuru kuvandudza rwendo rwekufamba kwemotokari dzemagetsi.
3. Mhedziso
Chinangwa chebepa iri ndechekuisa mberi zvakanakira kuchinjika kusada mota sekutyaira mota dzemagetsi nekuenzanisa akasiyana anowanzo shandiswa dhiraivha mota kumhanya kudzora masisitimu, inova hotspot yekutsvagisa mukuvandudza mota dzemagetsi. Kune iyi mhando yemota yakakosha, kuchine yakawanda nzvimbo yekuvandudza mune inoshanda maapplication. Vatsvaguri vanofanirwa kuita kwakawanda kuedza kuita tsvakiridzo yedzidziso, uye panguva imwe chete, zvinodikanwa kusanganisa zvinodiwa nemusika kusimudzira kushandiswa kweiyi mota mukuita.
Nguva yekutumira: Mar-24-2022