Kugarisana kwevanhu pamwe chete nemamiriro ekunze uye kubudirira kwakasimba kwehupfumi hwepasi pose kunoita kuti vanhu vave nechido chekutsvaka nzira yekufambisa yakaderera uye zviwanikwa, uye kushandiswa kwemotokari dzemagetsi pasina mubvunzo mhinduro inovimbisa.
Mota dzemagetsi dzemazuva ano zvigadzirwa zvakazara izvo zvinosanganisa akasiyana siyana epamusoro-tekinoroji akadai semagetsi, zvemagetsi, mashandiro emuchina, sainzi yezvinhu, uye tekinoroji yemakemikari. Kushanda kwese kushanda, hupfumi, nezvimwewo kutanga zvinoenderana nebhatiri system uye mota yekudzora dhiraivha system. Iyo mota yekutyaira system yemotokari yemagetsi kazhinji ine zvikamu zvina zvikuru, zvinoti controller. Magetsi emagetsi, motors uye sensors. Parizvino, mota dzinoshandiswa mumotokari dzemagetsi dzinowanzo sanganisira mota dzeDC, induction motors, switched reluctance motors, uye magineti echigarire brushless mota.
1. Zvinodiwa zvekutanga zvemagetsi emagetsi emagetsi
Kushanda kwemotokari dzemagetsi, kusiyana neyakajairwa maindasitiri kunyorera, kwakaoma kwazvo. Naizvozvo, zvinodikanwa zvedhiraivha system zvakakwirira kwazvo.
1.1 Mota dzemotokari dzemagetsi dzinofanirwa kunge dziine hunhu hwesimba rakakura nekukasira, simba rekuremedza rakasimba, coefficient yakawandisa ye3 kusvika ku4), kuita kwakanaka kwekumhanyisa uye hupenyu hurefu hwebasa.
1.2 Motokari dzemotokari dzemagetsi dzinofanirwa kunge dziine huwandu hwakasiyana hwekumhanya, kusanganisira inogara torque nzvimbo uye inogara iine simba nzvimbo. Munzvimbo inogara torque, torque yakakwirira inodiwa kana uchimhanya nekumhanya kwakaderera kuti usangane nezvinodiwa zvekutanga nekukwira; munzvimbo ine simba inogara iripo, kumhanya kwakakwira kunodiwa kana torque yakaderera ichidikanwa kuti isangane nezvinodiwa zvekutyaira zvakanyanya mumigwagwa yakati sandara. Zvinoda.
1.3 Iyo mota yemagetsi yemotokari dzemagetsi inofanirwa kukwanisa kuona regenerative braking kana mota ichidzikira, kudzoreredza uye kudzoreredza simba kubhatiri, kuitira kuti mota yemagetsi ive neyakanakisa simba rekushandisa chiyero, chisingawanikwe mumotokari yemoto yemoto. .
1.4 Imotokari yemagetsi yemotokari yemagetsi inofanira kuva nepamusoro-soro muhutano hwese hwekushanda, kuitira kuti uvandudze mararamiro ekufambisa kwechaji imwe.
Pamusoro pezvo, zvinodikanwa zvakare kuti mota yemagetsi yemotokari dzemagetsi ine kuvimbika kwakanaka, inogona kushanda kwenguva yakareba munzvimbo ine hutsinye, ine chimiro chakareruka uye inokodzera kugadzirwa kwevanhu vakawanda, ine ruzha rwakadzika panguva yekushanda, iri nyore kushandisa. uye kuchengetedza, uye zvakachipa.
2 Mhando uye Kudzora Nzira dzeMagetsi Motors dzeMagetsi Mota
2.1 DC
Motors Iwo mabhenefiti makuru e brushed DC motors ari nyore kudzora uye yakakura tekinoroji. Iyo ine yakanakisa kutonga maitiro isingaenzaniswi ne AC mota. Mukutanga kwakagadzirwa mota dzemagetsi, DC mota dzinonyanya kushandiswa, uye kunyangwe ikozvino, mamwe emagetsi mota achiri kufambiswa neDC motors. Nekudaro, nekuda kwekuvapo kwemabhurashi uye ma commutators emuchina, haingodzikisi imwe gadziriso yekuremerwa kwemota uye nekumhanya, asi inodawo kugara uchigadzirisa uye kutsiva mabhurashi uye ma commutator kana ikafamba kwenguva yakareba. Mukuwedzera, sezvo kurasikirwa kuripo pane rotor, zvakaoma kubvisa kupisa, izvo zvinoderedza kuwedzera kwekuvandudzwa kwemoto torque-to-mass ratio. Tichifunga nezvehurema huri pamusoro hweDC mota, mota dzeDC hadzisi kushandiswa mumotokari dzemagetsi dzichangogadzirwa.
2.2 AC matatu-chikamu induction mota
2.2.1 Basa rekutanga re AC matatu-chikamu induction mota
AC matatu-chikamu induction motors ndiwo anonyanya kushandiswa mota. Iyo stator uye rotor yakashongedzwa nesilicon simbi mapepa, uye hapana zvindori zvinotsvedza, ma commutators uye zvimwe zvikamu zvinosangana pakati pemastators. Chimiro chakareruka, kushanda kwakavimbika uye kunogara kwenguva refu. Kuvharwa kwemagetsi kwe AC induction mota yakakura kwazvo, uye kumhanya kunosvika 12000 ~ 15000r/min. Kutonhodza kwemhepo kana kutonhora kwemvura kunogona kushandiswa, nehupamhi hwekusununguka kwekutonhora. Iyo ine yakanaka kuchinjika kune nharaunda uye inogona kuona regenerative mhinduro braking. Kuenzaniswa neiyo yakafanana simba DC mota, iko kushanda kwayo kwakakwira, mhando inodzikiswa nehafu, mutengo wakachipa, uye kugadzirisa kuri nyore.
2.2.2 The control system
ye AC induction mota Nekuti AC matatu-chikamu induction mota haigone kushandisa zvakananga DC simba rinopihwa nebhatiri, uye AC matatu-chikamu induction mota ine nonlinear yekubuda hunhu. Naizvozvo, mumotokari yemagetsi uchishandisa AC matatu-phase induction mota, zvinodikanwa kushandisa simba semiconductor mudziyo muinverter kushandura yakananga ikozvino kuita inochinjika ikozvino iyo frequency uye amplitude inogona kugadziridzwa kuti uone kutonga kwe AC. matatu-chikamu mota. Iko kune kunyanya v/f nzira yekudzora uye slip frequency control nzira.
Uchishandisa nzira yekudzora vheji, kuwanda kweiyo inochinjika ikozvino yekumhanyisa mhepo yeAC matatu-chikamu induction mota uye iyo yekupedzisira kugadzirisa yeinopinza AC matatu-chikamu induction mota inodzorwa, iyo magineti flux uye torque yeinotenderera magineti. yeAC matatu-chikamu induction mota inodzorwa, uye shanduko yeAC matatu-chikamu induction mota inoitika. Iyo yekumhanyisa uye yekubuda torque inogona kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekuchinja kwemutoro hunhu, uye inogona kuwana yakanyanya kunaka, kuitira kuti AC matatu-chikamu induction mota inogona kushandiswa zvakanyanya mumotokari dzemagetsi.
2.2.3 Kukanganisa kwe
AC matatu-chikamu induction mota Kushandiswa kwesimba kweAC matatu-chikamu induction mota yakakura, uye rotor iri nyore kupisa. Izvo zvinodikanwa kuve nechokwadi kutonhora kweAC matatu-chikamu induction mota panguva yekumhanya-mhanya, zvikasadaro mota ichakuvadzwa. Iyo simba chinhu cheiyo AC matatu-chikamu induction mota yakadzikira, kuitira kuti iyo yekupinza simba chinhu cheiyo frequency kutendeuka uye voltage yekushandura mudziyo zvakare yakadzikira, saka zvinodikanwa kushandisa yakakura-inogoneka frequency kutendeuka uye voltage kushandura mudziyo. Mutengo weiyo control system ye AC matatu-phase induction mota yakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura iyo ye AC matatu-phase induction mota pachayo, iyo inowedzera mutengo wemotokari yemagetsi. Uye zvakare, iyo yekumhanyisa mutemo yeAC matatu-chikamu induction mota zvakare yakashata.
2.3 Inogara magineti brushless DC mota
2.3.1 Kwekutanga kuita kwechigarire magineti brushless DC mota
Permanent magineti brushless DC mota ndeyepamusoro-inoshanda mota. Chinhu chayo chikuru ndechekuti ine hunhu hwekunze hwemota yeDC isina mechaniki yekubata chimiro inoumbwa nemabhurashi. Mukuwedzera, inotora chigarire magnet rotor, uye hapana kurasikirwa kwekunakidza: iyo inopisa armature winding yakaiswa pane yekunze stator, iyo iri nyore kubvisa kupisa. Naizvozvo, iyo yekusingaperi magineti brushless DC mota haina sparks, hapana kupindira kweredhiyo, hupenyu hwakareba uye kushanda kwakavimbika. , nyore kugadzirisa. Pamusoro pezvo, kumhanya kwayo hakuganhurwe nekuchinja kwemuchina, uye kana mabearings emhepo kana magineti suspension bearings akashandiswa, anogona kumhanya anosvika mazana akati wandei ezviuru paminiti. Kana ichienzaniswa neyechigarire magineti brushless DC mota sisitimu, ine yakakwira simba density uye yakanyanya kushanda zvakanaka, uye ine yakanaka application tarisiro mumotokari dzemagetsi.
2.3.2 Iyo yekudzora sisitimu yeanogara magineti brushless DC mota Iyo
yakajairika magineti isingaperi brushless DC mota ndeye quasi-decoupling vector control system. Sezvo magineti echigarire achingogadzira yakagadziriswa-amplitude magineti, iyo yekusingaperi magineti brushless DC mota system yakakosha. Yakakodzera kumhanya munzvimbo inogara torque, kazhinji uchishandisa yazvino hysteresis control kana yazvino mhinduro mhando SPWM nzira yekupedzisa. Kuti uwedzere kuwedzera kumhanya, iyo isingaperi magineti brushless DC mota inogona zvakare kushandisa munda kushaya simba kutonga. Izvo zvakakosha zvekudzikisa simba kudzora kukwidziridza chikamu chechikamu chazvino kupa yakananga-axis demagnetization mukana wekunetesa iyo flux yekubatanidza mune stator mhepo.
2.3.3 Kusakwana kwe
Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Mota Iyo yekusingaperi magineti brushless DC mota inobatwa uye inodzivirirwa neanogara magineti zvinhu maitiro, ayo anoita kuti huwandu hwesimba hwechigarire magineti brushless DC mota diki, uye iro repamusoro simba rinongori makumi emakilowatts. Kana iyo yechigarire magineti ichiiswa pasi pekuzununguka, tembiricha yakakwira uye yakawandisa ikozvino, iyo magineti permeability inogona kudzikira kana demagnetize, izvo zvinozodzikisa kuita kwechigarire magineti mota, uye kunyange kukuvadza mota mumatambudziko akaomarara. Overload haina kuitika. Mune inogara iine simba modhi, iyo yekusingaperi magineti brushless DC mota yakaoma kushanda uye inoda yakaoma kudzora sisitimu, iyo inoita kuti dhiraivha system yeanogara magineti brushless DC mota idhure.
2.4 Yakachinja Reluctance Motor
2.4.1 Basic Performance yeSwitched Reluctance Motor
Iyo switched kusada mota imhando nyowani yemota. Iyo sisitimu ine zvinhu zvakawanda zviri pachena: chimiro chayo chiri nyore kupfuura chero imwe mota, uye hapana inotsvedza zvindori, windings uye magineti asingagumi pane rotor yemota, asi pane stator chete. Iko kune yakapfava yakanyunguduka yakadzikama, migumo yemhepo ipfupi, uye hapana interphase jumper, iri nyore kuchengetedza nekugadzirisa. Naizvozvo, kuvimbika kwakanaka, uye kumhanya kunogona kusvika 15000 r/min. Kubudirira kunogona kusvika 85% kusvika 93%, iyo yakakwira kupfuura iyo yeAC induction motors. Iko kurasikirwa kunonyanya mu stator, uye motokari iri nyore kutonhora; iyo rotor igineti yekusingaperi, ine hupamhi hwekumhanya kudzora siyana uye inochinjika kudzora, zviri nyore kuwana zvakasiyana-siyana zvakakosha zvinodiwa zve torque-kumhanya hunhu, uye inochengetedza hunyanzvi hwepamusoro munzvimbo dzakasiyana. Iyo inonyanya kukodzera kune simba rekuita zvinodiwa zvemotokari dzemagetsi.
2.4.2 Yakachinja kusada mota control system
Yakachinja kusada mota ine yakakwira dhigirii yeasina mutsara maitiro, saka, yayo drive system yakanyanya kuoma. Yaro yekutonga system inosanganisira simba rekushandura.
a. Iyo yekunakisa mhepo yeiyo switched kusada mota yeinoshandura simba, zvisinei nemberi ikozvino kana reverse ikozvino, iyo torque inotungamira inoramba isina kuchinjika, uye nguva yacho inoshandurwa. Chikamu chega chega chinongoda simba rekuchinja chubhu ine diki diki, uye simba rekushandura redunhu riri Nyore, hapana kutwasuka-kuburikidza nekutadza, kuvimbika kwakanaka, nyore kushandisa nyoro kutanga uye mana-quadrant mashandiro ehurongwa, uye yakasimba regenerative braking kugona. . Mutengo wakaderera pane inverter control system yeAC matatu-chikamu induction mota.
b. Controller
Mutongi ane microprocessors, digital logic circuits uye zvimwe zvikamu. Zvinoenderana nemirairo yekupinda nemutyairi, iyo microprocessor inoongorora uye kugadzirisa iyo rotor chinzvimbo chemotor inodzoserwa neiyo chinzvimbo detector uye yezvino detector panguva imwe chete, uye inoita sarudzo nekukasira, uye inopa nhevedzano yemirairo yekuuraya kudzora iyo switched kusada mota. Kugadzirisa kushanda kwemotokari dzemagetsi pasi pemamiriro akasiyana. Kuita kwemutongi uye kuchinjika kwekugadzirisa kunoenderana nekushandira pamwe kwekuita pakati pesoftware uye hardware yemicroprocessor.
c. Position detector
Yakachinja kusada mota inoda yakakwirira-chaiyo chinzvimbo detectors kuti ipe iyo yekudzora sisitimu nezviratidzo zvekuchinja munzvimbo, kumhanya uye ikozvino yemota rotor, uye inoda yakakwira switching frequency kuderedza ruzha rweiyo switched kusada mota.
2.4.3 Zvikanganiso zveSwitched Reluctance Motors
Iyo yekudzora sisitimu yeiyo switched reluctance mota iri kuomesesa pane ekudzora masisitimu emamwe mota. Iyo detector yenzvimbo ndicho chinhu chakakosha cheiyo switched kusada mota, uye kuita kwayo kune yakakosha pesvedzero pakubata kwekutonga kweiyo switched kusada mota. Sezvo iyo switched reluctance mota iri yakapetwa kaviri chimiro, pane zvisingadzivisike torque kuchinjika, uye ruzha ndicho chinokanganisa chikuru cheiyo switched reluctance mota. Nekudaro, tsvakiridzo mumakore achangopfuura yakaratidza kuti ruzha rweiyo switched kusada mota inogona kudzikiswa zvachose nekutora zvine musoro dhizaini, kugadzira uye kutonga tekinoroji.
Pamusoro pezvo, nekuda kwekuchinja kukuru kweiyo torque yekubuda kweiyo switched reluctance mota uye kushanduka kukuru kweiyo DC ikozvino yeinoshandura magetsi, hombe sefa capacitor inoda kuiswa paDC bhazi.Mota dzakatora dzakasiyana mota dzemagetsi munguva dzakasiyana dzenhoroondo, dzichishandisa iyo DC mota ine yakanyanya kunaka kudzora kuita uye mutengo wakaderera. Nekuenderera mberi kwekuvandudza tekinoroji yemotokari, tekinoroji yekugadzira michina, tekinoroji yemagetsi emagetsi uye otomatiki yekudzora tekinoroji, AC mota. Permanent magineti brushless DC mota uye switched kusada mota dzinoratidza kushanda kwepamusoro pane DC mota, uye mota idzi zvishoma nezvishoma dziri kutsiva DC mota mumotokari dzemagetsi. Tafura 1 inofananidza kuita kwekutanga kweakasiyana emagetsi mota anoshandiswa mumotokari dzemazuva ano dzemagetsi. Parizvino, mutengo wekuchinjanisa mota dzazvino, magineti echigarire, switched reluctance motors uye midziyo yavo yekudzora ichiri yakakwira. Mushure mekugadzirwa kwakawanda, mitengo yeiyi mota uye unit control zvishandiso inodzikira nekukurumidza, izvo zvinosangana nezvinodiwa zvehupfumi zvinobatsira uye kuita iyo Mutengo wemotokari dzemagetsi wadzikiswa.
Nguva yekutumira: Mar-24-2022