Chifukwa cha kuphatikizika kwawo komanso kachulukidwe kakang'ono ka torque, maginito okhazikika a ma synchronous motors amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale ambiri, makamaka pamakina oyendetsa bwino kwambiri monga makina oyendetsa sitima zapamadzi.Maginito okhazikika a ma synchronous motors safuna kugwiritsa ntchito mphete zozembera pofuna kusangalatsa, kuchepetsa kukonza kwa rotor ndi kutayika.Maginito osatha a ma synchronous motors ndiabwino kwambiri komanso oyenera pamakina oyendetsa bwino kwambiri monga zida zamakina a CNC, ma robotiki ndi makina opanga makina pamakampani.
Nthawi zambiri, mapangidwe ndi mapangidwe a maginito okhazikika a ma synchronous motors ayenera kuganizira za stator ndi rotor kuti apeze injini yogwira ntchito kwambiri.
Kapangidwe ka maginito okhazikika a synchronous motor
Kuchuluka kwa maginito a Air-gap:Kutsimikizika molingana ndi kapangidwe ka ma asynchronous motors, etc., mapangidwe a rotor okhazikika maginito ndikugwiritsa ntchito zofunikira zapadera zosinthira ma stator windings. Komanso, zimaganiziridwa kuti stator ndi stator slotted.Kuchuluka kwa mpweya wa gap flux kumachepetsedwa ndi machulukitsidwe apakati pa stator.Makamaka, kuchulukitsitsa kwapamwamba kwambiri kumachepa ndi m'lifupi mwa mano a gear, pomwe kumbuyo kwa stator kumatsimikizira kuchuluka kwathunthu.
Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwachulukidwe kovomerezeka kumadalira kugwiritsa ntchito.Nthawi zambiri, ma mota ochita bwino kwambiri amakhala ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono, pomwe ma motors opangidwa kuti azichulukira kwambiri ma torque amakhala ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono kwambiri.Kuchuluka kwa mpweya wochuluka wa mpweya nthawi zambiri kumakhala pakati pa 0.7-1.1 Tesla.Zindikirani kuti izi ndizomwe zimasinthasintha, mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwa ma rotor ndi stator fluxes.Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngati mphamvu yochitira zida ndi yotsika, zikutanthauza kuti torque yolumikizira ndiyokwera.
Komabe, kuti mukwaniritse gawo lalikulu la torque, mphamvu ya stator iyenera kukhala yayikulu.Magawo amakina akuwonetsa kuti lalikulu m ndi inductance yaying'ono L imafunikira makamaka kuti mupeze torque yolumikizana.Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zoyenera kugwira ntchito pansi pa liwiro loyambira chifukwa inductance yayikulu imachepetsa mphamvu.
Zinthu zokhazikika za maginito:
Maginito amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pazida zambiri, chifukwa chake, kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito azinthu izi ndikofunikira kwambiri, ndipo chidwi chimangoyang'ana pazida zosokonekera komanso zosinthika zachitsulo zomwe zimatha kupeza maginito osatha okhala ndi maginito apamwamba.Kutengera ndiukadaulo, maginito ali ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zamaginito komanso zamakina ndipo amawonetsa kukana kwa dzimbiri.
NdFeB (Nd2Fe14B) ndi Samarium Cobalt (Sm1Co5 ndi Sm2Co17) maginito ndi zapamwamba kwambiri malonda okhazikika maginito zipangizo zilipo lero.Mkati mwa kalasi iliyonse ya maginito osowa padziko lapansi pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya magiredi.Maginito a NdFeB adagulitsidwa koyambirira kwa 1980s.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri masiku ano m'machitidwe ambiri osiyanasiyana.Mtengo wa zinthu maginito izi (pa mankhwala mphamvu) n'zofanana ndi maginito ferrite, ndi pa kilogalamu maziko, NdFeB maginito ndalama za 10 kuti 20 nthawi zambiri monga maginito ferrite.
Zina zofunika zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kufananiza maginito okhazikika ndi: remanence (Mr), yomwe imayesa mphamvu ya maginito okhazikika a maginito, mphamvu yokakamiza (Hcj), kuthekera kwazinthu kukana demagnetization, mankhwala amphamvu (BHmax), kachulukidwe maginito mphamvu. ; Curie kutentha (TC), kutentha kumene zinthu amataya maginito.Maginito a Neodymium ali ndi remanence yapamwamba, kukakamiza kwambiri komanso mphamvu zamagetsi, koma nthawi zambiri amakhala amtundu wa kutentha kwa Curie, Neodymium amagwira ntchito ndi Terbium ndi Dysprosium kuti asunge maginito ake kutentha kwambiri.
Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Design
Mu kapangidwe ka maginito okhazikika a synchronous motor (PMSM), kupanga kozungulira kokhazikika kwa maginito kumatengera mawonekedwe a stator wagawo la magawo atatu popanda kusintha geometry ya stator ndi ma windings.Zofotokozera ndi geometry zikuphatikizapo: liwiro la injini, mafupipafupi, chiwerengero cha mizati, kutalika kwa stator, ma diameter amkati ndi akunja, chiwerengero cha mipata ya rotor.Mapangidwe a PMSM akuphatikiza kutayika kwa mkuwa, EMF kumbuyo, kutayika kwachitsulo komanso kudzikonda komanso kuyanjana, maginito flux, kukana kwa stator, etc.
Kuwerengera kwa self-inductance ndi mutual inductance:
Inductance L ingatanthauzidwe ngati chiyerekezo cha kulumikizana kwa flux ku I, mu Henrys (H), wofanana ndi Weber pa ampere. Inductor ndi chipangizo chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kusunga mphamvu mu mphamvu ya maginito, mofanana ndi momwe capacitor imasungira mphamvu m'munda wamagetsi. Ma inductors nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ma coil, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ozungulira pa ferrite kapena ferromagnetic pachimake, ndipo kufunikira kwawo kumangogwirizana ndi mawonekedwe a kondakitala komanso kutulutsa kwazinthu zomwe maginito amadutsa.
Njira zopezera inductance ndi izi:1. Tiyerekeze kuti pali kondakitala wamakono.2. Gwiritsani ntchito lamulo la Biot-Savart kapena lamulo la loop la Ampere (ngati liripo) kuti muwone kuti B ndi yofanana mokwanira.3. Kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka komwe kumalumikiza mabwalo onse.4. Chulukitsani kuchuluka kwa maginito ndi kuchuluka kwa malupu kuti mulumikizane ndi flux, ndipo pangani mapangidwe a injini yokhazikika ya maginito powunika magawo ofunikira.
Kafukufukuyu anapeza kuti kapangidwe ka ntchito NdFeB monga AC okhazikika maginito rotor zakuthupi anawonjezera maginito flux kwaiye mu mpweya kusiyana, chifukwa mu kuchepetsa utali wozungulira wa mkati stator, pamene utali wozungulira wamkati wa stator ntchito samarium cobalt okhazikika. maginito rotor chuma chinali chokulirapo.Zotsatira zikuwonetsa kuti kuwonongeka kwa mkuwa ku NdFeB kumachepetsedwa ndi 8.124%.Kwa samarium cobalt ngati maginito okhazikika, maginito a maginito adzakhala kusintha kwa sinusoidal.Nthawi zambiri, mapangidwe ndi mapangidwe a maginito okhazikika a ma synchronous motors ayenera kuganizira za stator ndi rotor kuti apeze injini yogwira ntchito kwambiri.
Pomaliza
Permanent maginito synchronous motor (PMSM) ndi injini yolumikizana yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito zida zapamwamba zamaginito popanga maginito, ndipo ili ndi mawonekedwe akuchita bwino kwambiri, kapangidwe kosavuta, komanso kuwongolera kosavuta.Maginito okhazikika a synchronous motor ali ndi ntchito mu traction, magalimoto, robotics, ndi ukadaulo wazamlengalenga. Kuchulukana kwamphamvu kwa maginito okhazikika a ma synchronous motors ndiapamwamba kuposa ma induction motors a mlingo womwewo chifukwa palibe mphamvu ya stator yoperekedwa kuti ipange mphamvu ya maginito. .
Pakalipano, mapangidwe a PMSM amafuna osati mphamvu zapamwamba zokha, komanso kuchepa kwa misa ndi mphindi yochepa ya inertia.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-01-2022