Lachisanu (Ogasiti 12), nthawi yakomweko, Bungwe la Zamalonda la US Department of Commerce's Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) lidawulula mu Federal Register lamulo latsopano lomaliza loletsa zoletsa kutumiza kunja zomwe zimaletsa.kapangidwe ka GAAFET (Full Gate Field Effect Transistor). ) pulogalamu ya EDA/ECAD yofunikira pamayendedwe ophatikizika; Ultra-wide bandgap semiconductor zipangizo zoimiridwa ndi diamondi ndi gallium okusayidi; matekinoloje anayi monga pressure gain combustion (PGC) yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu injini za turbine ya gasi kuti ikwaniritse zowongolera zatsopano zotumizira kunja, tsiku loti liletsedwe lero (August 15).
Pakati pa matekinoloje anayi, EDA ndi yochititsa chidwi kwambiri, yomwe imatanthauzidwa ndi msika ngati zoletsa zina zamakampani a Chip ku China ndi United States pambuyo pa "Chip ndi Science Act", zomwe zimakhudza mwachindunji makampani apakhomo omwe amapanga 3nm ndi apamwamba kwambiri. chip mankhwala.Komabe, mapangidwe a 3-nanometer sagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri ku China pakalipano, ndipo zotsatira zake zazifupi ndizochepa.
Kuphatikiza pa njira ya 3nm, kuyitanitsa mwachangu kwa 800V kungakhudzidwe
EDA (Electronics Design Automation) ndi makina opanga zamagetsi, omwe ndi gawo lofunikira komanso lofunikira pakupanga kwa chip IC (integrated circuit). Ndiwogulitsa kumtunda kwa chip kupanga, kuphimba njira zonse monga mapangidwe ophatikizika ozungulira, ma waya, kutsimikizira ndi kuyerekezera.EDA imatchedwa "mayi wa tchipisi" pamakampani.
Lipoti la kafukufuku wapadziko lonse la Tianfeng linanena kuti ngati kupanga chip kumafananizidwa ndi kumanga nyumba, mapangidwe a IC ndi chojambula chojambula, ndipo mapulogalamu a EDA ndi chida chojambula chojambula, koma mapulogalamu a EDA ndi ovuta kwambiri kuposa mapulogalamu a zomangamanga.
ECAD (Electronic Computer Aided Design software) ili ndi gawo lalikulu kuposa EDA, ndipo kuletsa kumatanthauza kuti mapulogalamu onse okhudzana nawo aphimbidwa.Malinga ndi dipatimenti ya Zamalonda ku US, ECAD ndi gulu la zida zamapulogalamu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga, kusanthula, kukhathamiritsa ndi kutsimikizira magwiridwe antchito a dera lophatikizika kapena bolodi losindikizidwa.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mabwalo ophatikizika ovuta m'njira zosiyanasiyana m'mafakitale ankhondo, zakuthambo, ndi chitetezo.
Ukadaulo wa GAAFET transistor ndiukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri poyerekeza ndi FinFET transistors (fin field effect transistors), ukadaulo wa FinFET utha kufikira ma nanometer a 3, pomwe GAAFET imatha kukwaniritsa ma nanometer 2.
Uwu ndi wachitatu kuwongolera zotumiza kunja komwe United States idayambitsa motsutsana ndi China m'munda wa EDA.Yoyamba inali yotsutsana ndi ZTE mu 2018 ndipo yachiwiri inali yotsutsana ndi Huawei mu 2019.Kuphatikiza pa zamagetsi ogula monga mafoni a m'manja a Apple ndi makompyuta, tchipisi tomwe timagwiritsa ntchito njira zotsogola kwambiri pamsika ndi tchipisi tokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri zamakompyuta, monga ma GPU omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito panzeru zopanga, ndi tchipisi ta seva zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo opangira ma data ndi cloud computing. .
Ena opanga ma chip adanena kuti kukhudzidwa kwakanthawi kochepa kwa muyeso wowongolerawu ndi kochepa, chifukwa mapangidwe a 3-nanometer sagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri ku China. Tchipisi zina za AI ndi tchipisi ta GPU zimagwiritsa ntchito 7-nanometers, pomwe ma TV, mabokosi apamwamba, ndi tchipisi tagalimoto nthawi zambiri zimakhala 28 nm. nanometer kapena 16 nanometer.Owona zamakampani ena amakhulupirira kuti dziko la United States likufuna kuti dziko la China lisakhale ndi zida zopangira tchipisi tating'onoting'ono ta 3 nanometers pansi, ndipo kapangidwe kake kamakhala pa 5 nanometers, ndipo kupanga kumamatira pa 7 nanometers.Kenako, mtunda wapakati pa China ndi United States pamakompyuta othamanga kwambiri, AI yochita kupanga, ndi zina zambiri, udzakulitsidwa.
M'malingaliro a munthu wa chip, chifukwa chachikulu chomwe United States imapondereza EDA ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwa tchipisi tapakhomo.
Kuphatikiza pa pulogalamu ya EDA nthawi ino, zida ziwiri za semiconductor zikuphatikizidwanso: gallium oxide (Ga2O3) ndi magawo a diamondi, onse omwe ndi zida za ultra-wide bandgap semiconductor.Zida zoterezi zimayembekezeredwa kugwira ntchito pansi pazifukwa zovuta kwambiri, monga ma voltages apamwamba kapena kutentha kwakukulu.
Zipangizozi zidakalipobe ndipo sizinapangidwe mafakitale pamlingo waukulu, ndipo luso lamakono likugwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ku Japan ndi United States.Komabe, tchipisi topangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu izi chikhala choyenera kwambiri m'malo ambiri azamakampani monga mphamvu zatsopano, kusungirako magetsi a gridi, kulumikizana, ndi zina zambiri, chifukwa chake amakhala omvera komanso ofunikira.
Kutengera mwachitsanzo, magalimoto amagetsi atsopano monga Xiaopeng Motors, BYD, Li Auto, ndi BAIC Jihu atumiza kale ukadaulo wa 800V wothamangitsa mwachangu, ndipo apangidwa mochuluka chaka chino.Zida zamagetsi zopangidwa ndi zinthu za gallium oxide zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito muukadaulo wothamangitsa mwachangu.
Mwayi wapakhomo wa EDA "wopambana".
"Ngati mupanga chipangizo cha 5-nanometer chip ndikugwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu yapamwamba kwambiri ya EDA padziko lonse lapansi, mtengo wake ukhoza kuwongoleredwa pafupifupi madola 40 miliyoni aku US, koma popanda thandizo la pulogalamu ya EDA, mtengo wopangira chip wa nanometer 5 ungakhale wokwera kwambiri. 7.7 biliyoni US dollars. Dola yaku US ili pafupi ndi kusiyana kwanthawi pafupifupi 200. ” Munthu woyenerera yemwe amayang'anira kampani yapakhomo ya CAD (mapangidwe othandizira makompyuta) adawerengera akaunti.
Pakadali pano, msika wapadziko lonse lapansi wamakampani a EDA ndiwokwera kwambiri. Zimphona zitatu za EDA Synopsys (Synopsy), Cadence (Kedence Electronics), ndi Mentor Graphics (Mentor International, yopezedwa ndi Nokia ku Germany mu 2016) imakhala yoposa 70% ya msika wapadziko lonse lapansi. gawo la msika, ndipo atha kupereka zida zonse za EDA, zomwe zikukhudza njira yonse kapena njira zambiri zamapangidwe ophatikizika ndi kupanga.
Makampani atatuwa ali ndi mawonekedwe awoawo pazogulitsa, ndipo chidwi ndi zabwino za IP (intellectual property) ndizosiyana kwambiri. Zogulitsa zawo zili ndi gawo la msika la 85% ku China.Ukadaulo waukadaulo wa 3-nanometer GAAFET womangamanga womwe Samsung wangodutsa mu June chaka chino umalizidwa mothandizidwa ndi Synopsys ndi Cadence.
Makampani achiwiri akuimiridwa ndi ANSYS, Silvaco, Aldec Inc, Huada Jiutian, ndi zina zotero. Iwo ali ndi ndondomeko yonse m'madera apadera ndipo ali otsogola kwambiri mu teknoloji m'madera akumidzi.Makampani omwe ali mu echelon yachitatu akuphatikizapo Altium, Concept Engineering, Introduction Electronics, Guangliwei, Sierxin, DownStream Technologies, etc. Mapangidwe a EDA amachokera makamaka pazida za mfundo, ndipo pali kusowa kwazinthu zonse m'madera ena.
Makampani ambiri opangira zida zapakhomo amagwiritsabe ntchito pulogalamu yamakampani ya EDA yochokera kunja kupanga tchipisi. Mu 1993, Huada Jiutian adatulutsa pulogalamu yoyamba yapakhomo ya EDA - Panda ICCAD system, yomwe idachita bwino kwambiri mu EDA yapakhomo kuyambira 0 mpaka 1.Mu 2020, pamsika waku China wa EDA, malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa ndalama, Huada Jiutian adakhala pachinayi.
Pa Julayi 29, Huada Jiutian adafika pa Msika wa Growth Enterprise, ndi chiwonjezeko cha 126% patsiku loyamba la ndandanda, ndipo mtengo wake wamsika udaposa 40 biliyoni.Huada Jiutian adanena potengera kuti zambiri zamapangidwe ake a digito a EDA amatha kuthandizira njira ya 5-nanometer; Gelun Electronics inanena mu lipoti lake lapachaka kuti zida zina zimatha kuthandizira njira za 7-nanometer, 5-nanometer, ndi 3-nanometer.
Ndalama za Huada Jiutian mu 2021 ndi 580 miliyoni yuan, ndipo ndalama za Gailun Electronics ndizochepera 200 miliyoni yuan.Nambala 1 ya Synopsys yapadziko lonse lapansi ili ndi ndalama pafupifupi 26 biliyoni ya yuan komanso phindu loposa 5 biliyoni.
Tianfeng International Research Report inanena kuti kufalikira ndikofunikira. Pali magawo ang'onoang'ono pafupifupi 40 mu unyolo wa zida za EDA. Zimphona zitatuzi zakwanitsa kufalitsa mndandanda wonse wamakampani, pomwe mtsogoleri wapanyumba Huada Jiutian pakadali pano ali ndi pafupifupi 40%. Zina Zopangidwa ndi opanga EDA apanyumba nthawi zambiri zimakhala zida zama point.
Malinga ndi ziwerengero, pali makampani pafupifupi 100 opanga zida ku China.EDA imagawidwa kukhala zida zopangira zida za analogi ndi zida zamapangidwe a digito.Makampani ena apakhomo athetsa njira yonse yopangira tchipisi ta analogi.Zida zopangira tchipisi ta digito ndizovuta kwambiri. Pafupifupi "zida za 120" zimakhudzidwa ndi mapangidwe, ndipo kafukufuku ndi chitukuko chikuchitika pa chida chilichonse.
Pali lingaliro lakuti kusungitsa United States, njira yokhayo yopititsira patsogolo pulogalamu ya EDA ndikukweza mwachangu kuchuluka kwa mapulogalamu apakhomo a EDA, ndipo mabizinesi apakhomo ayenera kugwirizanitsa, ndipo ngakhale Huawei HiSilicon ndi mayunivesite apakhomo ayenera kutenga nawo mbali. popanga mapangano a chitukuko chogwirizana.Pakuchulukirachulukira kwa tchipisi tanyumba, EDA yapakhomo ilibe mwayi pamsika wa ogula.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-15-2022