Zolemba zamakampani atatu apamwamba kwambiri aku Japan ndizosowa kwambiri m'malo omwe makampani opanga magalimoto padziko lonse lapansi akhudzidwa kwambiri pakupanga ndi kugulitsa.
Pamsika wamagalimoto apanyumba, magalimoto aku Japan alidi mphamvu zomwe sizinganyalanyazidwe.Ndipo magalimoto aku Japan omwe timakamba nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "minda iwiri ndi imodzi yopanga", yomwe ndi Toyota, Honda, ndi Nissan.Makamaka magulu ambiri ogula magalimoto apanyumba, ndikuwopa kuti eni ake ambiri kapena omwe akuyembekezeka kukhala eni magalimoto athana ndi makampani atatu amagalimoto awa.Monga atatu apamwamba kwambiri ku Japan alengeza posachedwa zolemba zawo zachaka chandalama cha 2021 (Epulo 1, 2021 - Marichi 31, 2022), tidawunikanso momwe atatu apamwamba adachitira chaka chatha.
Nissan: Zolemba ndi kuyika magetsi zikuyenda ndi "minda iwiri"
Kaya ndi ma yen 8.42 thililiyoni (pafupifupi ma yuan 440.57 biliyoni) kapena ma yen biliyoni 215.5 (pafupifupi 11.28 biliyoni) pa phindu, Nissan ili pakati pa atatu apamwamba. Kukhalapo kwa "pansi".Komabe, ndalama za 2021 zikadali chaka chobwerera mwamphamvu kwa Nissan.Chifukwa pambuyo pa "zochitika za Ghosn", Nissan yawonongeka kwa zaka zitatu zotsatizana zandalama chisanafike chaka chachuma cha 2021.Pambuyo pa kuwonjezeka kwa chaka ndi chaka phindu lachuma linafika pa 664%, linapindulanso chaka chatha.
Kuphatikizidwa ndi dongosolo la Nissan lazaka zinayi la "Nissan NEXT lakusintha kwamakampani" lomwe lidayamba mu Meyi 2020, zatsala pang'ono kutha chaka chino.Malinga ndi zomwe boma likunena, mtundu wa Nissan uwu wa dongosolo la "kuchepetsa mtengo ndi kukwera kwachangu" wathandiza Nissan kuwongolera 20% ya mphamvu zopangira padziko lonse lapansi, kukhathamiritsa 15% ya mizere yapadziko lonse lapansi, ndikuchepetsa 350 yen biliyoni (pafupifupi 18.31 biliyoni ya yuan). ), yomwe inali pafupifupi 17% kuposa cholinga choyambirira.
Ponena za malonda, Mbiri yapadziko lonse ya Nissan yamagalimoto 3.876 miliyoni idatsika pafupifupi 4% pachaka.Poganizira zinthu monga kusowa kwa chip chapadziko lonse lapansi chaka chatha, kutsika uku kumakhala koyenera.Komabe, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti pamsika waku China, womwe umakhala pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a malonda ake onse, malonda a Nissan adatsika pafupifupi 5% pachaka, ndipo gawo lake la msika lidatsikanso kuchokera ku 6,2% mpaka 5,6%.Mundalama wa 2022, Nissan ikuyembekeza kufunafuna malo atsopano okulirapo m'misika yaku US ndi Europe ndikukhazikitsa chitukuko cha msika waku China.
Kuyika magetsi mwachiwonekere ndicho cholinga cha chitukuko chotsatira cha Nissan. Ndi zachikale monga Leaf, zomwe Nissan achita pakali pano pa gawo lamagetsi ndizosasangalatsa.Malinga ndi "Vision 2030", Nissan akufuna kukhazikitsa mitundu 23 yamagetsi (kuphatikiza mitundu 15 yamagetsi) pofika chaka cha 2030.Pamsika waku China, Nissan akuyembekeza kukwaniritsa cholinga chamitundu yamagalimoto amagetsi opitilira 40% yazogulitsa zonse muzachuma cha 2026.Ndi kufika kwa e-MPOWER zitsanzo luso, Nissan wadzaza woyamba kusuntha mwayi pa Toyota ndi Honda mu njira luso.Pambuyo potulutsa mphamvu zaposachedwa, kodi Nissan idzagwira ntchito ndi "minda iwiri" panjira yatsopanoyi?
Honda: Kuphatikiza pa magalimoto amafuta, magetsi amathanso kudalira kuyika magazi panjinga yamoto
Malo achiwiri pa zolembazo ndi Honda, ndi ndalama zokwana 14.55 yen thililiyoni (pafupifupi 761.1 biliyoni ya yuan), kuwonjezeka kwa chaka ndi chaka ndi 10.5%, ndi chaka ndi chaka kuwonjezeka kwa 7.5% mu phindu lonse mpaka 707. mabiliyoni a Japan yen (pafupifupi yuan biliyoni 37).Pankhani ya ndalama, ntchito ya Honda chaka chatha sinathe ngakhale kutsika kwambiri m'zaka zandalama 2018 ndi 2019.Koma phindu lonse likukwera pang'onopang'ono.Pansi pa chilengedwe cha kuchepetsa mtengo ndi kusintha kwachangu kwa makampani opanga magalimoto padziko lonse lapansi, kuchepa kwa ndalama ndi kuwonjezeka kwa phindu kumawoneka kuti kwakhala mutu waukulu, koma Honda akadali ndi chikhalidwe chake.
Kupatulapo yen yofooka yomwe Honda adawonetsa mu lipoti lake lazopeza kuti athandizire phindu la kampani yomwe imayang'ana kunja, ndalama zomwe kampaniyo idapeza mchaka chatha chandalama zinali makamaka chifukwa chakukula kwa bizinesi yanjinga yamoto ndi ntchito zachuma.Malinga ndi deta yoyenera, ndalama zamalonda za njinga zamoto za Honda zawonjezeka ndi 22,3% chaka ndi chaka m'chaka chatha chandalama.Mosiyana ndi izi, kukula kwachuma kwabizinesi yamagalimoto kunali 6.6% yokha.Kaya ikuchita phindu kapena phindu, bizinesi yamagalimoto ya Honda ndiyotsika kwambiri kuposa bizinesi yanjinga zamoto.
M'malo mwake, potengera kugulitsa mchaka chachilengedwe cha 2021, kugulitsa kwa Honda m'misika ikuluikulu iwiri yaku China ndi United States kukadali kodabwitsa.Komabe, atalowa kotala loyamba, chifukwa cha mphamvu ya kotunga ndi mikangano malo, Honda anakumana kutsika kwambiri pa mfundo ziwiri pamwamba.Komabe, malinga ndi zochitika zazikulu, kuchepa kwa bizinesi yagalimoto ya Honda kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa ndalama za R&D m'gawo lake lamagetsi.
Malinga ndi njira yaposachedwa yamagetsi ya Honda, m'zaka khumi zikubwerazi, Honda akufuna kuyika ndalama zokwana 8 thililiyoni pofufuza ndi chitukuko (pafupifupi yuan biliyoni 418.48).Ngati kuwerengeredwa ndi phindu lonse la chaka chandalama cha 2021, izi zikufanana ndi phindu lonse lazaka zopitilira 11 zomwe zidayikidwa pakusintha.Pakati pawo, kwa msika womwe ukukula kwambiri waku China wa magalimoto amagetsi atsopano, Honda akufuna kukhazikitsa 10 zitsanzo koyera magetsi mkati 5 zaka. Mtundu woyamba wa mtundu wake watsopano e: N mndandanda wazindikirikanso kapena kukonzekera kugulitsidwa ku Dongfeng Honda ndi GAC Honda motsatana.Ngati makampani ena azikhalidwe zamagalimoto amadalira kuthiridwa magazi kwagalimoto yamafuta kuti aziyika magetsi, ndiye kuti Honda adzafunika magazi ochulukirapo kuchokera kubizinesi yanjinga yamoto.
Toyota: Net phindu = katatu kuposa Honda + Nissan
Bwana womaliza mosakayikira ndi Toyota. Mchaka cha 2021, Toyota idapambana ndalama zokwana 31.38 trillion yen (pafupifupi 1,641.47 biliyoni ya yuan), ndipo idatenga ma yen 2.85 trillion (pafupifupi 2.85 yen thililiyoni). 149 biliyoni), kukwera 15.3% ndi 26.9% chaka ndi chaka motsatana.Osanenapo kuti ndalama zimaposa kuchuluka kwa Honda ndi Nissan, ndipo phindu lake limakhala katatu kuposa anthu awiriwa.Ngakhale poyerekeza ndi mpikisano wakale Volkswagen, pambuyo phindu ukonde mu ndalama 2021 kuchuluka ndi 75% chaka ndi chaka, anali 15,4 biliyoni mayuro (pafupifupi 108,8 biliyoni yuan).
Titha kunena kuti lipoti la Toyota la chaka chachuma cha 2021 ndilofunika kwambiri. Choyamba, phindu lake logwiritsira ntchito linaposa mtengo wapamwamba wa chaka cha 2015, ndikuyika mbiri yapamwamba m'zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi.Kachiwiri, pakumveka kwa kutsika kwa malonda, malonda a Toyota padziko lonse lapansi mchaka chandalama adapitilirabe 10 miliyoni, kufikira mayunitsi 10.38 miliyoni, kuwonjezeka kwa chaka ndi 4.7%.Ngakhale kuti Toyota yachepetsa mobwerezabwereza kapena kuimitsa kupanga m'chaka chachuma cha 2021, kuwonjezera pa kuchepa kwa kupanga ndi kugulitsa pamsika wawo wa ku Japan, Toyota yachita kwambiri m'misika yapadziko lonse kuphatikizapo China ndi United States.
Koma pakukula kwa phindu la Toyota, ntchito yake yogulitsa ndi gawo limodzi lokha.Chiyambireni mavuto azachuma mu 2008, Toyota yatengera pang'onopang'ono dongosolo la CEO wa dera ndi njira yoyendetsera ntchito pafupi ndi msika wamba, ndipo yamanga lingaliro la "kuchepetsa mtengo ndi kuwonjezeka kwachangu" lomwe makampani ambiri amagalimoto akukhazikitsa lero.Kuphatikiza apo, kukonza ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa kamangidwe ka TNGA kwayala maziko okweza bwino za kuthekera kwazinthu zake ndikuchita bwino kwambiri m'mphepete mwa phindu.
Komabe, ngati kutsika kwa mtengo wa yen mu 2021 kungathebe kutengera kukwera kwamitengo kwazinthu zopangira, ndiye kuti titalowa gawo loyamba la 2022, kukwera kwamphamvu kwazinthu zopangira, komanso kupitilira kwa zivomezi ndi polima dziko. mikangano pa mbali kupanga, kupanga Japanese atatu Amphamvu, makamaka lalikulu Toyota akulimbana.Nthawi yomweyo, Toyota ikukonzekeranso kuyika ndalama zokwana 8 trillion yen pakufufuza ndi chitukuko kuphatikiza hybrid, cell cellndi zitsanzo zoyera zamagetsi.Ndikusintha Lexus kukhala mtundu weniweni wamagetsi mu 2035.
lembani kumapeto
Titha kunena kuti mayunivesite atatu apamwamba kwambiri ku Japan onse apereka zolemba zochititsa chidwi pamayeso aposachedwa apachaka.Izi ndizosowa kwambiri m'malo omwe makampani opanga magalimoto padziko lonse lapansi akhudzidwa kwambiri pakupanga ndi kugulitsa.Komabe, mothandizidwa ndi zinthu monga mikangano yapadziko lonse lapansi komanso kupsinjika komwe kumapitilirabe.Kwa makampani atatu apamwamba aku Japan omwe amadalira kwambiri msika wapadziko lonse lapansi, angafunikire kupirira kwambiri kuposa makampani amagalimoto aku Europe, America ndi China.Kuonjezera apo, pa njira yatsopano ya mphamvu, atatu apamwamba ndi ambiri othamangitsa.Kugulitsa kwakukulu kwa R&D, komanso kukwezedwa kwazinthu zotsatizana ndi mpikisano, kumapangitsanso Toyota, Honda, ndi Nissan kukumana ndi zovuta nthawi zonse.
Wolemba: Ruan Song
Nthawi yotumiza: May-17-2022