Pogula galimoto, oyendetsa magalimoto otaya nthawi zambiri amafunsa kuti, kodi ndibwino kugula galimoto yokhala ndi liwiro lalikulu kapena laling'ono lakumbuyo? Ndipotu, zonsezi ndi zabwino. Chinsinsi ndicho kukhala woyenera. Kunena mwachidule, madalaivala ambiri amagalimoto amadziŵa kuti chiŵerengero chaching’ono cha axle chakumbuyo chimatanthawuza mphamvu yaing’ono yokwerera, kuthamanga kwambiri ndi kutsika kwa mafuta; chiŵerengero chachikulu chakumbuyo cha exile chimatanthawuza mphamvu yokwera kwambiri, kuthamanga kwapang'onopang'ono komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ambiri.
Koma chifukwa chiyani? Sitiyenera kungodziwa zenizeni komanso zifukwa zake. Lero, tiyeni tikambirane ndi anzathu oyendetsa za liwiro la exle yakumbuyo ya magalimoto!
Kuthamanga kwa exle yakumbuyo ndi dzina lodziwika bwino. Dzina lamaphunziro ndiye chiŵerengero chachikulu chochepetsera, chomwe ndi chiŵerengero cha giya cha chochepetsera chachikulu mu ekisi yoyendetsa galimoto. Itha kuchepetsa liwiro pa shaft yoyendetsa ndikuwonjezera torque. Mwachitsanzo, ngati nkhwangwa kumbuyo liwiro chiŵerengero cha galimoto ndi 3.727, ndiye ngati liwiro kutsinde pagalimoto ndi 3.727 r/s (revolutions pa sekondi), kuchepetsedwa kukhala 1r/s (zosintha pa sekondi).
Tikamanena kuti galimoto yokhala ndi liwiro lalikulu la ekseli yakumbuyo imakhala yamphamvu kwambiri, kapena yaing’ono yaing’ono yaing’ono ya liwiro la ekseli yakumbuyo imathamanga kwambiri, tiyenera kuyerekeza zitsanzo zomwezo. Ngati ali zitsanzo zosiyana, ndizopanda tanthauzo kungoyerekeza kukula kwa ma axle speed ratios, ndipo n'zosavuta kuganiza zolakwika.
Chifukwa gwero lakumbuyo limagwiritsidwa ntchito molumikizana ndi gearbox, liwiro la magiya osiyanasiyana mu gearbox nawonso ndi osiyana, ndipo liwiro lonse lagalimoto ndi chifukwa chochulukitsa liwiro la gearbox ndi liwiro la magiya. chitsulo chakumbuyo.
Chifukwa chiyani magalimoto okhala ndi ma axle ang'onoang'ono akumbuyo amathamanga mwachangu?
Popanda kuganizira zakunja monga katundu, kukana kwa mphepo, kukana kukwera, ndi zina zambiri, ndikungoganizira kuchuluka kwa kufalikira, titha kudziwa liwiro lagalimoto kudzera munjira:
Liwiro lagalimoto = 0.377 × (liwiro la injini × kugudubuza kwa matayala) / (chiŵerengero cha gearbox gear × kumbuyo kwa liwiro la chitsulo)
Pakati pawo, 0.377 ndi coefficient yokhazikika.
Mwachitsanzo, ngati mtundu womwewo wa magalimoto owala ndi galimoto yopepuka A ndi galimoto yopepuka B, imakhala ndi matayala ozungulira a 7.50R16, Wanliyang WLY6T120 yotumiza pamanja, yokhala ndi magiya 6 akutsogolo ndi giya imodzi yakumbuyo, liwiro lapamwamba kwambiri ndilokwera kwambiri, giya. Chiyerekezo ndi 0.78, chiŵerengero cha liwiro la ekseli yakumbuyo ya galimoto yopepuka A ndi 3.727, ndi liwiro la ekseli yakumbuyo yagalimoto yopepuka B ndi 4.33.
Ndiye pamene gearbox ali mu giya apamwamba ndi liwiro injini ndi 2000rpm, malinga ndi chilinganizo pamwamba, ife kuwerengera liwiro la galimoto kuwala A ndi galimoto kuwala B motero. Kutalika kwa tayala la 7.50R16 ndi pafupifupi mamita 0.3822 (malo ozungulira a matayala amitundu yosiyanasiyana amathanso kutengedwa molingana ndi magawo a tayala.
Liwiro lagalimoto yopepuka A = 0.377 × (2000 × 0.3822) / (0.78 × 3.727) = 99.13 (km/h);
Kuwala galimoto B liwiro = 0,377 × (2000 × 0.3822) / (0,78 × 4.33) = 85.33 (km/h);
Kwa mtundu womwewo wagalimoto, pomwe liwiro la injini ndi 2000rpm, zimaganiziridwa kuti liwiro lagalimoto yopepuka A yokhala ndi liwiro laling'ono lakumbuyo limafikira 99.13km/h, ndi liwiro lagalimoto yopepuka B yokhala ndi chitsulo chachikulu chakumbuyo. liwiro ndi 85.33km/h. Choncho, galimoto yokhala ndi liwiro laling'ono lakumbuyo imathamanga kwambiri ndipo imakhala yowotcha mafuta.
Chifukwa chiyani magalimoto okhala ndi liwiro lalikulu la exle kumbuyo amakhala ndi luso lokwera kwambiri?
Kukwera mwamphamvu kumatanthauza kuti galimotoyo imakhala ndi mphamvu zoyendetsera galimoto. Theoretical calculation formula for truck driving force ndi:
Mphamvu yoyendetsa = (makokedwe a injini × chiŵerengero cha zida × chiŵerengero chochepetsera chomaliza × kugwiritsa ntchito makina opangira magetsi) / utali wa gudumu
Kwa galimoto yopepuka A ndi galimoto yopepuka B pamwambapa, matayala a 7.50R16 ndi pafupifupi 0.3937m (kutalika kwa matayala amitundu yosiyanasiyana amathanso kutengedwa kutengera magawo a matayala.
Ngati mukufuna, tidzafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane pambuyo pake). Ngati galimoto yopepuka A ndi galimoto yopepuka B ili mu giya yoyamba ndipo ma torque a injini ndi 450 Nm, timawerengera mphamvu yoyendetsera galimoto yopepuka A ndi galimoto yopepuka B panthawiyi:
Galimoto yopepuka Mphamvu yoyendetsa = (450×6.32X3.72X0.98)/0.3937=26384.55 (Newtons)
Galimoto yopepuka B yoyendetsa mphamvu = (450×6.32X4.33X0.98)/0.3937=30653.36 (Newton)
Pamene injini ili mu 1 giya ndi injini linanena bungwe makokedwe ndi 450 Nm, mphamvu yoyendetsa analandira ndi kuwala galimoto A ndi 26384.55 Newtons, amene nthawi zambiri amalankhula za 2692 makilogalamu (kg) thrust (1 kg-mphamvu = 9.8 Newtons); mphamvu yoyendetsa galimoto yopepuka B ndi 30653.36 Newtons, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimalankhula za 3128 kilograms (kg) za thrust (1 kg-force = 9.8 Newtons). Mwachiwonekere, galimoto yopepuka B yokhala ndi liwiro lalikulu la axle yakumbuyo imayendetsa kwambiri, ndipo mwachilengedwe imakhala ndi mphamvu zokwera kwambiri.
Zomwe zili pamwambazi ndizongotengera nthano zotopetsa. Kuti tifotokoze momveka bwino, ngati galimoto ikufaniziridwa ndi munthu, liwiro la ekseli lakumbuyo ndilofanana ndi mafupa a mwendo. Ngati chiŵerengero cha liwiro lakumbuyo ndi chaching'ono, galimotoyo imatha kuthamanga mofulumira ndi katundu wopepuka ndipo maulendo othamanga ndi apamwamba; ngati chiŵerengero cha liwiro la chitsulo cham'mbuyo ndi chachikulu, galimotoyo imatha kuthamanga kutsogolo ndi katundu wolemera ndipo maulendo othamanga ndi otsika.
Kuchokera kusanthula pamwambapa, zitha kuwoneka kuti chiwongolero chakumbuyo chakumbuyo ndi chaching'ono, mphamvu yokwera ndi yaying'ono, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta kumakhala kochepa; chiŵerengero cha liwiro la chitsulo cham'mbuyo ndi chachikulu, mphamvu yokwerera ndi yamphamvu, liŵiro limakhala lapang'onopang'ono, ndipo mafuta amawononga kwambiri.
Pamsika wamakono wapakhomo, kuphatikiza kwa "mahatchi okwera kwambiri ndi liwiro laling'ono lakumbuyo" ndilofala, ndipo limagwira ntchito pazochitika zambiri. Mosiyana ndi kale, mphamvu yamahatchi ya injini inali yaing'ono, panali zodzaza zambiri, ndipo panali misewu yambiri yamapiri ndi misewu yafumbi, kotero anthu ankakonda kusankha chiŵerengero chachikulu cha liwiro lakumbuyo.
Masiku ano, mayendedwe amangotengera katundu wokhazikika, kasamalidwe koyenera, komanso misewu yayikulu. "Njira yokhayo yogonjetsera masewera ankhondo padziko lonse lapansi ndikuthamanga." Galimoto ya injini yamphamvu ya akavalo ikamayenda mothamanga kwambiri, yokhala ndi ekseli yaing'ono yakumbuyo ndi giya ya gearbox, liwiro la injini silifunika kukhala lalitali kwambiri kuti lifike pa liwiro loposa 90 miles pa ola.
Kuphatikiza apo, tikudziwanso kuti liwiro la axle lakumbuyo limakhala ndi zotsatira zochepetsera liwiro ndikuwonjezera torque. Ngati injini yokwera pamahatchi ili ndi mphamvu zokwanira zosungira ndipo ili ndi torque yayikulu komanso mphamvu zophulika zamphamvu, zotsatira za kudalira chiŵerengero cha liwiro lalikulu la chitsulo chakumbuyo kuti muwonjezere torque zitha kufooka. Kupatula apo, gearbox imatha kuchitanso chimodzimodzi.
Ma axle okwera pamahatchi, othamanga kwambiri amakhala ndi mafuta ambiri ndipo ndi oyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo apadera ogwirira ntchito monga magalimoto otayira, magalimoto osakaniza simenti, ndi magalimoto omwe amayenda pafupipafupi m'misewu yamapiri.
Ndiye tikamagula galimoto, kodi ndi bwino kugula chiŵerengero chokulirapo kapena chaching'ono chakumbuyo? Zimatengerabe kugwiritsa ntchito kwanu.
Kwa njira zina zoyendera ndi katundu zomwe zimakhala zokhazikika, ndizosavuta kusankha chitsanzo chokhala ndi liwiro loyenera. Kwa anthu ena onyamula katundu omwe amayenda kuzungulira dzikolo, njira ndi katundu sizinakhazikitsidwe, choncho zimakhala zovuta kusankha. Muyenera kusankha mosinthika liwiro lapakati malinga ndi momwe mumagwiritsira ntchito.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-24-2024