Pafupifupi 90% ya mphamvu zopangira sizigwira ntchito, ndipo kusiyana pakati pa kufunikira ndi kufunikira ndi 130 miliyoni. Kodi mphamvu zopangira magalimoto atsopano ndi zochuluka kapena zikusoweka?
Mawu Oyamba: Pakali pano, makampani opitilira 15 amagalimoto achikhalidwe afotokoza bwino za nthawi yoyimitsa kugulitsa magalimoto amafuta. Kuthekera kwa magalimoto atsopano a BYD kudzakulitsidwa kuchokera pa 1.1 miliyoni mpaka 4.05 miliyoni mkati mwa zaka ziwiri. Gawo loyamba la fakitale yamagalimoto…
Koma panthawi imodzimodziyo, bungwe la National Development and Reform Commission linanena momveka bwino kuti silifuna kuti mphamvu zatsopano zopangira zigwiritsidwe ntchito zisanakhazikitsidwe maziko omwe alipo a magalimoto atsopano amphamvu asanafike pamlingo woyenera.
Kumbali imodzi, opanga magalimoto amafuta amakankhira batani "kusintha njira" accelerator, ndipo kumbali ina, boma limayendetsa mosamalitsa kukulitsa kwachangu kwamphamvu yopanga. Ndi malingaliro otani a chitukuko chamakampani omwe amabisika kumbuyo kwa zomwe zimawoneka ngati "zotsutsana"?
Kodi pali kuchuluka kwa magalimoto atsopano? Ngati ndi choncho, kuchuluka kowonjezerako ndi kotani? Ngati pali kuchepa, kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ndi kwakukulu bwanji?
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Pafupifupi 90% ya mphamvu zopanga sizigwira ntchito
Monga momwe timayang'anira chitukuko chamtsogolo, ndi njira yosapeŵeka kuti magalimoto amphamvu atsopano apititse patsogolo chitukuko chawo ndikulowa m'malo mwa magalimoto amtundu wamba.
Ndi chithandizo cha ndondomeko ndi chidwi cha ndalama, gulu lalikulu la msika wamagetsi atsopano a dziko langa lakula mofulumira. Pakali pano, pali oposa 40,000 opanga magalimoto (kampani fufuzani deta). Mphamvu zopangira magalimoto atsopano amphamvu zakulanso mofulumira. Pofika kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2021, kuchuluka kwa magalimoto omwe alipo komanso omwe akukonzekera kudzakwana pafupifupi mayunitsi 37 miliyoni.
Mu 2021, kutulutsa kwa magalimoto atsopano m'dziko langa kudzakhala 3.545 miliyoni. Malinga ndi kuwerengetsa uku, mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu ndi pafupifupi 10%. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pafupifupi 90% ya mphamvu zopangira sizigwira ntchito.
Kuchokera pamalingaliro akukula kwamakampani, kuchuluka kwa magalimoto amagetsi atsopano kumapangidwira. Pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pakati pamakampani osiyanasiyana amagalimoto, zomwe zikuwonetsa kusinthasintha kwa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri ndikugulitsa zambiri komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa ndikugulitsa kochepa.
Mwachitsanzo, makampani otsogola amagetsi atsopano monga BYD, Wuling, ndi Xiaopeng akukumana ndi kusowa kwa zinthu, pomwe makampani ena ofooka amagalimoto amatulutsa zochepa kapena sanafikebe pagawo lopanga zinthu zambiri.
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Nkhawa zakuwonongeka kwa zinthu
Izi sizimangobweretsa vuto la kuchuluka kwa magalimoto mumsika watsopano wamagetsi, komanso kuwononga zinthu zambiri.
Kutengera chitsanzo cha Zhidou Automobile, panthawi yomwe idakula kuyambira 2015 mpaka 2017, kampani yamagalimoto motsatizana idalengeza mphamvu zake zopanga ku Ninghai, Lanzhou, Linyi, Nanjing ndi mizinda ina. Mwa iwo, Ninghai, Lanzhou ndi Nanjing okha omwe adakonza zopanga magalimoto 350,000 pachaka. Kupitilira kuchuluka kwake kwapachaka kugulitsa pafupifupi mayunitsi 300,000.
Kuwonjezeka kwakhungu pamodzi ndi kutsika kwakukulu kwa malonda sikunangoika makampani m'mavuto a ngongole, komanso kunakokera pansi ndalama za m'deralo. Poyamba, katundu wa Zhidou Automobile a Shandong Linyi fakitale anagulitsidwa yuan miliyoni 117, ndipo wolandira anali Finance Bureau ya Yinan County, Linyi.
Ichi ndi gawo laling'ono chabe la ndalama zopumira pantchito yamagalimoto atsopano.
Zambiri zochokera kuchigawo cha Jiangsu zikuwonetsa kuti kuyambira 2016 mpaka 2020, kuchuluka kwa magalimoto opangira magalimoto m'chigawochi kwatsika kuchoka pa 78% mpaka 33.03%, ndipo chifukwa chachikulu chakuchepa kwa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pafupifupi theka ndikuti ntchito zomwe zangoyambitsidwa kumene. ku Jiangsu m'zaka zaposachedwa, kuphatikizapo Salen, Byton, Bojun, etc. sizinapangidwe bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kuperewera kwakukulu kwa mphamvu zawo zonse zopanga.
Kutengera momwe makampani onse amawonera, kuchuluka kwa magalimoto omwe akukonzedwa pakadali pano kwapitilira msika wonse wamagalimoto onyamula anthu.
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Kusiyana pakati pa kupezeka ndi kufunikira kumafika 130 miliyoni
Koma m'kupita kwanthawi, mphamvu zopangira mphamvu zamagalimoto atsopano ndizokwanira. Malinga ndi kuyerekezera, m'zaka khumi zikubwerazi, padzakhala kusiyana kwa pafupifupi 130 miliyoni pakupereka ndi kufunikira kwa magalimoto amphamvu atsopano m'dziko langa.
Malinga ndi zomwe zanenedweratu za Market Economic Research Institute of the Development Research Center of the State Council, pofika 2030, kuchuluka kwa magalimoto mdziko langa kudzakhala pafupifupi 430 miliyoni. Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa magalimoto atsopano olowera ku 40% mu 2030, kuchuluka kwa magalimoto amagetsi atsopano m'dziko langa kudzafika pa 170 miliyoni pofika 2030. Pofika kumapeto kwa 2021, kuchuluka kwa magalimoto omwe adakonzedwa m'dziko langa. ndi pafupifupi 37 miliyoni. Malinga ndi kuwerengera uku, pofika chaka cha 2030, magalimoto atsopano amphamvu a dziko langa akufunikabe kuonjezera mphamvu zopanga pafupifupi 130 miliyoni.
Pakalipano, manyazi omwe akukumana nawo ndi chitukuko cha galimoto yatsopano yamagetsi ndi chakuti pali kusiyana kwakukulu mu mphamvu zopangira zopangira, koma pali kuwonjezeka kwachilendo kwa mphamvu zopanga zopanda ntchito komanso zopanda mphamvu.
Pofuna kuonetsetsa chitukuko chapamwamba cha makampani a magalimoto a dziko langa, bungwe la National Development and Reform Commission lapempha mobwerezabwereza madera onse kuti afufuze bwino za kupanga kwa magalimoto atsopano amphamvu ndikukhala tcheru ndi kuchuluka kwa magalimoto atsopano amphamvu. Posachedwapa, bungwe la National Development and Reform Commission linanena momveka bwino kuti silikufuna kuti mphamvu zatsopano zopangira zigwiritsidwe ntchito zisanakhazikitsidwe maziko omwe alipo a magalimoto atsopano amphamvu asanafike pamlingo woyenera.
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Chiyambi chakwera
Mkhalidwe wa kuchulukirachulukira sikungowoneka mumakampani opanga magalimoto atsopano. Makampani okhwima monga tchipisi, photovoltaics, mphamvu yamphepo, zitsulo, makampani amagetsi a malasha, ndi zina zotero zonse zimayang'anizana ndi vuto la kuperewera kwa mphamvu zambiri kapena zochepa.
Chifukwa chake, mwanjira ina, kuchulukirachulukira ndi chizindikiro cha kukhwima kwamakampani. Izi zikutanthawuzanso kuti malo olowera kumalo atsopano a galimoto yamagetsi akwezedwa, ndipo si osewera onse omwe angapeze gawo lawo.
Tengani chip mwachitsanzo. M'zaka ziwiri zapitazi, "kusowa kwa chip" kwakhala cholepheretsa kukula kwa mafakitale ambiri. Kuperewera kwa tchipisi kwathandizira kukhazikitsidwa kwa mafakitale a chip komanso kuthamanga kwa kuchuluka kwa kupanga. Anadziponyeranso mkati, anayamba ntchito mwachimbulimbuli, ndipo chiwopsezo cha zomangamanga mobwerezabwereza chinawonekera, ndipo ngakhale ntchito yomanga pulojekiti payokha inali yosasunthika ndipo zokambirana zinkayendetsedwa, zomwe zinachititsa kuti chuma chiwonongeke.
Kuti izi zitheke, National Development and Reform Commission yapereka chitsogozo chazenera kumakampani a chip, kulimbikitsa mautumiki ndi chitsogozo pomanga ma projekiti akuluakulu ophatikizika adera, kuwongolera ndikuwongolera dongosolo lachitukuko chamakampani ophatikizika adera mwadongosolo, komanso mwamphamvu. anakonza chisokonezo cha mapulojekiti a chip.
Kuyang'ana m'mbuyo pamakampani opanga magalimoto atsopano, pomwe makampani ambiri amagalimoto azinthawi zonse akutembenuza chiwongolero ndikupanga mwamphamvu magalimoto atsopano opangira mphamvu, zikuwonekeratu kuti msika wamagalimoto amagetsi atsopano udzasintha pang'onopang'ono kuchokera ku msika wa blue ocean kupita kumsika wofiyira wanyanja, ndi zatsopano. makampani opanga magalimoto amphamvu asinthanso kuchokera ku msika wa blue ocean kupita kumsika wa red Ocean. Kusintha kwakukulu ku chitukuko chapamwamba. Pakusintha kwamakampani, makampani opanga magalimoto atsopano omwe ali ndi mwayi wocheperako komanso ziyeneretso zocheperako adzapeza zovuta kuti apulumuke.
Nthawi yotumiza: May-04-2022