Mahle, kampani ya zigawo zamagalimoto ku Germany, yapanga ma motors amagetsi amphamvu kwambiri a EVs, ndipo sizikuyembekezeka kuti padzakhala kukakamizidwa pakupereka ndi kufunikira kwa dziko losowa.
Mosiyana ndi injini zoyatsira mkati, kapangidwe kake ndi mfundo zogwirira ntchito zamagalimoto amagetsi ndizosavuta modabwitsa. Ndikuganiza kuti anthu ambiri adasewerapo ndi "magudumu anayi" ali aang'ono. M'menemo muli injini yamagetsi.
Mfundo yogwirira ntchito ya injini ndi yakuti mphamvu ya maginito imagwira ntchito pa mphamvu yapano kuti injiniyo ikhale yozungulira.Motor ndi chipangizo chomwe chimasintha mphamvu yamagetsi kukhala mphamvu yamakina. Imagwiritsa ntchito koyilo yopatsa mphamvu kuti ipange mphamvu ya maginito yozungulira ndipo imagwira ntchito pa rotor kuti ipange torque yamagetsi yamagetsi.Galimoto ndi yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, yodalirika pakugwira ntchito, yotsika mtengo komanso yokhazikika pamapangidwe.
Zinthu zambiri m'moyo wathu zomwe zimatha kuzungulira, monga zowumitsa tsitsi, zotsukira, ndi zina zotere, zimakhala ndi ma mota.
Galimoto mu galimoto yoyera yamagetsi ndi yokulirapo komanso yovuta, koma mfundo yofunikira ndi yofanana.
Zomwe zimafunikira potumiza mphamvu mu mota, ndipo zinthu zomwe zimayendetsa magetsi kuchokera ku batri ndi koyilo yamkuwa mkati mwa mota.Zinthu zomwe zimapanga mphamvu ya maginito ndi maginito.Izinso ndi zida ziwiri zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimapanga mota.
M'mbuyomu, maginito omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mumagetsi amagetsi anali makamaka maginito okhazikika opangidwa ndi chitsulo, koma vuto ndiloti mphamvu ya maginito imakhala yochepa.Chifukwa chake ngati muchepetsa injini mpaka kukula komwe imalumikiza foni yamakono, simupeza mphamvu yamaginito yomwe mukufuna.
Komabe, m'zaka za m'ma 1980, mtundu watsopano wa maginito okhazikika unawonekera, wotchedwa "maginito a neodymium".Maginito a Neodymium ndi amphamvu kuwirikiza kawiri kuposa maginito wamba.Zotsatira zake, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makutu ndi makutu omwe ali ang'onoang'ono komanso amphamvu kuposa mafoni.Kuphatikiza apo, sizovuta kupeza "maginito a neodymium" m'moyo wathu watsiku ndi tsiku.Tsopano, okamba ena, ophikira olowetsamo, ndi mafoni am'manja m'miyoyo yathu ali ndi "maginito a neodymium".
Chifukwa chomwe ma EV amayambira mwachangu lero ndi chifukwa cha "maginito a neodymium" omwe amatha kusintha kukula kapena kutulutsa kwa injiniyo.Komabe, titalowa m'zaka za zana la 21, vuto latsopano labuka chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito maginito osowa padziko lapansi mu maginito a neodymium.Zambiri mwazinthu zosowa padziko lapansi zili ku China. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, pafupifupi 97% yazinthu zosowa padziko lapansi za maginito padziko lapansi zimaperekedwa ndi China. Pakali pano, kutumiza kunja kwa gwero limeneli kwaletsedwa.
Atapanga maginito a neodymium, asayansi anayesa ndipo analephera kupanga maginito ang'onoang'ono, amphamvu, komanso otsika mtengo.Popeza dziko la China limayang'anira kuperekedwa kwa zitsulo zosiyanasiyana zosowa komanso zapadziko lapansi, akatswiri ena amakhulupirira kuti mtengo wa magalimoto amagetsi sudzatsika monga momwe amayembekezera.
Komabe, posachedwapa, German magalimoto luso ndi mbali chitukuko kampani "Mahle" bwinobwino apanga mtundu watsopano wa injini mulibe zinthu zachilendo padziko lapansi.Motor yopangidwa ilibe maginito konse.
Njira iyi yama motors imadziwika kuti "induction motor" ndipo imapanga mphamvu ya maginito podutsa pakali pano kudzera pa stator m'malo mwa maginito omwe magetsi amatha kuyenda.Panthawi imeneyi, pamene rotor imakhudzidwa ndi mphamvu ya maginito, idzapangitsa mphamvu ya electromotive, ndipo awiriwa amalumikizana kuti apange mphamvu yozungulira.
Mwachidule, ngati mphamvu ya maginito imapangidwa kwamuyaya ndi kukulunga galimotoyo ndi maginito okhazikika, ndiye kuti njirayo ndikusintha maginito okhazikika ndi ma electromagnets.Njirayi ili ndi ubwino wambiri, mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito ndi yosavuta, ndipo imakhala yolimba kwambiri.Chofunika kwambiri, pali kuchepa pang'ono kwa kutentha kwa kutentha, ndipo chimodzi mwazovuta za maginito a neodymium ndikuti ntchito yawo imachepa kutentha kwakukulu kumapangidwa.
Koma ilinso ndi zovuta, popeza panopa ikupitiriza kuyenda pakati pa stator ndi rotor, kutentha kumakhala koopsa kwambiri.Inde, ndizotheka kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kutentha komwe kumapangidwa ndi kukolola ndikugwiritsira ntchito ngati chotenthetsera mkati mwa galimoto.Kuonjezera apo, pali downsides angapo.Koma MAHLE adalengeza kuti adapanga bwino injini yopanda maginito yomwe imapanga zolephera za injini yolowera.
MAHLE ili ndi zabwino ziwiri zazikulu mugalimoto yake yatsopano yopanda maginito.Mmodzi samakhudzidwa ndi kusakhazikika kwa zosowa zapadziko lapansi komanso kufunikira kwake.Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, zitsulo zambiri zapadziko lapansi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu maginito okhazikika zimaperekedwa ndi China, koma ma motors omwe si maginito samakhudzidwa ndi kukakamiza kwapadziko lapansi.Kuphatikiza apo, popeza zinthu zapadziko lapansi zomwe sizimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri sizimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zitha kuperekedwa pamtengo wotsika.
Zina ndikuti zikuwonetsa bwino kwambiri, ma mota omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamagalimoto amagetsi okhala ndi mphamvu pafupifupi 70-95%.Mwa kuyankhula kwina, ngati mupereka 100% ya mphamvu, mukhoza kupereka 95% ya zotsatira.Komabe, munjira iyi, chifukwa cha zinthu zotayika monga kutayika kwachitsulo, kutayika kotulutsa sikungapeweke.
Komabe, Mahler akuti ndi opambana 95% nthawi zambiri komanso okwera mpaka 96% nthawi zina.Ngakhale kuti ziwerengero zenizeni sizinalengezedwe, yembekezerani kuwonjezeka pang'ono poyerekeza ndi chitsanzo chapitacho.
Pomaliza, MAHLE adalongosola kuti injini yopangidwa ndi maginito yopanda maginito singagwiritsidwe ntchito pamagalimoto wamba amagetsi onyamula anthu, komanso imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto ogulitsa kudzera pakukulitsa.MAHLE adanena kuti wayamba kufufuza zopanga zambiri, ndipo akukhulupirira motsimikiza kuti chitukuko cha injini yatsopanoyo chikatsirizidwa, adzatha kupereka ma injini okhazikika, otsika mtengo komanso apamwamba kwambiri.
Ngati lusoli likamalizidwa, mwina luso lamakono la MAHLE lamagetsi likhoza kukhala malo atsopano opangira luso lamakono lamagetsi.
Nthawi yotumiza: Feb-04-2023