Kodi lidar ndi chiyani ndipo lidar imagwira ntchito bwanji?

　　1. Kodi Lidar ndi chiyani?

Makampani osiyanasiyana amagalimoto akutsindika za lidar, kotero tiyenera kumvetsetsa kaye, lidar ndi chiyani?

LIDAR - Lidar, ndi sensa,lotchedwa "diso la loboti", ndi kachipangizo chofunika kuphatikiza laser, GPS udindo ndi inertial muyeso zipangizo. Njira yomwe imabwezeretsa nthawi yofunikira kuti muyese mtunda ndi yofanana ndi radar, kupatula kuti ma lasers amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa mafunde a wailesi.Zitha kunenedwa kuti lidar ndi imodzi mwamakonzedwe ofunikira a hardware kuti athandize magalimoto kukwaniritsa ntchito zoyendetsa bwino kwambiri.

2. Kodi lidar imagwira ntchito bwanji?

Kenako, tiyeni tikambirane momwe lidar imagwirira ntchito.

Choyamba, tiyenera kufotokoza momveka bwino kuti lidar siigwira ntchito palokha, ndipo kawirikawiri imakhala ndi zigawo zitatu zazikulu: laser transmitter, receiver, ndi inertial positioning ndi navigation.Pamene lidar ikugwira ntchito, imatulutsa kuwala kwa laser. Mukakumana ndi chinthu, kuwala kwa laser kumabwereranso ndikulandiridwa ndi sensa ya CMOS, potero kuyeza mtunda kuchokera ku thupi kupita ku chopinga.Kuchokera pamawonedwe a mfundo, bola ngati mukufunikira kudziwa kuthamanga kwa kuwala ndi nthawi yochokera ku mpweya kupita ku chidziwitso cha CMOS, mukhoza kuyeza mtunda wa chopingacho. Kuphatikizidwa ndi GPS yeniyeni, chidziwitso chakuyenda mopanda malire komanso kuwerengera kwa angle ya radar ya laser, dongosololi limatha kupeza mtunda wa chinthu chakutsogolo. Gwirizanitsani zonyamula ndi mtunda.

Chotsatira, ngati lidar ikhoza kutulutsa ma lasers angapo pakona yokhazikitsidwa pamalo omwewo, imatha kupeza ma siginecha angapo owoneka motengera zopinga.Kuphatikizidwa ndi nthawi, laser scanning angle, GPS position ndi INS zambiri, pambuyo pokonza deta, izi zidzaphatikizidwa ndi x, y, z zogwirizanitsa kuti zikhale chizindikiro cha mbali zitatu ndi chidziwitso cha mtunda, chidziwitso cha malo, ndi zina zotero. ma aligorivimu, dongosololi likhoza kupeza magawo osiyanasiyana okhudzana monga mizere, malo, ndi ma voliyumu, potero kukhazikitsa mapu amtambo amitundu itatu ndikujambula mapu achilengedwe, omwe amatha kukhala "maso" agalimoto.

3. Lidar Industry Chain

1) Wotumizachip: Kulamulira kwa 905nm EEL chip Osram kumakhala kovuta kusintha, koma VCSEL ikadzaza mphamvu yaying'ono kudzera munjira zambiri, chifukwa cha mtengo wake wotsika komanso mawonekedwe otsika kutentha, idzazindikira pang'onopang'ono m'malo mwa EEL, Chip Changguang. Huaxin, Zonghui Xinguang adayambitsa mwayi wachitukuko.

2) Wolandila: Monga njira ya 905nm ikufunika kuonjezera mtunda wodziwikiratu, zikuyembekezeka kuti SiPM ndi SPAD zizikhala njira yayikulu. 1550nm ipitiliza kugwiritsa ntchito APD, ndipo malire azinthu zofananira ndiwokwera kwambiri. Pakadali pano, imayendetsedwa ndi Sony, Hamamatsu ndi ON Semiconductor. The 1550nm core Citrix ndi 905nm Nanjing Core Vision ndi Lingming Photonics akuyembekezeka kutsogolera pakuswa.

3) Mapeto owerengera: Semiconductorlaser ili ndi kabowo kakang'ono ka resonator komanso mawonekedwe osawoneka bwino. Kuti akwaniritse muyezo wa lidar, nkhwangwa zofulumira komanso zocheperako ziyenera kulumikizidwa kuti ziwonekere, ndipo njira yowunikira kuwala kwa mzere iyenera kukhala homogenized. Mtengo wa lidar imodzi ndi ma yuan mazana.

4) TEC: Popeza Osram yathetsa kutentha kwa EEL, VCSEL mwachibadwa imakhala ndi mawonekedwe otsika kutentha, kotero lidar sikufunikanso TEC.

5) Kutha kusanthula: Chotchinga chachikulu cha galasi lozungulira ndikuwongolera nthawi, ndipo njira ya MEMS ndiyovuta. Xijing Technology ndiye woyamba kukwaniritsa kupanga misa.

4. Nyanja ya nyenyezi pansi pa m'malo mwa zinthu zapakhomo

Kukhazikika kwa lidar sikungokwaniritsa kulowetsa m'malo mwapakhomo komanso kudziyimira pawokha kwaukadaulo kuti maiko aku Western asamangidwe, komanso chinthu chofunikira ndikuchepetsa ndalama.

Mtengo wotsika mtengo ndi mutu wosathawika, komabe mtengo wa lidar siwotsika, mtengo woyika chipangizo chimodzi cha lidar m'galimoto ndi pafupi madola 10,000 a US.

Mtengo wamtengo wapatali wa lidar wakhala nthawi zonse mthunzi wake, makamaka pazitsulo zapamwamba kwambiri za lidar, cholepheretsa chachikulu chimakhala mtengo; Lidar imawonedwa ngati ukadaulo wokwera mtengo ndi makampani, ndipo Tesla adanena mosapita m'mbali kuti Kutsutsa lidar ndikokwera mtengo.

Opanga Lidar nthawi zonse amayang'ana kuchepetsa ndalama, ndipo pamene teknoloji ikukula, malingaliro awo pang'onopang'ono akukhala zenizeni.M'badwo wachiwiri wanzeru zoom lidar sikuti umangokhala ndi magwiridwe antchito apamwamba, komanso umachepetsa mtengo wa magawo awiri pa atatu poyerekeza ndi m'badwo woyamba, ndipo ndi wocheperako.Malinga ndi zoneneratu zamakampani, pofika chaka cha 2025, mtengo wapakati wamakina apamwamba akunja ukhoza kufika pafupifupi $700 iliyonse.

Zomwe zikuchitika panopa zamakampani a lidar ndikuti luso lamakono likukula kwambiri tsiku ndi tsiku, ndipo malo akuyandikira pang'onopang'ono.Kukhazikitsidwa kwa LiDAR kwadutsa magawo angapo. Choyamba, chinali cholamulidwa ndi makampani akunja. Pambuyo pake, makampani apakhomo adayamba ndikuwonjezera kulemera kwawo. Tsopano, ulamulirowo ukusunthira pang'onopang'ono pafupi ndi makampani apakhomo.

M'zaka zaposachedwa, kuchuluka kwa magalimoto odziyimira pawokha kwawonekera, ndipo opanga ma lidar akumaloko alowa pang'onopang'ono pamsika. Zogulitsa zam'nyumba zokhala ndi ma lidar apanyumba zayamba kutchuka pang'onopang'ono. M'magalimoto amagetsi apanyumba anzeru, makampani am'deralo a lidar awoneka motsatizana.

Malinga ndi chidziwitso, payenera kukhala makampani 20 kapena 30 a radar apanyumba, monga Sagitar Juchuang, Hesai Technology, Beike Tianhui, Leishen Intelligence, ndi zina zambiri, komanso zimphona zamagetsi zamagetsi monga DJI ndi Huawei, komanso zimphona zamagalimoto azikhalidwe. .

Pakalipano, ubwino wamtengo wapatali wa mankhwala a lidar oyambitsidwa ndi opanga aku China monga Hesai, DJI, ndi Sagitar Juchuang ndi zoonekeratu, ndikuphwanya malo otsogola a mayiko otukuka monga United States pamunda uwu.Palinso makampani monga Focuslight Technology, Han's Laser, Guangku Technology, Luowei Technology, Hesai Technology, Zhongji Innolight, Kongwei Laser, ndi Juxing Technology. Zochita ndi kupanga zimayendetsa zatsopano mu lidar.

Pakali pano, zikhoza kugawidwa m'masukulu awiri, imodzi ikupanga lidar yamakina, ndipo ina ikutseka mwachindunji zinthu za lidar zolimba.Pankhani yoyendetsa galimoto yothamanga kwambiri, Hesai ali ndi gawo lalikulu pamsika; m'munda wa otsika-liwiro yoyenda yokha, Sagitar Juchuang ndi amene amapanga chachikulu.

Kuchokera pakuwona kumtunda ndi kunsi kwa mtsinje wonse wa mafakitale, dziko langa lakulitsa mabizinesi angapo amphamvu ndikupanga unyolo wokwanira wamakampani.Pambuyo pazaka zambiri zakulimbikira komanso kuchulukirachulukira kwaukadaulo, makampani akunyumba a radar ayesetsa mozama m'magawo awo amsika, ndikuwonetsa msika wamaluwa otulutsa maluwa.

Kuchulukitsa ndi chizindikiro chofunikira cha kukhwima. Ndi kulowa mu kupanga zochuluka, mtengo ukutsikanso kwambiri. DJI idalengeza mu Ogasiti 2020 kuti yakwanitsa kupanga misa komanso kupereka zopangira zodziyimira pawokha zamagalimoto, ndipo mtengo watsika mpaka chikwi cha yuan. ; Ndipo Huawei, mu 2016 kuti achite kafukufuku waukadaulo wa lidar, kuti atsimikizire zachitsanzo mu 2017, ndikukwaniritsa kupanga kwakukulu mu 2020.

Poyerekeza ndi ma radar otumizidwa kunja, makampani apakhomo ali ndi maubwino okhudzana ndi nthawi yoperekera, makonda a ntchito, mgwirizano wautumiki ndi kulingalira kwamayendedwe.

Mtengo wogula wa lidar wochokera kunja ndiwokwera kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, kutsika mtengo kwa lidar zapakhomo ndiye chinsinsi chokhala ndi msika komanso mphamvu yoyendetsera m'malo mwanyumba. Zachidziwikire, mavuto ambiri othandiza monga malo ochepetsera mtengo komanso kukhwima kwapang'onopang'ono akadali ku China. Mabizinesi amakumanabe ndi zovuta zambiri.

Kuyambira kubadwa kwake, makampani a lidar awonetsa mikhalidwe yabwino kwambiri yaukadaulo wapamwamba.Monga ukadaulo womwe ukubwera womwe ukudziwika kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa, ukadaulo wa lidar uli ndi zopinga zazikulu zaukadaulo.Tekinoloje sizovuta kwa makampani omwe akufuna kulowa mumsika, komanso ndizovuta kwa makampani omwe akhalamo kwa zaka zambiri.

Pakali pano, m'malo m'nyumba, chifukwa tchipisi ta lidar, makamaka zigawo zomwe zimafunikira pokonza ma siginecha, makamaka zimadalira zolowa kunja, izi zakweza mtengo wopangira ma lidar apakhomo pamlingo wina. Pulojekiti yokhazikika yapakhosi ikupita kukathana ndi vutoli.

Kuphatikiza pazifukwa zawo zaukadaulo, makampani apanyumba a radar amafunikanso kukulitsa luso lathunthu, kuphatikiza kafukufuku waukadaulo ndi kachitidwe kachitukuko, maunyolo okhazikika komanso kuthekera kopanga misa, makamaka kuthekera kotsimikizira zamtundu wapambuyo pa malonda.

Pansi pa mwayi wa "Made in China 2025", opanga zoweta akhala akugwira ntchito m'zaka zaposachedwa ndipo apanga zambiri.Pakalipano, kukhazikitsidwa kwa malo kuli mu nthawi yomwe mwayi ndi zovuta zimakhala zomveka bwino, ndipo ndilo maziko a kusintha kwa lidar import.

Chachinayi, kugwiritsa ntchito kutera ndi mawu omaliza

Sikokokomeza kunena kuti kugwiritsa ntchito lidar kwabweretsa nthawi yomwe ikukwera, ndipo bizinesi yake yayikulu imachokera kumisika inayi yayikulu, yomwe ndi mafakitale opanga makina., zomangamanga zanzeru, maloboti ndi magalimoto.

Pali chiwopsezo champhamvu pantchito yoyendetsa pawokha, ndipo msika wa lidar wamagalimoto udzapindula ndi kulowa kwa magalimoto odziyimira pawokha apamwamba kwambiri ndikusunga kukula mwachangu.Makampani ambiri amagalimoto atengera mayankho a lidar, kutenga sitepe yoyamba yopita ku L3 ndi L4 kuyendetsa pawokha.

2022 ikukhala zenera losinthira kuchokera ku L2 kupita ku L3/L4. Monga cholumikizira chachikulu chaukadaulo wamagalimoto odziyimira pawokha, lidar yatenga gawo lofunikira kwambiri m'magawo ofananirako zaka zaposachedwa. Zikuyembekezeka kuti kuyambira 2023, njanji ya lidar yamagalimoto idzalowa munthawi yakukula Kwachangu.

Malinga ndi lipoti lofufuza zachitetezo, mu 2022, kuyimitsidwa kwa lidar yamagalimoto aku China kupitilira mayunitsi 80,000. Zikuyembekezeka kuti msika wa lidar m'malo okwera magalimoto onyamula anthu mdziko langa udzafika ma yuan biliyoni 26.1 mu 2025 ndi 98 biliyoni pofika 2030.Vehicle lidar yalowa mu nthawi yofuna kuphulika, ndipo chiyembekezo chamsika ndi chachikulu kwambiri.

Zopanda anthu ndizozoloŵera m'zaka zaposachedwa, ndipo zopanda anthu sizingasiyanitsidwe ndi maso anzeru - kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake.Kuyenda kwa laser ndikokhwima muukadaulo komanso kutera kwazinthu, ndipo kumakhala kolondola, ndipo kumatha kugwira ntchito mokhazikika m'malo ambiri, makamaka usiku wamdima. Ikhozanso kusunga chidziwitso cholondola. Pakali pano ndi njira yokhazikika komanso yodziwika bwino yoyika komanso kuyenda.Mwachidule, ponena za ntchito, mfundo ya laser navigation ndi yosavuta ndipo teknoloji ndi yokhwima.

Popanda anthu, yalowa m'madera omanga, migodi, kuchotsa zoopsa, ntchito, ulimi, kufufuza malo ndi ntchito zankhondo. Lidar yakhala njira yodziwika bwino yoyendera malowa.

Kuyambira mu 2019, ma radar akuchulukirachulukira adagwiritsidwa ntchito pama projekiti enieni amakasitomala, m'malo mongoyesa ma prototype mumsonkhanowu.2019 ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri kwamakampani am'nyumba zama lidar. Ntchito zamsika zalowa pang'onopang'ono muzochitika zenizeni za polojekiti, kukulitsa mawonekedwe ogwiritsira ntchito komanso kuchuluka kwake, kufunafuna misika yosiyanasiyana, ndikukhala chisankho wamba kwamakampani. .

Kugwiritsa ntchito lidar kumafalikira pang'onopang'ono, kuphatikiza makampani osayendetsa, loboti yantchitomakampani, intaneti ya Magalimoto amakampani, mayendedwe anzeru, ndi mzinda wanzeru. Kuphatikiza kwa ma lidar ndi ma drones kumathanso kujambula mamapu a nyanja, madzi oundana, ndi nkhalango.

Unmanned ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pamayendedwe anzeru. Poyendetsa ndi kugawa zida zanzeru, umisiri wambiri wosagwiritsidwa ntchito udzagwiritsidwa ntchito - ma robot oyendetsa mafoni ndi magalimoto osayendetsedwa ndi anthu, gawo lalikulu lomwe ndi lidar.

Pankhani ya smart logistics, kuchuluka kwa ntchito ya lidar kukuchulukiranso tsiku ndi tsiku. Kaya ikuchokera pakugwira ntchito kupita kumalo osungiramo katundu kapena katundu, lidar imatha kuphimbidwa ndikufikira ku madoko anzeru, mayendedwe anzeru, chitetezo chanzeru, ntchito zanzeru, komanso utsogoleri wanzeru wamatauni.

Muzochitika zogwirira ntchito monga madoko, lidar imatha kutsimikizira kulondola kwa kulanda katundu ndikuchepetsa zovuta za ogwira ntchito.Pankhani ya mayendedwe, lidar imatha kuthandizira kuzindikira zipata zothamanga kwambiri ndikuwonetsetsa kuti magalimoto odutsa akukwaniritsa zofunikira.Pankhani yachitetezo, lidar imatha kukhala maso a zida zosiyanasiyana zowunikira chitetezo.

M'munda wa mafakitale opanga mafakitale, mtengo wa lidar umasonyezedwa nthawi zonse. Pamzere wopanga, imatha kumasula ntchito yowunikira zinthu ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ikugwira ntchito.

Lidar (Kuzindikira Kuwala ndi Kuyenda) ndiukadaulo wowonera kutali womwe ukuchulukirachulukira ngati njira yotsika mtengo poyerekeza ndi njira zakale zowunikira monga kujambula zithunzi.M'zaka zaposachedwa, ma lidar ndi ma drones akhala akuwoneka m'magawo osiyanasiyana ogwiritsira ntchito ngati nkhonya yophatikizika, nthawi zambiri imatulutsa mphamvu ya 1 + 1> 2.

Njira yaukadaulo ya lidar ikupita patsogolo nthawi zonse. Palibe zomangamanga za lidar zomwe zingakwaniritse zosowa za mapulogalamu osiyanasiyana. Ntchito zambiri zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana, mawonekedwe, mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu komanso mtengo. Amafuna.

Lidar ili ndi zabwino zake, koma momwe mungakulitsire zabwino zimafunikira thandizo laukadaulo. Intelligent zoom lidar imatha kupanga zithunzi za stereo za mbali zitatu, kuthetsa bwino kwambiri zochitika zowopsa monga kuwunikiranso kwa mizere yowona komanso zovuta kuzindikira zinthu zosakhazikika.Ndi chitukuko chaukadaulo, lidar itenga gawo lake m'magawo ambiri osayembekezereka, zomwe zimatibweretsera zodabwitsa zambiri.

Masiku ano pamene mtengo uli mfumu, ma radar okwera mtengo sanakhalepo chisankho chamsika waukulu. Makamaka pakugwiritsa ntchito magalimoto odziyimira pawokha a L3, kukwera mtengo kwa ma radar akunja akadali chopinga chachikulu pakukhazikitsa kwake. Ndikofunikira kuzindikira zolowa m'malo mwa ma radar apanyumba.

Lidar wakhala akuyimira chitukuko ndi kugwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje omwe akubwera. Kaya ukadaulo ndi wokhwima kapena ayi zikugwirizana ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito kake komanso kukwezeleza kupanga kwakukulu.Ukadaulo wokhwima sikuti umapezeka kokha, komanso umagwirizana ndi ndalama zachuma, sinthani ndi zochitika zosiyanasiyana, ndikukhala otetezeka mokwanira.

Pambuyo pazaka zingapo zaukadaulo, zida zatsopano za lidar zakhala zikuyambitsidwa mosalekeza, ndipo ndikupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo, kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo kwakula kwambiri.Mawonekedwe ogwiritsira ntchito akuchulukiranso, ndipo zinthu zina zatumizidwa kumisika yayikulu ku Europe ndi United States.

Zachidziwikire, makampani a lidar amakumananso ndi zovuta izi: kusatsimikizika pakufunidwa, nthawi yayitali yokwera kwa otengera kuti achulukitse kupanga kwakukulu, komanso nthawi yayitali kuti lidar ipange ndalama zenizeni ngati wogulitsa.

Makampani apakhomo omwe adapeza gawo la lidar kwa zaka zambiri azigwira ntchito mozama m'magawo awo amsika, koma ngati akufuna kukhala ndi magawo ambiri amsika, ayenera kuphatikiza luso lawo laukadaulo, kukumba mozama muukadaulo wapamwamba, ndikupanga ndikusintha. mankhwala. Ubwino ndi kukhazikika zimagwira ntchito molimbika.