Galimoto ya maginito okhazikika imagwiritsa ntchito maginito okhazikika kuti ipangitse mphamvu yamagetsi yamototoyo, safuna makoyilo osangalatsa kapena kusangalatsa kwapano, imakhala ndi magwiridwe antchito apamwamba komanso mawonekedwe osavuta, komanso ndi injini yabwino yopulumutsa mphamvu. Mkubwela kwa mkulu-ntchito okhazikika zipangizo maginito ndi chitukuko mofulumira ulamuliro luso.Kugwiritsa ntchito ma mota a maginito okhazikika kudzakulirakulira. 
Mbiri yachitukuko cha motor maginito okhazikika Kukula kwa maginito okhazikika a maginito kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi chitukuko cha zipangizo zokhazikika za maginito.dziko langa ndi dziko loyamba padziko lapansi kuti lipeze maginito azinthu zamaginito okhazikika ndikuzigwiritsa ntchito. Zaka zoposa 2,000 zapitazo, dziko lathu linagwiritsa ntchito maginito a maginito okhazikika kuti apange kampasi, yomwe yathandiza kwambiri panyanja, asilikali ndi madera ena. Yakhala imodzi mwazinthu zinayi zazikulu zomwe zidapangidwa m'dziko langa. Galimoto yoyamba padziko lapansi yomwe idawonekera m'zaka za m'ma 1820 inali injini ya maginito yokhazikika yokhala ndi mphamvu ya maginito yosangalatsa yopangidwa ndi maginito osatha.Komabe, okhazikika maginito chuma ntchito pa nthawi imeneyo anali masoka magnetite (Fe3O4), amene ali otsika kwambiri maginito mphamvu kachulukidwe, ndi galimoto opangidwa kuchokera izo anali bulky, ndipo posakhalitsa m'malo ndi galimoto zokometsa magetsi. Ndi chitukuko chachangu cha ma motors osiyanasiyana komanso kupangidwa kwa maginito amakono, anthu achita kafukufuku wozama pamakina, kapangidwe kake ndi ukadaulo wopanga zida zokhazikika za maginito, ndipo motsatizana adapeza chitsulo cha kaboni ndi chitsulo cha tungsten (chinthu chachikulu kwambiri cha maginito). pafupifupi 2.7 kJ/m3), cobalt chitsulo (pazipita maginito mphamvu mankhwala pafupifupi 7.2 kJ/m3) ndi zina okhazikika maginito zipangizo. Makamaka, maginito okhazikika a AlNiCo omwe adawonekera m'ma 1930 (pazipita maginito mphamvu zamagetsi zimatha kufika 85 kJ/m3) ndi maginito okhazikika a ferrite omwe adawonekera m'ma 1950 (pazipita maginito mphamvu zamagetsi tsopano zitha kufika 40 kJ/m3) zosiyanasiyana maginito katundu. Ndikusintha kwakukulu, ma motors ang'onoang'ono ndi ang'onoang'ono agwiritsa ntchito kusangalatsa kwa maginito kosatha.Mphamvu ya maginito okhazikika amagetsi ndi yaying'ono ngati ma milliwatts ochepa komanso yayikulu ngati makumi a kilowatts. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pantchito zankhondo, mafakitale ndi zaulimi komanso moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, ndipo zotsatira zake zakula kwambiri.Momwemonso, panthawiyi, zopambana zapangidwa mu chiphunzitso cha mapangidwe, njira yowerengera, magnetization ndi teknoloji yopangira makina okhazikika a maginito, ndi ndondomeko yowunikira ndi kufufuza njira zomwe zimayimiridwa ndi chithunzi chogwira ntchito cha maginito okhazikika apangidwa. 
Komabe, coercivity wa AlNiCo maginito okhazikika ndi otsika (36-160 kA/m), ndi kachulukidwe remanence wa ferrite maginito okhazikika si mkulu (0.2-0.44 T), amene malire ntchito yawo mu Motors.Mpaka zaka za m'ma 1960 ndi 1980, osowa dziko lapansi cobalt okhazikika maginito ndi neodymium chitsulo boron maginito okhazikika (onse pamodzi amatchedwa osowa dziko maginito okhazikika) anatuluka mmodzi ndi mzake, ndi kachulukidwe awo mkulu remanence, high coercivity, mkulu maginito mphamvu mankhwala ndi liniya demagnetization. chopindika. The zabwino maginito katundu wa okhazikika maginito galimoto ndi makamaka oyenera kupanga Motors magetsi, kotero kuti chitukuko cha okhazikika maginito Motors walowa mu nthawi yatsopano mbiri. Makhalidwe ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kwa maginito okhazikika Poyerekeza ndi ma motors achikhalidwe olimbikitsa magetsi, maginito osatha, makamaka maginito osowa padziko lapansi okhazikika, ali ndi zabwino zodziwikiratu monga mawonekedwe osavuta komanso magwiridwe antchito odalirika; kukula kochepa ndi kulemera kochepa; kutayika kochepa komanso kuchita bwino kwambiri; mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwa galimotoyo kungakhale kosinthasintha komanso kosiyanasiyana. .Chifukwa chake, mawonekedwe ogwiritsira ntchito ndi otakata kwambiri, okhudza pafupifupi magawo onse azamlengalenga, chitetezo cha dziko, kupanga mafakitale ndi zaulimi komanso moyo watsiku ndi tsiku.Zomwe zili zazikulu zamakina angapo okhazikika amagetsi amagetsi ndi ntchito zawo zazikulu zafotokozedwa pansipa. Poyerekeza ndi jenereta chikhalidwe, okhazikika maginito synchronous jenereta wa osowa dziko okhazikika maginito jenereta safuna mphete wokhometsa ndi burashi chipangizo, ndipo ali ndi dongosolo losavuta ndi kuchepetsa mlingo kulephera.Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa maginito osowa padziko lapansi kungathenso kuonjezera mphamvu ya maginito ya mpweya, kuonjezera liwiro la injini kufika pamtengo wokwanira, ndikuwongolera mphamvu ndi misa.Pafupifupi majenereta onse omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ndege zamakono komanso zam'mlengalenga amagwiritsa ntchito ma jenereta a maginito osowa padziko lapansi.Zogulitsa zake ndi 150 kVA 14-pole 12 000 r/min～21 000 r/min ndi 100 kVA 60 000 r/min osowa padziko lapansi cobalt okhazikika maginito synchronous majenereta opangidwa ndi General Electric Company ya United States.Galimoto yoyamba ya maginito yapadziko lapansi yosowa kwambiri yopangidwa ku China ndi 3 kW 20 000 r/min okhazikika maginito jenereta. 
Jenereta yokhazikika ya maginito imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati chowonjezera chothandizira cha jenereta yayikulu kwambiri ya turbine. M'zaka za m'ma 1980, dziko langa bwino anayamba 40 kVA ~ 160 kVA osowa padziko okhazikika maginito wothandiza exciter ndi mphamvu yaikulu mu dziko pa nthawi imeneyo. Kuwongolera kwambiri kudalirika kwa magwiridwe antchito amagetsi. Pakalipano, majenereta ang'onoang'ono oyendetsedwa ndi injini zoyatsira mkati zopangira magetsi odziimira okha, majenereta okhazikika a maginito a magalimoto, ndi majenereta ang'onoang'ono okhazikika amphepo omwe amayendetsedwa mwachindunji ndi ma turbine amphepo akulimbikitsidwa pang'onopang'ono. Udindo wofunikira wa maginito okhazikika amagetsi m'magawo osiyanasiyana ogwiritsira ntchito 1 Magetsi opulumutsa mphamvu osowa padziko lapansi okhazikika omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito, monga maginito osowa padziko lapansi okhazikika a maginito opanga nsalu ndi mafakitale amafuta, mafuta amafuta, migodi, maginito osowa padziko lapansi osatha a maginito a synchronous motors pamakina oyendera mgodi wa malasha, maginito osowa padziko lapansi. ma synchronous motors kuyendetsa mapampu osiyanasiyana ndi mafani. 2 Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maginito osowa padziko lapansi imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamagalimoto (magalimoto, njinga zamoto, masitima apamtunda), ndi ma magneti osowa padziko lapansi ndiye msika waukulu kwambiri.Malinga ndi ziwerengero, pafupifupi 70% yamagetsi osowa padziko lapansi amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magalimoto.Kwa magalimoto apamwamba, pali ma seti opitilira 70 amagetsi ogwiritsira ntchito zosiyanasiyana.Popeza zofunikira zamagalimoto osiyanasiyana amagalimoto ndizosiyana, kusankha kwa zida zokhazikika za maginito ndikosiyana.Maginito amagetsi amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'ma air conditioners, mafani, ndi mawindo amagetsi. Kuchokera pamalingaliro a mtengo, ubwino wa ferrite udzapitirirabe m'tsogolomu.Ma coil oyatsa, ma drive, ndi masensa amagwiritsabe ntchito maginito a Sm-Co sintered.Komanso, mbali galimoto, komanso magalimoto magetsi sangakhoze kunyalanyazidwa, monga chilengedwe wochezeka (EV) ndi hybrid magalimoto magetsi (HEV). 3 Maginito osowa padziko lapansi osatha maginito AC servo system Makina ophatikizira amagetsi okhala ndi zamagetsi, magwiridwe antchito apamwamba komanso dongosolo lowongolera liwiro.Dongosolo ndi wodzilamulira okhazikika maginito synchronous galimoto thupi.Dongosololi limagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida zamakina a CNC, ukadaulo wosinthika wopanga; komanso m'magalimoto amagetsi, m'malo mwa magalimoto achikhalidwe oyendetsedwa ndi thermally, kuti pakhale ufulu wotulutsa magalimoto.Rare earth permanent magnet motor ndi bizinesi yodalirika yaukadaulo wapamwamba. 4 Munda watsopanowu ndi wothandizila maginito otsika osowa padziko lapansi okhazikika maginito synchronous motor variable frequency control control system kwa ma air conditioners atsopano ndi mafiriji, zida zamagetsi zamagetsi zamitundu yosiyanasiyana yapadziko lapansi osowa maginito DC yaying'ono maginito, osowa padziko lapansi osatha maginito brushless. Ma motors a DC ndi Zida zokhala ndi mphamvu zosiyanasiyana.Ma motors oterowo akufunikanso kwambiri. 5 Zida za maginito zosakhalitsa zapadziko lapansi zokhala ndi zabwino pamapulogalamu apamlengalenga zimawapangitsa kukhala oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito injini za aero-injini.Ngakhale pali ntchito zina za osowa padziko lapansi okhazikika maginito maginito mu mlengalenga (monga voteji jenereta ndi yochepa dera chitetezo, etc.), akatswiri kunyumba ndi kunja amavomereza kuti osowa padziko lapansi okhazikika maginito Motors ndi njira yofunika chitukuko kwa m'badwo watsopano. za injini za aero. nkhani ya mtengo
Ma Ferrite maginito okhazikika, makamaka maginito okhazikika a maginito a DC, akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake kosavuta ndi kachitidwe, kuchepa kwa misa, ndipo nthawi zambiri kutsika mtengo wokwanira kuposa ma mota othamangitsa magetsi.Popeza maginito osowa padziko lapansi akadali okwera mtengo pakali pano, mtengo wa maginito osowa padziko lapansi nthawi zambiri ndi wokwera kuposa wamagetsi othamangitsa magetsi, omwe amafunika kulipidwa chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwake komanso kupulumutsa mtengo wake.
Nthawi zina, monga ma coil motors a disk drive, magwiridwe antchito a maginito a NdFeB amawongolera, kuchuluka kwake ndi misa zimachepetsedwa kwambiri, ndipo mtengo wake umachepetsedwa.Pamapangidwe, ndikofunikira kufananiza magwiridwe antchito ndi mtengo malinga ndi nthawi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso zofunikira kuti musankhe chisankho, komanso kupanga njira zamapangidwe ndi kukhathamiritsa kwapangidwe kuti muchepetse mtengo.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-20-2022 
