Chiyambi: Power Battery Management System (BMS) imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuwonetsetsa kuti chitetezo ndi moyo wantchito zamapaketi amagetsi agalimoto yamagetsi komanso kukulitsa magwiridwe antchito a batire. Nthawi zambiri, voteji yamunthu, mphamvu zonse, kuchuluka kwapano ndi kutentha kumawunikidwa ndikuyesedwa munthawi yeniyeni, ndipo magawo anthawi yeniyeni amabwezeredwa kwa wowongolera galimoto.
Ngati dongosolo la kasamalidwe ka batire la mphamvu likulephera, kuyang'anitsitsa kwa batri kudzatayika, ndipo momwe batire ililiri silingaganizidwe. ngakhale kuyendetsa galimoto.
Zotsatirazi zikutchula mitundu yodziwika bwino yamakina oyendetsa mabatire amagetsi agalimoto yamagetsi, ndikuwunika mwachidule zomwe zingayambitse, ndikupereka malingaliro owunikira omwe amafanana ndi njira zosinthira kuti afotokozere.
Mitundu yolakwika yodziwika bwino ndi njira zochizira za kasamalidwe ka batri lamphamvu
Mitundu yodziwika bwino yamakina owongolera ma batire amagetsi (BMS) ndi: CAN system communication vuto, BMS kusagwira ntchito moyenera, abnormal voltage acquisition, abnormal temptration, insulation error, total internal and outside voltage measurement error, pre-charging error, kulephera kulipiritsa. , zolakwika zowonetsera zachilendo, kulephera kwamagetsi okwera kwambiri, ndi zina zambiri.
1. KUTHEKA kulephera kwa kulumikizana
Ngati chingwe cha CAN kapena chingwe chamagetsi chatsekedwa, kapena terminal itachotsedwa, izi zipangitsa kulephera kulumikizana. M'malo owonetsetsa kuti BMS ili ndi mphamvu yanthawi zonse, sinthani ma multimeter kukhala giya yamagetsi ya DC, gwirani mayeso ofiira olowera mkati mwa CANH, ndipo mayeso akuda amatsogolera kukhudza CANL yamkati, ndikuyesa mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi. kulumikizana, ndiko kuti, magetsi pakati pa CANH ndi CANL mkati mwa mzere wolumikizirana. Mtengo wamagetsi wamba ndi pafupifupi 1 mpaka 5V. Ngati mtengo wamagetsi ndi wolakwika, zitha kuweruzidwa kuti zida za BMS ndizolakwika ndipo ziyenera kusinthidwa.
2. BMS sikugwira ntchito bwino
Izi zikachitika, zinthu zotsatirazi zitha kuganiziridwa makamaka:
(1) Magetsi amagetsi a BMS: Choyamba, yesani ngati voteji yamagetsi yagalimoto kupita ku BMS ili ndi kutulutsa kokhazikika pa cholumikizira chagalimoto.
(2) Kulumikizana kosadalirika kwa chingwe cha CAN kapena chingwe chamagetsi otsika: Kulumikizana kosadalirika kwa mzere wa CAN kapena kutulutsa mphamvu kungayambitse kulephera kwa kulumikizana. Chingwe cholumikizirana ndi chingwe chamagetsi kuchokera ku bolodi lalikulu kupita ku bolodi la akapolo kapena bolodi lamphamvu kwambiri liyenera kufufuzidwa. Ngati chingwe cholumikizira cholumikizidwa chapezeka, chiyenera kusinthidwa kapena kulumikizidwanso.
(3) Kubweza kapena kuwonongeka kwa cholumikizira: Kubweza kwa pulagi yolumikizira ndege yotsika-voltage kumapangitsa kuti bolodi la akapolo lisakhale ndi mphamvu kapena deta kuchokera ku bolodi la akapolo kuti isathe kutumizidwa ku board yayikulu. Pulagi ndi cholumikizira ziyenera kufufuzidwa ndikusinthidwa ngati zipezeka kuti zabwezedwa kapena kuwonongeka.
(4) Yang'anirani bolodi lalikulu: m'malo mwa bolodi kuti muyang'ane, ndipo mutatha kusinthidwa, cholakwikacho chimachotsedwa ndipo chimatsimikiziridwa kuti pali vuto ndi bolodi lalikulu.
3. Kupeza kwamagetsi kosavomerezeka
Kupeza ma voltage abnormal kumachitika, zotsatirazi ziyenera kuganiziridwa:
(1) Batire yokhayo ili pansi pa voliyumu: yerekezerani kuchuluka kwa voliyumu yowunikira ndi mtengo wamagetsi omwe amayezedwa ndi ma multimeter, ndikusintha batire pambuyo potsimikizira.
(2) Maboliti omangika a matheminali a mzere wotolera kapena kusalumikizana bwino pakati pa mzere wotolera ndi matheminali: Maboliti otayirira kapena kukhudzana koyipa pakati pa ma terminals kungayambitse kusokonekera kwamagetsi kwa selo limodzi. Panthawi imeneyi, gwedezani malo osungiramo pang'onopang'ono, ndipo mutatha kutsimikizira osauka kukhudzana, limbitsani kapena m'malo mwa malo osonkhanitsa. Waya.
(3) Fusesi ya mzere wosonkhanitsira yawonongeka: yesani kukana kwa fuse, ngati ili pamwamba pa l S2, iyenera kusinthidwa.
(4) Vuto lozindikira gulu la akapolo: Tsimikizirani kuti magetsi osonkhanitsidwa ndi osagwirizana ndi voteji yeniyeni. Ngati voteji yosonkhanitsidwa ya matabwa ena akapolo ikugwirizana ndi mphamvu ya batri, m'pofunika kusintha gulu la akapolo ndikusonkhanitsa deta pamalopo, werengani zolakwika za mbiri yakale, ndikusanthula.
4. Kusonkhanitsa kutentha kwachilendo
Pamene kusonkhanitsa kutentha kwachilendo kumachitika, yang'anani pa izi:
(1) Kulephera kwa sensa ya kutentha: Ngati deta imodzi ya kutentha ikusowa, yang'anani pulagi yapakatikati. Ngati palibe kugwirizana kwachilendo, zikhoza kudziwika kuti sensa yawonongeka ndipo ikhoza kusinthidwa.
(2) Kulumikizana kwa cholumikizira cholumikizira kutentha kwa sensa ndi kosadalirika: Yang'anani pulagi yapakatikati ya matako kapena cholumikizira cholumikizira kutentha kwa doko lowongolera, ngati chipezeka kuti ndi chotayirira kapena kugwa, chingwe cholumikizira chiyenera kusinthidwa.
(3) Pali kulephera kwa hardware mu BMS: Kuyang'anira kumapeza kuti BMS silingathe kusonkhanitsa kutentha kwa doko lonse, ndikutsimikizira kuti chingwe cholumikizira kuchokera ku chingwe chowongolera kupita ku adaputala kupita ku kafukufuku wa sensor kutentha nthawi zambiri chimalumikizidwa, ndiye ikhoza kutsimikiziridwa ngati vuto la hardware la BMS, ndipo gulu la akapolo lolingana liyenera kusinthidwa.
(4) Kaya mulowetsenso magetsi mutalowa m'malo mwa bolodi la akapolo: Kwezaninso magetsi mutalowa m'malo mwa bolodi yolakwika ya akapolo, apo ayi kuwunika kudzawonetsa kusakhazikika.
5. Kulephera kwa insulation
Mu makina oyendetsera batire yamagetsi, mkati mwa cholumikizira cholumikizira ma waya ogwirira ntchito ndi chozungulira ndi chotchinga chakunja, ndipo chingwe champhamvu chamagetsi chimawonongeka ndipo thupi lagalimoto limafupikitsidwa, zomwe zingayambitse kulephera kwa insulation. . Poganizira izi, njira zotsatirazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito posanthula matenda ndi kukonza:
(1) Kutaya kwa katundu wothamanga kwambiri: Chotsani DC / DC, PCU, charger, air conditioner, etc. motsatizana mpaka vutolo litathetsedwa, ndiyeno m'malo mwa zolakwikazo.
(2) Kuwonongeka kwa mizere yamagetsi kapena zolumikizira: gwiritsani ntchito megohmmeter kuyeza, ndikusintha mutayang'ana ndikutsimikizira.
(3) Madzi mu bokosi la batri kapena kutayikira kwa batri: Tayani mkati mwa bokosi la batri kapena sinthani batire.
(4) Mzere wosonkhanitsira magetsi owonongeka: Yang'anani mzere wosonkhanitsira mutatha kutsimikizira kutayikira mkati mwa bokosi la batri, ndipo m'malo mwake ngati kuwonongeka kwapezeka.
(5) High-voltage board kuzindikira alamu zabodza: sinthani bolodi lamphamvu kwambiri, ndipo mutatha kusinthidwa, cholakwikacho chimachotsedwa, ndipo cholakwa chodziwikiratu cha board chapamwamba chimatsimikiziridwa.
6. Nesab kulephera kuzindikira mphamvu zonse
Zomwe zimayambitsa kulephera kuzindikira voteji zitha kugawidwa motere: kutayikira kapena kugwa pakati pa mzere wogula ndi terminal, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kulephera kwathunthu kwa voteji; mtedza wotayirira womwe umatsogolera pakuyatsa ndi kulephera kwathunthu kwa voteji; zolumikizira zamphamvu kwambiri zomwe zimatsogolera pakuyatsa ndi kulephera kwathunthu kwa voteji; Kusintha kosinthira kumakanikizidwa kupangitsa kulephera kwamphamvu kwambiri, ndi zina. Pakuwunika kwenikweni, kukonza kumatha kuchitidwa motsatira njira izi:
(1) Kulumikizana kwa terminal kumapeto onse a mzere wosonkhanitsira voteji ndikosadalirika: gwiritsani ntchito multimeter kuti muyeze voteji yonse ya malo ozindikira ndikuyerekeza ndi voteji yonse yowunikira, kenako yang'anani dera lodziwikiratu kuti mupeze si odalirika, ndi kumangitsa kapena m'malo.
(2) Kulumikizana kwachilendo kwa dera lamphamvu kwambiri: gwiritsani ntchito ma multimeter kuti muyeze kukakamiza kwathunthu kwa malo odziwikiratu ndi kukakamiza kwathunthu kwa malo oyang'anira, ndikufananiza, kenako fufuzani masiwichi okonza, mabawuti, zolumikizira, inshuwaransi, ndi zina zambiri. .
(3) Kulephera kuzindikira kwa board-voltage board: Yerekezerani kupanikizika kwenikweni ndi kukakamizidwa kwathunthu. Pambuyo posintha bolodi lapamwamba kwambiri, ngati kupanikizika konse kumabwerera mwakale, zikhoza kudziwika kuti bolodi lapamwamba kwambiri ndilolakwika ndipo liyenera kusinthidwa.
7. Kulephera kwachaji
Zifukwa zolepherera kuyitanitsa chisanadze zitha kugawidwa kukhala: cholumikizira chakunja chonse chosonkhanitsira magetsi chimakhala chotayirira ndikugwa, zomwe zimabweretsa kulephera kulipira chisanadze; mzere waukulu wowongolera bolodi ulibe voteji ya 12V, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti relay isanayambike isatseke; kukana kolipiritsa koyambirira kumawonongeka ndipo kuyitanitsa koyambirira kumalephera. Kuphatikizana ndi galimoto yeniyeni, kuyang'anitsitsa kungapangidwe malinga ndi magulu otsatirawa.
(1) Kulephera kwa zigawo zamphamvu zakunja zakunja: Pamene BMS ikunena za vuto lokonzekera, pambuyo pochotsa zonse zabwino ndi zoipa zonse, ngati kuthamangitsidwa kusanachitike kukuyenda bwino, cholakwikacho chimayambitsidwa ndi zigawo zakunja zamagetsi. Onani bokosi lamagetsi apamwamba kwambiri ndi PCU m'zigawo.
(2) Vuto lalikulu la bolodi silingathe kutseka chiwongolero chisanadze: fufuzani ngati relay isanaperekedwe ili ndi magetsi a 12V, ngati ayi, m'malo mwa bolodi lalikulu. Ngati kulipira chisanadze kukuyenda bwino pambuyo pa kusinthidwa, zimatsimikiziridwa kuti bolodi lalikulu ndilolakwika.
(3) Kuwonongeka kwa fusesi yayikulu kapena chopinga cholipiritsa chisanadze: yezani kupitiliza ndi kukana kwa fuseyi yolipiritsa isanakwane, ndikusintha ngati sizachilendo.
(4) Kuzindikira kulephera kwa kukakamiza kwakunja kwa board-voltage board: Pambuyo pa board-voltage board m'malo, kulipiritsa kutsogola kumapambana, ndipo cholakwika cha board-high-voltage board chingadziwike, ndipo chikhoza kukhala m'malo.
8. Kulephera kulipiritsa
Chochitika cha kulephera kulipira chikhoza kufotokozedwa mwachidule muzochitika ziwiri izi: imodzi ndi yakuti materminal a CAN mzere pa malekezero onse a cholumikizira amachotsedwa kapena kugwetsedwa, zomwe zimabweretsa kulephera kwa kulankhulana pakati pa bolodi la amayi ndi charger, pakulephera kulipira; china ndi chakuti kuwonongeka kwa inshuwaransi yolipiritsa kumapangitsa kuti dera lolipira lilephereke. , kulipiritsa sikungatheke. Ngati galimotoyo siyingayimbidwe mlandu pakuwunika kwenikweni kwagalimoto, mutha kuyamba pazinthu izi kuti mukonze cholakwikacho:
(1) Chojambulira ndi bolodi lalikulu sizimalankhulana bwino: gwiritsani ntchito chida kuti muwerenge deta yogwira ntchito ya dongosolo la CAN la galimoto yonse. Ngati palibe chojambulira kapena data yogwira ntchito ya BMS, yang'anani chingwe cholumikizira cha CAN nthawi yomweyo. Ngati cholumikizira sichikulumikizana bwino kapena mzere wasokonekera, pitilizani nthawi yomweyo. kukonza.
(2) Kulakwitsa kwa charger kapena bolodi lalikulu silingayambe mwachizolowezi: sinthani chojambulira kapena bolodi lalikulu, ndikubwezeretsanso magetsi. Ngati ikhoza kulipiritsidwa pambuyo pa kusinthidwa, zikhoza kudziwika kuti chojambulira kapena bolodi lalikulu ndilolakwika.
(3) BMS imazindikira cholakwika ndipo sichimaloleza kulipira: weruzani mtundu wa cholakwika kudzera mukuyang'anira, ndiyeno thetsani cholakwikacho mpaka kulipira bwino.
(4) Fuse yothamanga yawonongeka ndipo sangathe kupanga dera loyendetsa: gwiritsani ntchito multimeter kuti muwone kupitiriza kwa fuse yothamanga, ndipo m'malo mwake m'malo mwake simungatsegule.
9. Chiwonetsero chachilendo chamakono
Malo opangira ma batire amagetsi owongolera ma waya amatsitsidwa kapena bolt ndi lotayirira, ndipo pamwamba pa terminal kapena bawuti ndi oxidized, zomwe zingayambitse zolakwika. Pamene chiwonetsero chamakono sichikhala chachilendo, kuyika kwa mzere wamakono wosonkhanitsa kuyenera kufufuzidwa kwathunthu komanso mwatsatanetsatane.
(1) Mzere wamakono wosonkhanitsa sunagwirizane bwino: panthawiyi, mafunde abwino ndi oipa adzasinthidwa, ndipo m'malo mwake akhoza kuchitidwa;
(2) Kulumikizana kwa mzere wamakono wosonkhanitsira ndi wosadalirika: choyamba, onetsetsani kuti dera lapamwamba lamagetsi lili ndi mphamvu yokhazikika, ndipo pamene kuyang'anitsitsa kusinthasintha kwambiri, yang'anani mzere wamakono pamapeto onse a shunt, ndipo sungani. mabawuti nthawi yomweyo ngati apezeka kuti ndi omasuka.
(3) Dziwani kuti makutidwe ndi okosijeni a pamtunda wotsiriza: Choyamba, onetsetsani kuti dera lapamwamba lamagetsi lili ndi mphamvu yokhazikika, ndipo pamene mphamvu yowunikira imakhala yochepa kwambiri kuposa yomwe ilipo panopa, dziwani ngati pali kusanjikiza kwa oxide pamwamba pa madzi. terminal kapena bawuti, ndikusamalira pamwamba ngati ilipo.
(4) Kuzindikira kwachilendo kwa bolodi lamagetsi apamwamba kwambiri: Pambuyo pochotsa chosinthira chowongolera, ngati mtengo wowunikira uli pamwamba pa 0 kapena 2A, kuzindikira kwaposachedwa kwa bolodi lamphamvu kwambiri sikuli kwabwinobwino, ndipo bolodi lamphamvu kwambiri liyenera kusinthidwa. .
10. High voltage interlock kulephera
Pamene giya ya ON yayatsidwa, yesani ngati pali magetsi okwera kwambiri pano, fufuzani ngati materminal 4 atsekedwa mwamphamvu, ndipo yesani ngati pali magetsi a 12V pamapeto oyendetsa galimoto (waya woonda ndi waya woyendetsa voteji). Malingana ndi zochitika zenizeni, zikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu atatu awa:
(1) Kulakwitsa kwa DC / DC: kuyeza pulagi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi ya DC/DC kuti muwone ngati pali magetsi okwera kwakanthawi kochepa pomwe zida za ON zimayatsidwa, ngati zilipo, zimatsimikizika kukhala DC/ DC yolakwika ndipo iyenera kusinthidwa.
(2) Ma terminals a DC / DC relay samalumikizidwa mwamphamvu: yang'anani ma terminals apamwamba ndi otsika a relay, ndikubwezeretsanso ma terminal ngati sadali odalirika.
(3) Kulephera kwa bolodi lalikulu kapena bolodi la adaputala kumapangitsa kuti nsonga ya DC / DC isatseke: Yesani kutha kwa magetsi a DC / DC relay, tsegulani chipika cha ON ndipo palibe magetsi a 12V kwakanthawi kochepa, kenako sinthani bolodi lalikulu kapena adapter board.
Nthawi yotumiza: May-04-2022