Miyezo yolozera pakusankha magalimoto makamaka imaphatikizapo: mtundu wa mota, voteji ndi liwiro; mtundu wagalimoto ndi mtundu; kusankha mtundu wa chitetezo chagalimoto; voteji yamagalimoto ndi liwiro.
Kusankhidwa kwa mota kuyenera kutanthauza izi:
1.Mtundu wamagetsi amagetsi, monga gawo limodzi, magawo atatu, DC,ndi zina.
2.Malo ogwiritsira ntchito galimoto, kaya nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito galimoto imakhala ndi makhalidwe apadera, monga chinyezi, kutentha pang'ono, dzimbiri la mankhwala, fumbi,ndi zina.
3.Njira yogwiritsira ntchito galimotoyo ndikugwira ntchito mosalekeza, kugwira ntchito kwakanthawi kochepa kapena njira zina zogwirira ntchito.
4.Njira yolumikizira injini, monga kusonkhana koyang'ana, kusonkhana kopingasa,ndi zina.
5.Mphamvu ndi liwiro la injini, ndi zina zotero, mphamvu ndi liwiro ziyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira za katundu.
6.Zinthu zina, monga ngati kuli kofunikira kusintha liwiro, kaya pali pempho lapadera lolamulira, mtundu wa katundu, ndi zina zotero.
1. Kusankha mtundu wa galimoto, magetsi ndi liwiro
Posankha mtundu wa galimoto, tsatanetsatane wa voteji ndi liwiro, ndi masitepe wamba, makamaka zimachokera ku zofunikira za makina opangira magetsi oyendetsa magetsi, monga kuchuluka kwafupipafupi poyambira ndi braking, kaya pali lamulo loyendetsa liwiro, etc. kusankha mtundu wamakono wa galimoto. Ndiko kunena kuti, sankhani injini yamakono kapena mota ya DC; chachiwiri, kukula kwa magetsi owonjezera agalimoto ayenera kusankhidwa molumikizana ndi chilengedwe chamagetsi; ndiye liwiro lake lowonjezera liyenera kusankhidwa kuchokera pa liwiro lofunika ndi makina opanga ndi zofunikira za zida zotumizira; ndiyeno molingana ndi makina opangira magalimoto ndi kupanga. Malo ozungulira amatsimikizira mtundu wa masanjidwe ndi mtundu wa chitetezo cha mota; potsiriza, mphamvu yowonjezera (mphamvu) ya galimotoyo imatsimikiziridwa ndi kukula kwa mphamvu kofunikira pamakina opangira.Kutengera zomwe zili pamwambapa, pomaliza sankhani mota yomwe imakwaniritsa zofunikira pagulu lazogulitsa zamagalimoto. Ngati mota yomwe yalembedwa pamndandanda wazogulitsa siyingakwaniritse zofunikira zina zamakina opanga, imatha kusinthidwa payekhapayekha kwa wopanga magalimoto.
2.Kusankha mtundu wagalimoto ndi mtundu
Kusankhidwa kwa mota kumatengera AC ndi DC, mawonekedwe a makina, kuwongolera liwiro ndikuyamba kugwira ntchito, chitetezo ndi mtengo, ndi zina zotere, chifukwa chake posankha izi ziyenera kutsatiridwa:
1. Choyamba, sankhani galimoto ya asynchronous ya magawo atatu a gologolo.Chifukwa ali ndi ubwino wa kuphweka, kukhazikika, ntchito yodalirika, mtengo wotsika komanso kukonza bwino, koma zofooka zake ndizovuta kuyendetsa liwiro, mphamvu yochepa, mphamvu yoyambira panopa komanso torque yaying'ono.Chifukwa chake, ndizofunikira kwambiri pamakina opangira wamba ndi ma drive omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe a makina olimba ndipo alibe zofunikira zowongolera liwiro, monga zida wamba zamakina ndi makina opanga mongamapampu kapena mafani okhala ndi mphamvu zochepa kuposa100KW.
2. Mtengo wa galimoto ya chilonda ndi wapamwamba kuposa wa galimoto ya khola, koma mawonekedwe ake amatha kusinthidwa powonjezera kukana kwa rotor, kotero amatha kuchepetsa kuyambika kwamakono ndikuwonjezera torque yoyambira, kotero ingagwiritsidwe ntchito mphamvu zochepa zamagetsi. Kumene mphamvu yamagalimoto ndi yayikulu kapena pali zofunikira zowongolera liwiro, monga zida zonyamulira, kukweza ndi kunyamulira zida, makina osindikizira ndikuyenda kwamitengo yamakina olemera, ndi zina zambiri.
3. Pamene liwiro lamulo lonse ndi wotsika kuposa1:10,ndiimafunika kuti muthe kusintha liwiro bwino, slip motor imatha kusankhidwa poyamba.Mtundu wa masanjidwe a mota ukhoza kugawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: mtundu wopingasa ndi woyima molingana ndi kusiyana kwa malo ake osonkhana.Shaft ya injini yopingasa imasonkhanitsidwa mozungulira, ndipo shaft ya injini yowongoka imasonkhanitsidwa molunjika mpaka kutalika, kotero kuti ma motors awiriwa sangasinthidwe.Nthawi zonse, muyenera kusankha mota yopingasa. Malingana ngati kuli kofunikira kuthamanga molunjika (monga mapampu ozama ozama ndi makina obowola, ndi zina zotero), kuti muchepetse kusonkhana kwapatsirana, injini yowongoka iyenera kuganiziridwa (chifukwa ndiyokwera mtengo) .
3.Kusankha mtundu wachitetezo chamoto
Pali mitundu yambiri yachitetezo cha injini. Mukasankha kugwiritsa ntchito, mota yamtundu wachitetezo yoyenera iyenera kusankhidwa malinga ndi malo osiyanasiyana ogwirira ntchito.Mtundu wachitetezo wagalimoto umaphatikizapo mtundu wotseguka, mtundu woteteza, mtundu wotsekedwa, mtundu wotsimikizira kuphulika, mtundu wa submersible ndi zina zotero.Sankhani mtundu wotseguka m'malo okhazikika chifukwa ndi otsika mtengo, koma ndi oyenera malo owuma komanso aukhondo. Pamalo a chinyontho, olimbana ndi nyengo, fumbi, zoyaka, ndi zowononga, mtundu wotsekedwa uyenera kusankhidwa. Pamene kusungunula kumakhala kovulaza ndipo kumakhala kosavuta kuphulika ndi mpweya woponderezedwa, mtundu wotetezera ukhoza kusankhidwa.Ponena za injini yamapampu olowera pansi pamadzi, mtundu wosindikizidwa kwathunthu uyenera kutengedwa kuti zitsimikizire kuti chinyezi sichimalowetsedwa pogwira ntchito m'madzi. Pamene galimoto ili m'malo omwe ali ndi chiopsezo cha moto kapena kuphulika, ziyenera kuzindikiridwa kuti mtundu wosaphulika uyenera kusankhidwa.
Chachinayi,kusankha kwa voteji yamagalimoto ndi liwiro
1. Posankha galimoto yopangira makina opangira mafakitale omwe alipo kale, magetsi owonjezera a galimotoyo ayenera kukhala ofanana ndi magetsi ogawa magetsi a fakitale. Kusankhidwa kwa voteji ya injini ya fakitale yatsopano kuyenera kuganiziridwa pamodzi ndi kusankha kwa magetsi ndi kugawa magetsi a fakitale, malinga ndi milingo yosiyanasiyana yamagetsi. Pambuyo poyerekezera luso ndi zachuma, chisankho chabwino chidzapangidwa.
Muyezo wochepa wamagetsi womwe wanenedwa ku China ndi220/380V, ndipo ambiri amphamvu voteji ndi10 kV.Nthawi zambiri, ma motors ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati amakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri, ndipo ma voltages awo owonjezera ndi220/380V(D/Ymgwirizano) ndi380/660V (D/Ykulumikizana).Pamene mphamvu ya galimoto ikupitirira pafupifupi200KW, Ndi bwino kuti wosuta kusankhainjini yamphamvu kwambiri3 kV pa,6kv pakapena10kv ku.
2. Kusankhidwa kwa (owonjezera) liwiro la galimoto kuyenera kuganiziridwa molingana ndi zofunikira za makina opangira ndi chiŵerengero cha msonkhano wopatsirana.Chiwerengero cha zosintha pa mphindi imodzi ya mota nthawi zambiri3000,1500,1000,750ndi600.Kuthamanga kowonjezera kwa injini ya asynchronous nthawi zambiri kumakhala2% ku5% yotsika kuposa liwiro lomwe lili pamwambapa chifukwa cha kutsetsereka.Kuchokera pamalingaliro opanga magalimoto, ngati liwiro lowonjezera la injini yamphamvu yomweyi ndilokwera, mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwa torque yake yamagetsi idzakhala yaying'ono, mtengo wake udzakhala wotsika komanso kulemera kwake kudzakhala kopepuka, komanso mphamvu ndi mphamvu. mphamvu zama motors othamanga kwambiri ndi apamwamba kuposa ma mota otsika kwambiri.Ngati mungasankhe galimoto yokhala ndi liwiro lalikulu, chuma chidzakhala bwino, koma ngati kusiyana kwa liwiro pakati pa galimoto ndi makina oyendetsa galimoto kuli kwakukulu kwambiri, ndiye kuti magawo ambiri otumizira amafunika kukhazikitsidwa kuti apititse patsogolo chipangizocho. zidzawonjezera mtengo wa zida ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zotumizira.Fotokozani kufananitsa ndi kusankha.Ma motors ambiri omwe timagwiritsa ntchito nthawi zambiri ndi4- mtengo1500r/mphindima motors, chifukwa mtundu uwu wagalimoto womwe uli ndi liwiro lowonjezera uli ndi magwiridwe antchito osiyanasiyana, ndipo mphamvu yake komanso magwiridwe antchito ake ndizokwera.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-11-2022