What is a high-efficiency motor?
Ordinary motor: 70%~95% of the electric energy absorbed by the motor is converted into mechanical energy (the efficiency value is an important indicator of the motor), and the remaining 30%~5% of the electric energy is consumed by the motor itself due to heat generation, mechanical loss, etc. So this part of the energy is wasted.
High-efficiency motor: refers to a motor with high power utilization rate, and its efficiency should meet the relevant energy efficiency level requirements. For ordinary motors, every 1% increase in efficiency is not an easy task, and the material will increase a lot. When the motor efficiency reaches a certain value, no matter how much material is added, it cannot be improved. Most of the high-efficiency motors on the market today are a new generation of three-phase asynchronous motors, which means that the basic working principle has not changed.
High-efficiency motors improve output efficiency by reducing the loss of electromagnetic energy, heat energy and mechanical energy by adopting new motor design, new technology and new materials. Compared with ordinary motors, the energy-saving effect of using high-efficiency motors is very obvious. Usually, the efficiency can be increased by an average of 3% to 5%. In my country, the energy efficiency of motors is divided into 3 levels, of which the energy efficiency of level 1 is the highest. In actual engineering applications, usually, a high-efficiency motor refers to a motor whose energy efficiency meets the national mandatory standard GB 18613-2020 “Energy Efficiency Limits and Energy Efficiency Grades of Electric Motors” and above the energy efficiency index of Level 2, or has been included in the “Energy-saving Products Benefiting the People Project” Catalog” motors can also be regarded as meeting the requirements of high-efficiency motors.
Therefore, the difference between high-efficiency motors and ordinary motors is mainly reflected in two points: 1. Efficiency. High-efficiency motors reduce losses by adopting reasonable stator and rotor slot numbers, fan parameters, and sinusoidal windings. The efficiency is better than that of ordinary motors. High-efficiency motors are 3% higher than ordinary motors on average, and ultra-high-efficiency motors are nearly 5% higher on average. . 2. Energy consumption. Compared with ordinary motors, the energy consumption of high-efficiency motors is reduced by about 20% on average, while the energy consumption of ultra-high-efficiency motors is reduced by more than 30% compared with ordinary motors.
As the terminal electrical equipment with the largest electricity consumption in my country, motors are widely used in pumps, fans, compressors, transmission machinery, etc., and their electricity consumption accounts for more than 60% of the electricity consumption of the whole society. At this stage, the efficiency level of the mainstream high-efficiency motors on the market is IE3, which can improve the energy efficiency by more than 3% compared with ordinary motors. The “Action Plan for Carbon Peaking Before 2030″ issued by the State Council requires that key energy-consuming equipment such as motors, fans, pumps, and compressors be promoted to save energy and improve efficiency, promote advanced and high-efficiency products and equipment, accelerate the elimination of backward and low-efficiency equipment, and improve industrial and construction efficiency. Terminals, rural energy consumption, electrification level of railway system. At the same time, the “Motor Energy Efficiency Improvement Plan (2021-2023)” jointly issued by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the State Administration for Market Regulation clearly stated that by 2023, the annual output of high-efficiency motors should reach 170 million kilowatts. The proportion should be more than 20%. Accelerating the elimination of low-efficiency motors in service and vigorously promoting the production and application of high-efficiency motor equipment are important ways for my country to achieve carbon peaking by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060.
The rapid development of my country’s high-efficiency motor industry and the promotion and application of carbon reduction have achieved remarkable results
my country’s motor industry is large in scale. According to statistics, the national industrial motor output in 2020 will be 323 million kilowatts. Motor manufacturing enterprises are mainly distributed in Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Fujian, Shandong, Shanghai, Liaoning, Guangdong and Henan. The number of motor manufacturing enterprises in these eight provinces and cities accounts for about 85% of the total number of motor manufacturing enterprises in my country.
my country’s high-efficiency motor production and popularization and application have achieved remarkable results. According to the “White Paper on High-Efficiency Motor Promotion Projects”, the output of high-efficiency motors and remanufactured motors in my country increased from 20.04 million kilowatts in 2017 to 105 million kilowatts in 2020, of which the output of high-efficiency motors rose from 19.2 million kilowatts to 102.7 million kilowatts. The number of high-efficiency motor and remanufactured motor manufacturers increased from 355 in 2017 to 1,091 in 2020, accounting for the proportion of motor manufacturers from 13.1% to 40.4%. The high-efficiency motor supply and sales market system is becoming more and more perfect. The number of suppliers and sellers has increased from 380 in 2017 to 1,100 in 2020, and the sales volume in 2020 will reach 94 million kilowatts. The number of companies using high-efficiency motors and remanufactured motors continues to increase. The number of companies using high-efficiency motors has increased from 69,300 in 2017 to more than 94,000 in 2020, and the number of companies using remanufactured motors has increased from 6,500 to 10,500. .
The popularization and application of high-efficiency motors has achieved remarkable results in energy saving and carbon reduction. According to estimates, from 2017 to 2020, the annual power saving of high-efficiency motor promotion will increase from 2.64 billion kWh to 10.7 billion kWh, and the cumulative power saving will be 49.2 billion kWh; the annual reduction of carbon dioxide emissions will rise from 2.07 million tons to 14.9 million tons. A total of more than 30 million tons of carbon dioxide emissions have been reduced.
my country takes multiple measures to promote high-efficiency motors
my country attaches great importance to the improvement of motor energy efficiency and the promotion of high-efficiency motors, has issued a number of related policies related to motors, and implemented many promotion measures in detail.
▍In terms of policy guidance, focus on improving the energy efficiency of motors and their systems, and eliminating low-efficiency motors. Guide and urge enterprises to eliminate low-efficiency motors through industrial energy conservation supervision, motor energy efficiency improvement plans, and the release of the “High Energy Consumption Outdated Electromechanical Equipment (Products) Elimination Catalog”. During the “13th Five-Year Plan” period, special inspections were carried out on the production and use of key energy-consuming products such as motors and pumps to improve the energy efficiency of motors. About 150,000 low-efficiency motors were found, and the companies were ordered to rectify within a time limit.
▍In terms of standard guidance, the motor energy efficiency standard is enforced and the motor energy efficiency label is implemented. In 2020, the mandatory national standard “Energy Efficiency Allowable Values and Energy Efficiency Grades of Electric Motors” (GB 18613-2020) was issued, which replaced the “Energy Efficiency Allowable Values and Energy Efficiency Grades of Small and Medium-sized Three-phase Asynchronous Motors” ( GB 1 8 6 1 3 – 2 0 1 2) and “Energy Efficiency Allowable Values and Energy Efficiency Classes for Small Power Motors” (GB 25958-2010). The release and implementation of the standard raised my country’s minimum energy efficiency standard IE2 to IE3 level, constraining motor manufacturers to produce motors higher than IE3 level, and further promoted the production of high-efficiency motors and the increase in market share. At the same time, motors for sale are required to be affixed with the latest energy efficiency labels, so that buyers can more clearly understand the efficiency level of the purchased motors.
▍In terms of publicity and promotion activities, release promotional catalogues, carry out technical training, and organize activities such as “entering energy-saving services into enterprises”. Through the release of six batches of “”Energy-saving Products Benefiting the People Project” High-efficiency Motor Promotion Catalogue”, five batches of “National Industrial Energy-Saving Technology Equipment Catalogue”, ten batches of “”Energy Efficiency Star” Product Catalogue”, seven batches of “Energy-saving Electromechanical Equipment (Products) Recommended Catalog”, recommend high-efficiency motors and energy-saving equipment and products using high-efficiency motors to the society, and guide enterprises to use high-efficiency motors. At the same time, the “Remanufacturing Product Catalogue” was released to promote the remanufacturing of low-efficiency motors into high-efficiency motors and improve the level of resource recycling. For motor-related management personnel and energy management personnel of key energy-consuming enterprises, organize multiple training sessions on motor energy-saving technologies. In 2021, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology will also organize relevant units to hold 34 “energy-saving services into enterprises” activities.
▍In terms of technical services, organize three batches of industrial energy-saving diagnostic services. From 2019 to the end of 2021, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology organized third-party service agencies for energy-saving diagnosis to conduct energy-saving diagnosis in 20,000 enterprises, and evaluated the energy efficiency level and actual operation of key electrical equipment such as motors, fans, air compressors, and pumps. To help enterprises identify low-efficiency motors, analyze the potential of high-efficiency motors for promotion and application, and guide enterprises to carry out motor energy conservation.
▍In terms of financial support, high-efficiency motors are included in the scope of implementation of energy-saving products to benefit the people. The Ministry of Finance provides financial subsidies to motor products of different types, grades and powers according to the rated power. The central government allocates subsidy funds to high-efficiency motor manufacturers, and the manufacturers sell them to motor users, water pumps and fans at the subsidized price. Complete equipment manufacturing enterprises. However, starting from March 2017, the purchase of high-efficiency motor products in the catalog of “energy-saving products benefiting the people” will no longer enjoy central financial subsidies. At present, some regions such as Shanghai have also set up special funds to support the promotion of high-efficiency motors.
The promotion of high-efficiency motors in my country still faces some challenges
Although the promotion of high-efficiency motors has achieved certain results, compared with developed countries such as Europe and the United States, my country has adopted the IE3 level as the motor energy efficiency limit for a short period of time (starting from June 1, 2021), and the market share of high-efficiency motors above the IE3 level The rate is low. At the same time, increasing the application of high-efficiency motors in China and promoting high-efficiency motors still face many challenges.
Buyers are not very motivated to purchase high-efficiency motors
The selection of high-efficiency motors has long-term benefits for buyers, but it requires buyers to increase investment in fixed assets, which brings certain economic pressure to motor buyers. At the same time, some buyers lack the understanding of the life cycle theory of the product, pay attention to the one-time investment of funds, do not consider the cost in the use process, and have concerns about the quality reliability and performance stability of high-efficiency motors, so they are unwilling to buy High-efficiency motors at higher prices.
The development of the motor industry is relatively lagging behind
The motor industry is a labor-intensive and technology-intensive industry. The market concentration of large and medium-sized motors is relatively high, while that of small and medium-sized motors is relatively low. As of 2020, there are about 2,700 motor manufacturing enterprises in my country, among which small and medium-sized enterprises account for a high proportion. These small and medium-sized enterprises focus on the production of small and medium-sized motors and have weak R&D capabilities, resulting in low technical content and added value of the products produced. In addition, the low price of ordinary motors has caused some end buyers to prefer to buy ordinary motors, resulting in some motor manufacturers still producing ordinary motors. In 2020, the output of my country’s industrial high-efficiency motors will only account for about 31.8% of the total output of industrial motors.
There are many common motors in stock and many suppliers
Ordinary motors account for about 90% of the motors in service in my country. Ordinary motors are low in price, simple in structure, convenient in maintenance, long in service life, and have a large supplier base, which brings huge obstacles to the promotion of high-efficiency motors. my country has implemented the mandatory national standard GB 18613-2012 since 2012, and plans to phase out the inventory of low-efficiency motor products. Relevant departments require that all industries, especially those with high energy consumption, must gradually stop using low-efficiency motors, but such motor products can still be used if they do not meet the scrap standards.
High-efficiency motor promotion policy system and motor monitoring
The regulatory system is not sound enough
Energy efficiency standards for motors have been promulgated and implemented, but there is a lack of supporting policies and regulatory mechanisms to prohibit motor manufacturers from producing ordinary motors. Relevant departments have released recommended catalogs of high-efficiency motor-related products and equipment, but there is no mandatory implementation method. They can only force key industries and key enterprises to eliminate low-efficiency motors through industrial energy conservation supervision. The policy system on both sides of supply and demand is not perfect, which has brought obstacles to the promotion of high-efficiency motors. At the same time, fiscal and tax policies and credit policies to support the promotion of high-efficiency motors are not sound enough, and it is difficult for most motor buyers to obtain financing from commercial banks.
Policy Recommendations for Promoting Efficient Motors
The promotion of high-efficiency motors requires the coordination of motor manufacturers, motor buyers, and supporting policies. In particular, creating a social environment in which motor manufacturers actively produce high-efficiency motors and motor buyers actively choose high-efficiency motors is crucial to the promotion of high-efficiency motors.
Give full play to the binding role of standards
Standards are an important technical support for the high-quality development of the motor industry. The country has issued mandatory or recommended national/industrial standards such as GB 18613-2020 for motors, but there is a lack of supporting regulations to prevent motor manufacturers from producing below the limit value of energy efficiency. Motor products, urging companies to retire low-efficiency motors. From 2017 to 2020, a total of 170 million kilowatts of low-efficiency motors have been eliminated, but only 31 million kilowatts of them have been replaced by high-efficiency motors. There is an urgent need to carry out publicity and implementation of standards, strengthen the implementation of standards, supervise the use of standards, deal with and correct behaviors that do not implement standards in a timely manner, strengthen the supervision of motor manufacturers, and increase the punishment for violating motor companies. Willing to produce low-efficiency motors, motor buyers can not purchase low-efficiency motors.
Implementation of inefficient motor phase-out
The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology carries out energy-saving supervision work every year, conducts special supervision on the energy efficiency improvement of key energy-consuming products and equipment, and identifies low-efficiency motors and fans according to the “High Energy Consumption Outdated Electromechanical Equipment (Products) Elimination Catalog” (Batch 1 to 4) , Air compressors, pumps and other out-of-date equipment products that use motors as drive devices. However, this monitoring work is mainly aimed at key energy-consuming industries such as iron and steel, non-ferrous metal smelting, petrochemical chemicals, and building materials, and it is difficult to cover all industries and enterprises. Subsequent recommendations are to implement inefficient motor elimination actions, eliminate inefficient motors by region, batch, and time period, and clarify the elimination time period, supporting incentives and punishment measures for each type of inefficient motor to urge enterprises to eliminate them within the specified time. At the same time, it is also necessary to take into account the actual operation of the enterprise. In view of the fact that a single large enterprise uses a large amount of motors and has strong funds, while a single small and medium-sized enterprise uses less motors and has relatively tight funds, the phase-out cycle should be determined differently, and the phase-out cycle of inefficient motors in large enterprises should be appropriately reduced.
Improving the incentive and restraint mechanism of motor manufacturing enterprises
The technical capabilities and technological levels of motor manufacturing companies are uneven. Some companies do not have the technical capabilities to manufacture high-efficiency motors. It is necessary to find out the specific situation of domestic motor manufacturing companies and improve corporate technology through financial incentive policies such as loan concessions and tax relief. Supervise and urge them to upgrade and transform them into high-efficiency motor production lines within the specified time, and supervise the motor production enterprises not to manufacture low-efficiency motors during the transformation and transformation. Supervise the circulation of low-efficiency motor raw materials to prevent motor manufacturers from purchasing low-efficiency motor raw materials. At the same time, increase the sampling inspection of motors sold in the market, announce the results of the sampling inspection to the public in a timely manner, and notify the manufacturers whose products fail to meet the standard requirements and rectify them within a time limit.
Strengthen the demonstration and promotion of high-efficiency motors
Encourage motor manufacturers and high-efficiency motor users to jointly build energy-saving effect demonstration bases for consumers to learn about motor operation and energy conservation on the spot, and regularly disclose motor energy-saving data to the public so that they can have a more intuitive understanding of the energy-saving effects of high-efficiency motors.
Establish a promotion platform for high-efficiency motors, display relevant information such as the qualifications of motor manufacturers, product specifications, performance, etc., publicize and interpret policy information related to high-efficiency motors, smooth the information exchange between motor manufacturers and motor consumers, and let manufacturers and consumers Keep abreast of relevant policies.
Organize the promotion and training of high-efficiency motors to enhance the awareness of motor consumers in different regions and industries on high-efficiency motors, and at the same time answer their questions. Strengthen third-party service agencies to provide relevant consulting services for consumers.
Promoting remanufacturing of low-efficiency motors
Large-scale elimination of low-efficiency motors will cause waste of resources to a certain extent. Remanufacturing low-efficiency motors into high-efficiency motors not only improves the energy efficiency of motors, but also recycles some resources, which helps to promote the green and low-carbon development of the motor industry chain; compared with the manufacture of new high-efficiency motors, it can reduce 50% Cost, 60% energy consumption, 70% material. Formulate and refine the rules and standards for remanufacturing motors, clarify the type and power of remanufactured motors, and release a batch of demonstration enterprises with motor remanufacturing capabilities, leading the development of the motor remanufacturing industry through demonstration.
Government procurement drives the development of high-efficiency motor industry
In 2020, the national government procurement scale will be 3.697 trillion yuan, accounting for 10.2% and 3.6% of the national fiscal expenditure and GDP respectively. Through government green procurement, guide motor manufacturers to actively supply high-efficiency motors and purchasers to purchase high-efficiency motors. Research and formulate government procurement policies for energy-saving technical products such as high-efficiency motors, pumps and fans using high-efficiency motors, include high-efficiency motors and energy-saving technical products using high-efficiency motors in the scope of government procurement, and organically combine them with relevant standards and product catalogs for energy-saving motors , expand the scope and scale of government green procurement. Through the implementation of the government’s green procurement policy, the production capacity of energy-saving technology products such as high-efficiency motors and the improvement of maintenance technical service capabilities will be promoted.
Increase credit, tax incentives and other support on both sides of supply and demand
Purchasing high-efficiency motors and improving the technical capabilities of motor manufacturers require a large amount of capital investment, and enterprises need to bear greater economic pressure, especially small and medium-sized enterprises. Through credit concessions, support the transformation of low-efficiency motor production lines into high-efficiency motor production lines, and reduce the pressure on capital investment of motor buyers. Provide tax incentives for high-efficiency motor manufacturers and high-efficiency motor users, and implement differentiated electricity prices based on the energy efficiency levels of the motors used by the companies. The higher the energy efficiency level, the more favorable the electricity price.
Post time:
May-24-2023