Although the mainstream motor drive method on the market is based on Servo motors are mainly used, but in certain situations, the advantages of stepper motors are far greater than that of servo motors, so it is necessary for electronic engineers to understand stepper motors, so this article will discuss the working principle, classification and characteristics of stepper motors in detail.
Stepper motor is a kind of induction motor. Its working principle is to use electronic circuit to program the DC circuit to supply power by time-sharing. The multi-phase sequence controls the current. Using this current to supply power to the stepper motor, the stepper motor can work normally. It is time-sharing power supply for the stepper motor.
Although stepper motors have been widely used, stepper motors are not like ordinary DC motors, and AC motors are conventionally used. It must be used by the control system composed of double ring pulse signal, power drive circuit, etc. Therefore, it is not easy to make good use of stepper motors. It involves many professional knowledge such as machinery, motors, electronics and computers.
As an actuator, stepper motor is one of the key products of mechatronics and is widely used in various automation control systems. With the development of microelectronics and computer technology, the demand for stepper motors is increasing day by day, and they are used in various fields of the national economy.
The more commonly used stepping motors include reactive stepping motors (VR), permanent magnet stepping motors (PM), hybrid stepping motors (HB), and single-phase stepping motors.
Permanent magnet stepper motor:
The permanent magnet stepping motor is generally two-phase, the torque and volume are small, and the stepping angle is generally 7.5 degrees or 15 degrees; the permanent magnet stepping motor has a large output torque. Dynamic performance is good, but the step angle is large.
Reactive stepper motors:
The reactive stepping motor is generally three-phase, which can achieve large torque output. The stepping angle is generally 1.5 degrees, but the noise and vibration are very large. The rotor magnetic routing of the reactive stepping motor is made of soft magnetic material. There are multi-phase field windings that use the change in permeance to generate torque.
The reactive stepping motor has simple structure, low production cost, small step angle, but poor dynamic performance.
Hybrid stepper motor:
Hybrid stepping motor combines the advantages of reactive and permanent magnet stepping motors. It has small step angle, large output and good dynamic performance. It is currently the highest performance stepping motor. It is also called permanent magnet induction. The sub-stepping motor is also divided into two-phase and five-phase: the two-phase stepping angle is 1.8 degrees, and the five-phase stepping angle is generally 0.72 degrees. This kind of stepping motor is the most widely used.
Post time: Oct-31-2022