Kev sib koom ua ke ntawm tib neeg nrog ib puag ncig thiab kev tsim kho kom ruaj khov ntawm kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb ua rau tib neeg xav nrhiav kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg thiab kev siv peev txheej ntawm kev thauj mus los, thiab kev siv tsheb hluav taws xob yog qhov tsis muaj kev ntseeg siab.
Cov tsheb hluav taws xob niaj hnub no yog cov khoom lag luam uas muaj ntau yam kev siv thev naus laus zis xws li hluav taws xob, hluav taws xob, hluav taws xob, kev tswj xyuas, khoom siv science, thiab tshuaj lom neeg. Kev ua haujlwm tag nrho, kev lag luam, thiab lwm yam ua ntej yog nyob ntawm lub roj teeb thiab lub cev muaj zog tswj qhov system. Lub cev muaj zog tsav ntawm lub tsheb hluav taws xob feem ntau muaj plaub qhov tseem ceeb, uas yog tus tswj hwm. Fais fab converters, motors thiab sensors. Tam sim no, cov motors siv nyob rau hauv hluav taws xob tsheb feem ntau muaj xws li DC motors, induction motors, switched reluctance motors, thiab mus tas li magnet brushless motors.
1. Cov kev cai tseem ceeb ntawm lub tsheb hluav taws xob rau lub tshuab hluav taws xob
Kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tsheb hluav taws xob, tsis zoo li kev siv dav hauv kev lag luam, yog qhov nyuaj heev. Yog li ntawd, cov kev xav tau rau lub tshuab tsav tsheb yog siab heev.
1.1 Lub cev muaj zog rau lub tsheb fais fab yuav tsum muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub zog loj tam sim ntawd, muaj zog tshaj qhov muaj peev xwm, dhau qhov coefficient ntawm 3 txog 4), kev ua haujlwm nrawm nrawm thiab ua haujlwm ntev.
1.2 Lub cev muaj zog rau lub tsheb fais fab yuav tsum muaj ntau yam kev tswj ceev, suav nrog thaj chaw torque tas li thiab lub zog tsis tu ncua. Nyob rau hauv tas li torque cheeb tsam, siab torque yuav tsum tau thaum khiav ntawm tsawg ceev kom tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ntawm pib thiab nce toj; nyob rau hauv qhov chaw lub zog tas li, kev kub ceev yog xav tau thaum lub zog qis yuav tsum tau ua kom tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm kev tsav tsheb ceev ntawm txoj kev tiaj tus. Xav tau.
1.3 Lub tshuab hluav taws xob rau lub tsheb hluav taws xob yuav tsum muaj peev xwm paub txog kev rov ua dua tshiab thaum lub tsheb qeeb, rov qab thiab rov qab rov qab lub zog rau lub roj teeb, kom lub tsheb fais fab muaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev siv hluav taws xob, uas tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav hauv lub tshuab hluav taws xob sab hauv. .
1.4 Lub tshuab hluav taws xob rau lub tsheb hluav taws xob yuav tsum muaj kev ua haujlwm siab nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov kev khiav hauj lwm ntau yam, thiaj li txhim kho cov kev caij nkoj ntawm ib qho nqi.
Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tseem yuav tsum tau hais tias lub tshuab hluav taws xob rau cov tsheb fais fab muaj kev ntseeg tau zoo, tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ntev hauv ib puag ncig hnyav, muaj cov qauv yooj yim thiab tsim nyog rau kev tsim khoom loj, muaj suab nrov tsawg thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, yooj yim siv. thiab tswj, thiab pheej yig.
2 Hom thiab Kev Tswj Xyuas Cov Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob rau Cov Tsheb Hluav Taws Xob
2.1 TSI
Motors Lub ntsiab zoo ntawm brushed DC motors yog yooj yim tswj thiab paub tab technology. Nws muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo tswj tsis sib xws los ntawm AC motors. Hauv kev tsim tsheb hluav taws xob thaum ntxov, DC motors feem ntau yog siv, thiab txawm tias tam sim no, qee lub tsheb hluav taws xob tseem tau tsav los ntawm DC motors. Txawm li cas los xij, vim muaj cov txhuam hniav thiab cov neeg kho tshuab commutators, nws tsis tsuas yog txwv qhov kev txhim kho ntxiv ntawm lub cev muaj zog ntau dhau thiab ceev, tab sis kuj yuav tsum tau saib xyuas thiab hloov cov txhuam hniav thiab cov commutators yog tias nws khiav mus ntev. Tsis tas li ntawd, txij li qhov poob tshwm sim ntawm lub rotor, nws yog qhov nyuaj rau dissipate tshav kub, uas txwv qhov kev txhim kho ntxiv ntawm lub cev muaj zog torque-rau-mass ratio. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev pom ntawm qhov teeb meem saum toj no ntawm DC motors, DC motors yeej tsis siv nyob rau hauv tshiab tsim hluav taws xob tsheb.
2.2 AC peb-theem induction lub cev muaj zog
2.2.1 Kev ua tau zoo ntawm AC peb-theem induction lub cev muaj zog
AC peb-theem induction motors yog cov motors siv dav tshaj plaws. Lub stator thiab rotor yog laminated nrog silicon steel los xij, thiab tsis muaj lub nplhaib plam, commutators thiab lwm yam khoom uas muaj kev sib cuag ntawm cov stators. Cov qauv yooj yim, txhim khu kev qha ua haujlwm thiab ruaj khov. Lub hwj chim npog ntawm AC induction lub cev muaj zog yog dav heev, thiab qhov ceev nce mus txog 12000 ~ 15000r / min. Cua txias los yog kua txias tuaj yeem siv tau, nrog rau kev ua kom txias txias. Nws muaj qhov hloov tau zoo rau ib puag ncig thiab tuaj yeem paub txog kev rov ua dua tshiab ntawm kev sib tsoo. Piv nrog rau tib lub zog DC lub cev muaj zog, qhov ua tau zoo dua, qhov zoo yog txo los ntawm ib nrab, tus nqi pheej yig, thiab kev saib xyuas yooj yim.
2.2.2 Kev tswj qhov system
ntawm AC induction lub cev muaj zog Vim hais tias AC peb-theem induction lub cev muaj zog tsis tuaj yeem siv ncaj qha rau DC lub zog muab los ntawm lub roj teeb, thiab AC peb-theem induction lub cev muaj cov yam ntxwv uas tsis yog tawm. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub tsheb hluav taws xob siv AC peb-theem induction lub cev muaj zog, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau siv lub zog semiconductor ntaus ntawv hauv inverter los hloov cov tam sim no ncaj qha mus rau qhov hloov tam sim no uas nws zaus thiab amplitude tuaj yeem hloov kho kom paub txog kev tswj ntawm AC. peb-theem lub cev muaj zog. Muaj feem ntau v / f tswj txoj kev thiab plam zaus tswj txoj kev.
Siv cov txheej txheem tswj vector, zaus ntawm qhov hloov pauv tam sim no ntawm excitation winding ntawm AC peb-theem induction lub cev muaj zog thiab lub davhlau ya nyob twg kev hloov kho ntawm cov tswv yim AC peb-theem induction lub cev muaj zog yog tswj, sib nqus flux thiab torque ntawm rotating magnetic teb. ntawm AC peb-theem induction lub cev muaj zog raug tswj, thiab kev hloov ntawm AC peb-theem induction lub cev muaj zog yog pom tau. Qhov ceev thiab cov zis torque tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm kev hloov pauv cov yam ntxwv, thiab tuaj yeem tau txais kev ua haujlwm siab tshaj plaws, yog li AC peb-theem induction lub cev muaj zog tuaj yeem siv dav hauv tsheb fais fab.
2.2.3 Shortcomings ntawm
AC peb-theem induction lub cev muaj zog Lub zog noj ntawm AC peb-theem induction lub cev muaj zog loj, thiab lub rotor yog ib qho yooj yim kom sov. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej qhov txias ntawm AC peb-theem induction lub cev muaj zog thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm siab, txwv tsis pub lub cev muaj zog yuav puas. Lub hwj chim ntawm AC peb-theem induction lub cev muaj zog yog tsawg, yog li ntawd lub zog input ntawm zaus hloov dua siab tshiab thiab voltage hloov dua siab tshiab ntaus ntawv kuj tsis tshua muaj, yog li nws yog tsim nyog los siv ib tug loj-muaj peev xwm zaus hloov dua siab tshiab thiab voltage conversion ntaus ntawv. Tus nqi ntawm kev tswj hwm ntawm AC peb-theem induction lub cev muaj zog ntau dua li ntawm AC peb-theem induction lub cev muaj zog nws tus kheej, uas ua rau tus nqi ntawm lub tsheb fais fab. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev tswj ceev ntawm AC peb-theem induction lub cev muaj zog kuj tsis zoo.
2.3 Cov hlau nplaum tas mus li brushless DC lub cev muaj zog
2.3.1 Kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov brushless DC lub cev muaj zog
Cov hlau nplaum tas mus li brushless DC lub cev muaj zog yog lub cev muaj zog. Nws qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog tias nws muaj cov yam ntxwv sab nraud ntawm DC lub cev muaj zog yam tsis muaj kev sib cuag nrog cov qauv tsim los ntawm txhuam. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws txais yuav cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov rotor, thiab tsis muaj qhov tsis txaus siab: lub rhuab armature winding yog ntsia rau sab nrauv stator, uas yooj yim rau dissipate tshav kub. Yog li ntawd, cov hlau nplaum tas mus li brushless DC lub cev muaj zog tsis muaj kev sib txuas lus, tsis muaj xov tooj cua cuam tshuam, lub neej ntev thiab kev lag luam txhim khu kev qha. , kev saib xyuas yooj yim. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws qhov ceev tsis txwv los ntawm kev sib hloov ntawm cov neeg kho tshuab, thiab yog siv cov bearings los yog magnetic suspension bearings, nws muaj peev xwm khiav mus txog ntau pua txhiab revolutions ib feeb. Piv nrog rau lub tsev hlau nplaum tas mus li tsis muaj zog DC lub cev muaj zog, nws tau ua lub zog zoo dua thiab siab dua kev ua haujlwm zoo, thiab muaj kev cia siab zoo hauv cov tsheb hluav taws xob.
2.3.2 Kev tswj qhov system ntawm cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov brushless DC lub cev muaj zog Lub
Cov hlau nplaum tas mus li brushless DC lub cev muaj zog yog quasi-decoupling vector tswj qhov system. Txij li cov hlau nplaum tas mus li tsuas tuaj yeem tsim qhov ruaj khov-amplitude magnetic teb, cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov brushless DC lub cev muaj zog tseem ceeb heev. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev khiav hauv thaj av torque tas li, feem ntau siv hysteresis tswj tam sim no lossis tam sim no tawm tswv yim hom SPWM txoj kev ua kom tiav. Txhawm rau kom nthuav dav ntxiv, cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov brushless DC lub cev muaj zog tuaj yeem siv cov kev tswj tsis muaj zog. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev tswj xyuas qhov tsis muaj zog yog txhawm rau ua kom lub kaum sab xis ntawm theem tam sim no los muab qhov ncaj qha-axis demagnetization peev xwm ua kom tsis muaj zog ntawm cov flux txuas hauv stator winding.
2.3.3 Insufficiency ntawm
Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Tsav Cov hlau nplaum tas mus li brushless DC lub cev muaj zog cuam tshuam thiab txwv los ntawm cov txheej txheem hlau nplaum ruaj khov, uas ua rau lub zog ntau ntawm cov hlau nplaum tas mus li brushless DC lub cev muaj zog me me, thiab lub zog siab tshaj plaws tsuas yog kaum tawm kilowatts. Thaum cov khoom siv hlau nplaum tas mus li raug kev co, qhov kub thiab txias tshaj tam sim no, nws cov khoom sib nqus permeability yuav txo qis los yog demagnetize, uas yuav txo qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov, thiab tseem ua rau lub cev muaj zog thaum mob hnyav. Overload tsis tshwm sim. Nyob rau hauv lub zog tas li, cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov brushless DC lub cev muaj zog yog qhov nyuaj rau kev khiav lag luam thiab yuav tsum muaj kev tswj xyuas txoj haujlwm, uas ua rau lub zog tsav ntawm cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov brushless DC lub cev muaj zog heev.
2.4 Switched Reluctance Tsav
2.4.1 Basic Performance of Switched Reluctance Motor
Lub cev hloov pauv tsis txaus ntseeg yog hom tshiab ntawm lub cev muaj zog. Lub kaw lus muaj ntau yam kev pom tseeb: nws cov qauv yog yooj yim dua li lwm lub cev muaj zog, thiab tsis muaj cov hlua khi, windings thiab cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov ntawm lub rotor ntawm lub cev muaj zog, tab sis tsuas yog nyob rau ntawm stator. Muaj ib qho yooj yim concentrated winding, qhov kawg ntawm winding yog luv luv, thiab tsis muaj interphase jumper, uas yog ib qho yooj yim los tswj thiab kho. Yog li, qhov kev ntseeg tau zoo, thiab qhov ceev tuaj yeem ncav cuag 15000 r / min. Qhov kev ua tau zoo tuaj yeem ncav cuag 85% mus rau 93%, uas yog siab dua li ntawm AC induction motors. Qhov poob yog feem ntau nyob rau hauv stator, thiab lub cev muaj zog yog yooj yim kom txias; lub rotor yog cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov, uas muaj ntau yam kev tswj ceev ceev thiab tswj tau yooj yim, uas yooj yim rau kev ua tiav ntau yam tshwj xeeb ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub zog ceev, thiab tswj kev ua haujlwm siab hauv ntau yam. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub zog ntawm cov tsheb fais fab.
2.4.2 Switched reluctance lub cev muaj zog tswj qhov system
Hloov tsis kam lub cev muaj zog muaj qhov siab ntawm cov yam ntxwv uas tsis yog-linear, yog li ntawd, nws txoj kev tsav tsheb yog qhov nyuaj dua. Nws tswj qhov system muaj xws li lub hwj chim converter.
a. Lub excitation winding ntawm lub switched reluctance lub cev muaj zog ntawm lub converter fais fab, tsis hais txog tam sim no los yog rov qab tam sim no, qhov kev taw qhia torque tseem tsis hloov pauv, thiab lub sijhawm hloov pauv. Txhua theem tsuas yog xav tau lub hwj chim hloov raj nrog lub peev xwm me dua, thiab lub zog hloov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob yog qhov yooj yim, tsis muaj qhov tsis ua haujlwm ncaj qha, kev ntseeg tau zoo, yooj yim rau kev pib muag muag thiab plaub-quadrant kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev, thiab muaj zog regenerative braking muaj peev xwm. . Tus nqi qis dua qhov inverter tswj qhov system ntawm AC peb-theem induction lub cev muaj zog.
b. Tus tswj
Cov maub los muaj microprocessors, digital logic circuits thiab lwm yam khoom. Raws li cov lus txib tawm tswv yim los ntawm tus neeg tsav tsheb, lub microprocessor soj ntsuam thiab ua cov txheej txheem rotor txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub cev muaj zog rov qab los ntawm txoj hauj lwm detector thiab lub detector tam sim no tib lub sij hawm, thiab txiav txim siab nyob rau hauv ib qho instant, thiab teeb meem ib tug series ntawm execution commands. tswj lub switched reluctance motor. Kho kom haum rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tsheb hluav taws xob nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej sib txawv. Kev ua tau zoo ntawm tus maub los thiab kev hloov kho yooj yim yog nyob ntawm kev sib koom tes ntawm software thiab kho vajtse ntawm microprocessor.
c. Position Detector
Switched reluctance motors xav tau high-precision txoj hauj lwm detectors los muab cov kev tswj system nrog cov teeb liab ntawm kev hloov nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm, ceev thiab tam sim no ntawm lub cev muaj zog rotor, thiab yuav tsum tau ib tug ntau dua switching zaus los txo lub suab nrov ntawm lub switched reluctance lub cev muaj zog.
2.4.3 Shortcomings of Switched Reluctance Motors
Kev tswj qhov system ntawm lub cev hloov pauv tsis txaus ntseeg yog qhov nyuaj me ntsis dua li kev tswj hwm ntawm lwm cov motors. Txoj hauj lwm ntes yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov hloov tsis kam lub cev muaj zog, thiab nws qhov kev ua tau zoo muaj qhov cuam tshuam tseem ceeb rau kev tswj xyuas kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tshuab hloov tsis kam. Txij li thaum lub hloov pauv tsis kam lub cev muaj zog yog cov qauv ua kom pom tseeb dua, muaj qhov hloov pauv ntawm lub zog tsis txaus ntseeg, thiab lub suab nrov yog qhov tsis zoo ntawm lub cev hloov pauv tsis txaus siab. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no tau pom tias lub suab nrov ntawm kev hloov pauv tsis txaus ntseeg lub cev muaj zog tuaj yeem cuam tshuam tag nrho los ntawm kev siv qhov tsim nyog tsim, tsim khoom thiab tswj kev siv tshuab.
Tsis tas li ntawd, vim qhov kev hloov pauv loj ntawm cov zis torque ntawm lub cev hloov pauv tsis txaus ntseeg thiab qhov hloov pauv loj ntawm DC tam sim no ntawm lub zog hloov hluav taws xob, lub lim dej loj yuav tsum tau nruab rau ntawm lub tsheb npav DC.Cov tsheb tau txais cov tshuab hluav taws xob sib txawv hauv lub sijhawm keeb kwm sib txawv, siv DC lub cev muaj zog nrog kev tswj xyuas zoo tshaj plaws thiab tus nqi qis dua. Nrog rau kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv ntawm lub tshuab thev naus laus zis, tshuab tsim tshuab, tshuab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob thiab kev tswj tsis siv neeg, AC motors. Cov hlau nplaum tas mus li brushless DC motors thiab switched reluctance motors qhia superior kev ua tau zoo tshaj DC motors, thiab cov motors no maj mam hloov DC motors nyob rau hauv hluav taws xob tsheb. Table 1 piv cov kev ua tau zoo ntawm ntau lub tshuab hluav taws xob siv hauv cov tsheb hluav taws xob niaj hnub. Tam sim no, tus nqi ntawm alternating tam sim no motors, mus tas li hlau nplaum motors, switched reluctance motors thiab lawv cov kev tswj cov cuab yeej tseem kuj siab. Tom qab ntau lawm, cov nqi ntawm cov motors thiab unit tswj cov cuab yeej yuav txo qis sai, uas yuav ua tau raws li cov kev cai ntawm cov txiaj ntsig kev lag luam thiab ua rau tus nqi ntawm cov tsheb fais fab raug txo.
Post lub sij hawm: Mar-24-2022